Tonsefe timachita mantha ndi nthawi imeneyi pamene mwana amayamba kukula ndipo dziko lozungulira limasintha. Kodi m'badwo uno nthawi zonse "wovuta" komanso momwe mungagonjetsere makolo ndi ana, akutero mphunzitsi wosamala Alexander Ross-Johnson.
Ambiri a ife timaona kuti kutha msinkhu ndi tsoka lachilengedwe, tsunami ya mahomoni. Kusadziletsa kwa achinyamata, kusinthasintha kwamalingaliro, kukwiya komanso kufuna kutenga zoopsa ...
M'mawonetseredwe a unyamata, tikuwona "zowawa zokulirapo" zomwe mwana aliyense ayenera kuzipeza, ndipo panthawiyi ndi bwino kuti makolo abisale kwinakwake ndikudikirira mphepo yamkuntho.
Tikuyembekezera mwachidwi nthawi imene mwanayo ayamba kukhala ngati munthu wamkulu. Koma maganizo amenewa ndi olakwika, chifukwa tikuyang’ana kudzera mwa mwana wamwamuna kapena wamkazi weniweni pamaso pathu pa munthu wamkulu wopeka wa m’tsogolo. Wachinyamatayo amamva ndipo amatsutsa.
Kupanduka m’njira zosiyanasiyana n’kosapeŵekadi panthaŵi ino. Zina mwa zomwe zimayambitsa thupi ndikukonzanso mu prefrontal cortex. Ili ndi gawo la ubongo lomwe limagwirizanitsa ntchito zamadipatimenti ake osiyanasiyana, komanso limayang'anira kudzidziwitsa, kukonzekera, kudziletsa. Chifukwa chake, wachichepere panthaŵi ina sangathe kudziletsa (amafuna chinthu china, amachita china, akutero chachitatu)1.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, ntchito ya prefrontal cortex ikukhala bwino, koma kuthamanga kwa njirayi kumadalira kwambiri momwe wachinyamata masiku ano amachitira ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu komanso mtundu wanji wa chiyanjano chomwe adayambitsa ali mwana.2.
Kuganiza zolankhula ndi kutchula zakukhosi kungathandize achinyamata kuyatsa prefrontal cortex yawo.
Wachinyamata yemwe ali ndi mtundu wotetezedwa amakhala wosavuta kufufuza dziko lapansi ndikupanga maluso ofunikira: kuthekera kosiya zachikale, kuthekera komvera chisoni, kuzindikira komanso kuyanjana kwabwino ndi anthu, kukhala ndi khalidwe lolimba mtima. Ngati kufunikira kwa chisamaliro ndi kuyandikana kwa ubwana sikunakhutitsidwe, ndiye kuti wachinyamatayo amasonkhanitsa kupsinjika maganizo, zomwe zimawonjezera mikangano ndi makolo.
Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe munthu wamkulu angachite muzochitika zotere ndikukambirana ndi mwanayo, kumuphunzitsa kukhala ndi moyo panopa, kudziyang'ana yekha kuchokera pano ndi tsopano popanda chiweruzo. Kuti achite izi, makolo ayeneranso kusuntha maganizo awo kuchokera m'tsogolo mpaka pano: kukhala omasuka kukambirana nkhani zilizonse ndi wachinyamatayo, kusonyeza chidwi chenicheni pa zomwe zikuchitika kwa iye, osati kupereka zigamulo.
Mukhoza kufunsa mwana wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, kupereka kuti afotokoze zomwe anamva, momwe zinawonekera m'thupi (zotupa pakhosi, nkhonya zomangika, zoyamwa m'mimba), zomwe akumva tsopano akamalankhula za zomwe zinachitika.
Ndibwino kuti makolo aziyang'anira momwe akumvera - kumvera chisoni, koma osati kudzikondweretsa okha kapena wachinyamata pofotokoza zakukhosi kapena kukangana. Kukambirana moganizira komanso kutchula zomwe akukhudzidwa (zosangalatsa, zododometsa, nkhawa ...) zidzathandiza wachinyamatayo "kuyatsa" prefrontal cortex.
Mwa kulankhulana motere, makolo adzalimbikitsa chidaliro mwa mwanayo, ndipo pa neurolevel, ntchito ya mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo idzagwirizanitsidwa mofulumira, zomwe ndizofunikira pazidziwitso zovuta: zilandiridwe, chifundo, ndi kufufuza tanthauzo. cha moyo.
1 Kuti mudziwe zambiri pa izi, onani D. Siegel, The Growing Brain (MYTH, 2016).
2 J. Bowlby "Kupanga ndi kuwononga zomangira maganizo" (Canon +, 2014).