Buku la "Introduction to Psychology". Olemba - RL Atkinson, RS Atkinson, EE Smith, DJ Boehm, S. Nolen-Hoeksema. Pansi pa ukonzi wamkulu wa VP Zinchenko. 15th edition international, St. Petersburg, Prime Eurosign, 2007.
Nkhani ya mutu 14. Kupsinjika maganizo, kupirira ndi thanzi
Nkhani yolembedwa ndi Neil D. Weinstein, Rutgers University
Kodi ndinu okonda kumwa mowa kwambiri kuposa anthu ena? Nanga bwanji za mwayi wanu wotenga matenda opatsirana mwa kugonana kapena kudwala matenda a mtima? Si anthu ambiri omwe amafunsidwa mafunsowa omwe amavomereza kuti ali ndi chiopsezo choposa chiwopsezo. Kawirikawiri, 50-70% mwa omwe adafunsidwa amanena kuti chiopsezo chawo ndi chocheperapo, ena 30-50% amati ali ndi chiopsezo chapakati, ndipo osachepera 10% amavomereza kuti chiopsezo chawo chili pamwamba pa pafupifupi.
Zoonadi, zonse sizili choncho nkomwe. Mutha kukhala ndi mwayi wocheperako woti mukhale ndi vuto la mtima, koma pali anthu ambiri omwe amati izi ndi zolondola. Munthu "wapakati", mwa kutanthauzira, ali ndi "chiwopsezo" chambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakakhala anthu ochulukirapo omwe amafotokoza kuchuluka kwawo pachiwopsezo kuposa omwe amati kuchuluka kwawo kwachiwopsezo kuli pamwamba pa avareji, ndizotheka kuti oyambawo ali ndi chiwopsezo chokondera.
Umboni umasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri amene zochita zawo, mbiri ya banja lawo kapena malo awo okhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu mwina sakumvetsa kapena kuvomereza konse. Kaŵirikaŵiri, tinganene kuti anthu ali ndi chiyembekezo chosayenerera ponena za ngozi zamtsogolo. Chiyembekezo chosayembekezereka chimenechi chimakhala champhamvu makamaka pankhani ya zoopsa zomwe zili pansi pa ulamuliro wa munthu, monga uchidakwa, khansa ya m'mapapo ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Mwachionekere, tili otsimikiza kotheratu kuti tidzapambana kwambiri m’kupeŵa mavuto ameneŵa kuposa anzathu.
Chiyembekezo chosayembekezereka chimasonyeza kuti sitingakhale opanda tsankho ndi osachita zinthu mosalingalira bwino pankhani ya ngozi. Timafuna kudziwitsidwa ndikupanga zisankho zoyenera, komabe timamva ngati tikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, palibe kusintha komwe kumafunikira, ndipo sitiyenera kuda nkhawa. Tsoka ilo, kufuna kuwona chilichonse mu pinki kungayambitse mavuto ambiri. Ngati zonse zili bwino, sitifunika kusamala. Tikhoza kupitiriza kuledzera ndi abwenzi, kudya pizza, nyama yokazinga ndi hamburgers monga momwe tikufunira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito makondomu okha ndi ogonana nawo omwe timawaona kuti ndi achiwerewere (chodabwitsa, sitiganiza kawirikawiri kuti onse ali otero). Nthawi zambiri, zizolowezi zowopsa sizitibweretsera mavuto, koma zimatha kuchitika. Mamiliyoni a ophunzira aku koleji amene chaka chilichonse amayambukiridwa mwa kugonana kapena kuchita ngozi zapamsewu atamwa moŵa mopambanitsa ali zitsanzo zoonekeratu za anthu amene amachita zinthu zimene akudziŵa kuti n’zangozi. Koma iwo anaganiza kuti zikhala bwino. Uku si umbuli, ichi ndi chiyembekezo chosatheka.
Chitsanzo chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri ndicho kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha ophunzira aku koleji amene amasuta fodya. Zonyenga zosiyanasiyana zimawathandiza kuti azikhala omasuka. Adzasuta kwa zaka zingapo ndikusiya (ena akhoza kukhala ogwidwa, koma osati iwo). Mwina sasuta ndudu zamphamvu kapena samakoka mpweya. Iwo amachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe amalipira kuvulaza kwa kusuta. Osuta satsutsa kuti ndudu ndi zovulaza. Amangokhulupirira kuti ndudu si zoopsa kwa iwo. Kaŵirikaŵiri amanena kuti chiwopsezo chawo chotenga matenda a mtima, khansa ya m’mapapo, kapena emphysema n’chochepa kwambiri kuposa osuta ena ndipo chimakhala chokwera pang’ono kusiyana ndi osasuta.
Kukhala ndi chiyembekezo kuli ndi ubwino wake. Anthu akadwala kwambiri komanso akulimbana ndi matenda monga khansa kapena Edzi, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Zimathandiza kupirira chithandizo chosasangalatsa, ndipo kukhala ndi maganizo abwino kungathandize thupi kulimbana ndi matenda. Koma ngakhale chiyembekezo chachikulu sichingapangitse munthu wodwala matenda ashuga kukhulupirira kuti sakudwala, kapena kusiya chithandizo. Komabe, ngozi yokhudzana ndi chiyembekezo chosayembekezereka imawonjezeka pamene vuto liri loletsa kuvulaza. Ngati mumakhulupirira kuti mutha kuyendetsa galimoto mutamwa mowa usiku, kapena kuti palibe aliyense wa ogonana nawo omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana, kapena kuti, mosiyana ndi anzanu a m'kalasi, mukhoza kusiya kusuta nthawi iliyonse, chiyembekezo chanu chosatheka chitha kukhala chotheka. kukupatsirani mavuto azaumoyo omwe angakupangitseni kunong'oneza khalidwe lanu.
Chiyembekezo chosayembekezereka chingakhale chabwino pa thanzi lanu
Kodi kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chopanda chiyembekezo n'koipa pa thanzi lanu? Poyamba, zikuwoneka kuti ziyenera kukhala zovulaza. Kupatula apo, ngati anthu amakhulupirira kuti sangakumane ndi mavuto kuyambira kuwola kwa mano mpaka matenda amtima, kodi siziyenera kukhala cholepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi? Umboni wokwanira ukusonyeza kuti anthu ambiri amakayikira kwambiri thanzi lawo. Koma zivute zitani, chiyembekezo chosatheka chimaoneka kukhala chabwino pa thanzi lanu. Onani →
Chapter 15
M’mutu uno tiona nkhani za anthu ena amene akudwala matenda aakulu a m’maganizo, ndipo tikambirana za odwala amene amakhala ndi moyo umene umawononga umunthu wawo. Onani →