Kumayambiriro kwa ululu uliwonse pali malingaliro osaneneka, anatero Nikolai Linde, yemwe ndi wolemba mabuku ofotokoza zamaganizo ophiphiritsa. Ndipo njira yachindunji yofikirako ndi kudzera mu zithunzi zowoneka, zomveka komanso zonunkhiritsa. Popeza takumana ndi chifanizirochi, tingadzipulumutse ku mavuto, thupi ndi maganizo.
Emotionally-imaginative therapy (EOT), wobadwira ku Russia, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe zimadziwika mu psychology yapadziko lonse lapansi. Yakhala ikukula kwa zaka pafupifupi 30. Muzochita za mlengi wake Nikolai Linde, pali zikwi zambiri za milandu, kusanthula kwawo kunapanga maziko a "njira ya zithunzi", yomwe chithandizo chamaganizo chimachokera.
Psychology: Chifukwa chiyani mwasankha zithunzi ngati chida chokokera?
Nikolai Linde: Kutengeka maganizo kumakhudza kwambiri thupi lonse. Zochitika zina za thupi zimatha kuimiridwa mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi - zowoneka, zomveka, zomveka. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kumvetsera momwe mbali imodzi ya thupi imamvekera - dzanja, mutu. Palibe zachinsinsi - ichi ndi chiwonetsero chamalingaliro, momwe zimawonekera kwa inu. Pamene ine kapena makasitomala anga "amadzimvera" okha, ngati alandira mphamvu, amamva bwino. Amene ali ndi vuto linalake m'thupi amakumana ndi vuto linalake pamene "akumvetsera" kapena kuwona.
Ndapeza ndi zochitika zonse kuti zithunzi zomwe munthu amapereka zokhudzana ndi thupi zimasonyeza zovuta zake. Ndipo sizingawunikidwe kokha, komanso kukonzedwa mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi. Ngakhale zinthu wamba monga, mwachitsanzo, ululu.
Ntchito yathu ndikumasula malingaliro. Kamodzi panali mlandu: mkazi anadandaula mutu. Ndikufunsa, zikumveka bwanji? Wofuna chithandizoyo ankaganiza kuti: kupera kwachitsulo cha dzimbiri pachitsulo cha dzimbiri. “Tamvera mawu amenewo,” ndinamuuza motero. Iye amamvetsera, ndipo phokosolo limakhala ngati mawilo akutsogolo. Ululu umachepetsedwa pang'ono. Kumvetsera mowonjezereka - ndipo phokoso limakhala phokoso la chipale chofewa pansi pa nsapato.
Ndipo panthawiyo ululu umatha. Komanso, amamva kutsitsimuka m’mutu mwake, ngati kuti kwaomba mphepo. Panthawi yomwe ndinali nditangoyamba kumene kuchita luso langa, anthu adadabwitsa, ngati awona chozizwitsa.
Fungo ndi mwayi wolunjika ku chemistry ya thupi, chifukwa maiko amalingaliro amakhalanso chemistry
Inde, kuchotsa chizindikiro chosasangalatsa mu mphindi 2-3 ndizodabwitsa. Ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali "ndinkasangalala" pochotsa ululu. Koma pang'onopang'ono anawonjezera phale. Kodi makinawo ndi chiyani? Munthu amapemphedwa kuti ayerekeze ali pampando chochitika chosangalatsa kapena nkhani yodzutsa maganizo.
Ndimafunsa mafunso: Kodi zochitika zimawoneka bwanji? Kodi amachita bwanji? Akuti chiyani? Mukumva bwanji? Mumamva kuti m'thupi mwanu?
Nthawi zina anthu amafuula kuti: “Zachabechabe zamtundu wina!” Koma mu EOT, kudzidzimutsa ndikofunikira: ndizomwe zidabwera m'maganizo poyamba, pomwe timamanga kulumikizana ndi chithunzicho. Nyama, cholengedwa chongopeka, chinthu, munthu… Ndipo pokhudzana ndi chithunzicho, malingaliro ake amasintha osati chizindikiro chokha, komanso vutolo limatha.
Kodi mwayesa njira yanu?
Inde, ndimayesa njira zonse ndekha, kenako kwa ophunzira anga, ndiyeno ndimawamasula kudziko lapansi. Mu 1992, ndidapeza chinthu china chosangalatsa: fungo longoyerekeza lili ndi mphamvu kwambiri! Ndinkaganiza kuti kununkhira kuyenera kukhala ndi gwero la psychotherapy, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali ndimafuna kusintha kuti ndigwire ntchito ndi fungo. Mlanduwo unathandiza.
Ine ndi mkazi wanga tinali kumudzi, inakwana nthawi yonyamuka kupita ku mzinda. Ndiyeno amasanduka wobiriwira, kugwira mtima wake. Ndinadziwa kuti akuda nkhawa ndi mkangano wamkati, ndi kumene ululuwo unachokera. Panalibe mafoni am'manja panthawiyo. Ndikumvetsa kuti sitidzatha kupeza ambulansi mwamsanga. Ndinayamba kuchita zinthu mwanzeru. Ndidati: "Kodi fungo limakhala bwanji, taganizani?" "Ndikununkha koyipa, sunganunkhe." - "Kumva!" Anayamba kununkhiza. Poyamba, kununkhako kunakula, ndipo patapita mphindi imodzi kunayamba kuchepa. Mkazi anapitiriza kununkhiza. Pambuyo pa mphindi 3, kununkhira kunazimiririka kwathunthu ndipo kununkhira kwatsopano kunawonekera, nkhopeyo idasanduka pinki. Ululu watha.
Fungo ndi mwayi wolunjika ku chemistry ya thupi, chifukwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro amalingaliro amakhalanso chemistry. Mantha ndi adrenaline, chisangalalo ndi dopamine. Tikasintha maganizo, timasintha chemistry.
Kodi mumagwira ntchito osati ndi zowawa zokha, komanso ndi malingaliro amalingaliro?
Ndimagwira ntchito ndi matenda - ndi ziwengo, mphumu, neurodermatitis, kuwawa kwa thupi - komanso ndi neuroses, mantha, nkhawa, kudalira maganizo. Ndi chilichonse chomwe chimatengedwa kuti ndi chovuta, chosatha komanso chimabweretsa kuvutika. Kungoti ophunzira anga ndi ine timachita mofulumira kuposa oimira madera ena, nthawi zina mu gawo limodzi. Nthawi zina, pogwira ntchito imodzi, timatsegula ina. Ndipo pazifukwa zotere, ntchito imakhala nthawi yayitali, koma osati zaka, monga psychoanalysis, mwachitsanzo. Zithunzi zambiri, ngakhale zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ululu, zimatifikitsa ku muzu wa vutolo.
Anali kumapeto kwa 2013 pa semina ku Kyiv. Funso lochokera kwa omvera: "Amati mumathetsa ululu?" Ine amati wofunsayo kupita «otentha mpando». Mkazi ali ndi ululu m'khosi. Kodi kwenikweni zimapweteka bwanji, ndikufunsa: zimapweteka, kudula, kuwawa, kukoka? "Monga akubowola." Anawona kumbuyo kwake chifaniziro cha mwamuna wovala malaya abuluu ndi kubowola pamanja. Kuyang'ana mwatcheru - ndi abambo ake. “N’chifukwa chiyani akubowola khosi? Mufunseni”. «Atate» amanena kuti inu ntchito, inu simungakhoze kupuma. Zikuoneka kuti mayiyo adaganiza kuti akupumula pamsonkhanowo, akupumula.
Wosiyidwa, mwana wamkati wosafunikira amawoneka ngati makoswe omwe amaluma kasitomala
Kunena zoona, bambo anga sanalankhule choncho, koma m’moyo wawo wonse ankapereka uthenga woterowo. Iye anali woimba ndipo ngakhale patchuthi ankagwira ntchito m’misasa ya ana, kupezera banja ndalama. Ndikumvetsa kuti ululu wa m’khosi ndi wolakwa chifukwa chophwanya pangano la bambo ake. Ndiyeno ine ndikubwera ndi njira kuchotsa "kubowola" popita. “Tamverani, bambo ankagwira ntchito moyo wawo wonse. Muuzeni kuti mwamulola kuti apume, msiyeni achite zimene akufuna. Mayiyo akuwona kuti "abambo" amavula mkanjo wake, kuvala chovala choyera cha konsati, kutenga violin ndikuchoka kuti azisewera zofuna zake. Ululu umatha. Umu ndi momwe mauthenga amakolo amayankhira kwa ife mu thupi.
Ndipo EOT ikhoza kuchotsa mwamsanga chikondi chosasangalatsa?
Inde, kudziŵa kwathu ndi chiphunzitso cha kutengeka maganizo. Tapeza njira ya chikondi, kuphatikizapo yosasangalala. Timachoka ku mfundo yakuti munthu mu chiyanjano amapereka gawo la mphamvu, gawo la iye mwini, kutentha, chisamaliro, chithandizo, mtima wake. Ndipo popatukana, monga lamulo, amasiya gawo ili mwa mnzake ndikumva zowawa, chifukwa "wang'ambika" mu zidutswa.
Nthawi zina anthu amasiya okha mu maubwenzi akale kapena m'mbuyomu. Timathandiza kuchotsa ndalama zawo mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi, ndiyeno munthuyo amamasulidwa ku zowawa. Chinanso chatsala: kukumbukira kosangalatsa, kuyamikira. Wogula wina sakanatha kusiya bwenzi lake lakale kwa zaka ziwiri, akudandaula za kusakhalapo kwa malingaliro osangalatsa. Chithunzi cha mtima wake chinkawoneka ngati mpira wowala wabuluu. Ndipo tinatenga nawo mpirawo, kumasula moyo wake wachisangalalo.
Kodi zithunzizo zimatanthauza chiyani?
Tsopano muli zithunzi zopitilira 200 mudikishonale yathu. Koma uyenera kumalizidwabe. Zizindikiro zina zimafanana ndi zomwe Freud adafotokoza. Koma tinapezanso zithunzi zathu. Mwachitsanzo, mwana wamkati amene nthawi zambiri amasiyidwa, wosafunidwa amaoneka ngati khoswe amene amaluma kasitomala. Ndipo ife «kuweta» izi makoswe, ndi vuto - ululu kapena zoipa maganizo boma - amachoka. Pano timadalira kusanthula kwamalonda, koma Bern sanena kuti chifukwa cha malamulo a makolo ndi kusowa kwa chikondi, pali kugawanika kobisika ndi mwana wamkati. Pachimake mu EOT pamene tikugwira ntchito ndi gawo ili la "I" lathu ndi pamene limalowa m'thupi la kasitomala.
Kodi muyenera kulowa mu chikhalidwe cha chizimbwizimbwi kuti muyerekeze fano?
Palibe chikhalidwe chapadera kwa kasitomala ku EOT! Ndatopa ndi kubwezera. Sindimagwira ntchito ndi hypnosis, chifukwa ndikutsimikiza kuti mauthenga omwe akuperekedwawo sasintha zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Imagination ndi chida chopezeka kwa aliyense. Wophunzira pamayeso akuyang'ana pawindo, zikuwoneka ngati khwangwala akuwerengera. M'malo mwake, akugwira ntchito m'dziko lake lamkati, komwe amalingalira momwe amasewera mpira, kapena amakumbukira momwe amayi ake adamudzudzula. Ndipo ichi ndi chida chachikulu chogwirira ntchito ndi zithunzi.