Khunyu ndi matenda okhudza ubongo omwe amachititsa kuti ubongo ukhale ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Zimakhudza kwambiri ana, achinyamata ndi okalamba mosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimakhala nthawi zina chibadwa, koma nthawi zambiri sizidziwika.

Tanthauzo la khunyu

Khunyu imadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwamagetsi muubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kusokonezeka kwakanthawi kwa kulumikizana pakati pa minyewa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo waufupi. Zitha kuchitika m'dera linalake la ubongo kapena lonse. Mitsempha yachilendo iyi imatha kuyeza panthawi ya a electroencephalogram (EEG), mayeso omwe amalemba ntchito zaubongo.

Mosiyana ndi zomwe munthu angaganize, a khunyu amagwa sizimayendera limodzi ndi kugwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka. Zingakhaledi zosachititsa chidwi kwambiri. Pambuyo pake amawonetseredwa ndi zomverera zachilendo (monga kununkhiza kapena kumva kuyerekezera zinthu m'makutu, ndi zina zotero) kapena popanda kutaya chidziwitso, ndi mawonetseredwe osiyanasiyana, monga kuyang'anitsitsa kokhazikika kapena manja obwerezabwereza.

Zofunika: zovuta ziyenera kubwereza kotero kuti ndi khunyu. Choncho, pokhala ndi khunyu limodzi la khunyu m’moyo wake sizitanthauza kuti tili ndi khunyu. Pamafunika osachepera awiri kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi khunyu. Kukomoka kwa khunyu kumatha kuwonekera nthawi zingapo: kuvulala mutu, meningitis, sitiroko, kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusiya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, etc.

Zimayambitsa

Pafupifupi 60% ya milandu, madokotala sangathe kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa khunyu. Zimaganiziridwa kuti pafupifupi 10% mpaka 15% ya milandu yonse ingakhale ndi gawo cholowa popeza matenda a khunyu akuoneka kuti afala kwambiri m’mabanja ena. Ofufuza agwirizanitsa mitundu ina ya khunyu ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa majini angapo. Kwa anthu ambiri, majini ndi mbali chabe ya zomwe zimayambitsa khunyu. Majini ena amatha kupangitsa munthu kukhala wosamala kwambiri ndi chilengedwe chomwe chimayambitsa khunyu.

Nthawi zambiri, khunyu imatha chifukwa cha chotupa muubongo, zotsatira za sitiroko, kapena kuvulala kwina ku ubongo. Zowonadi, chilonda chimatha kupanga mu cerebral cortex, mwachitsanzo, ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito a ma neuron. Dziwani kuti pakhoza kutha zaka zingapo pakati pa ngoziyo ndi kuyamba kwa khunyu. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti kuti pakhale khunyu, khunyu iyenera kuchitika mobwerezabwereza osati kamodzi kokha. Stroke ndi yomwe imayambitsa khunyu mwa akuluakulu opitilira zaka 35.

Matenda opatsirana. Matenda opatsirana, monga meningitis, AIDS, ndi mavairasi encephalitis, angayambitse khunyu.

Kuvulala asanabadwe. Ana asanabadwe, ubongo wake ukhoza kuwonongeka chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, monga matenda a mayi, kusadya bwino, kapena mpweya wokwanira. Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kumeneku kungayambitse khunyu kapena cerebral palsy.

Kusokonezeka kwachitukuko. Khunyu nthawi zina zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi zovuta zakukula, monga autism ndi neurofibromatosis.

Ndani akukhudzidwa?

Ku North America, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa anthu 1 alionse ali ndi khunyu. Kuchokera matenda amitsempha, ndizofala kwambiri, pambuyo pa mutu waching'alang'ala. Kufikira 10% ya anthu padziko lapansi amatha kukomoka kamodzi pa nthawi inayake pamoyo wawo.

Ngakhale zikhoza kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse, ndikhunyu Kawirikawiri zimachitika paubwana kapena unyamata, kapena pambuyo pa zaka 65. Okalamba, kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko kumawonjezera chiopsezo.

Mitundu ya khunyu

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khunyu:

• kukomoka pang'ono, kumangokhala kudera linalake la ubongo; wodwalayo akhoza kukhala ozindikira panthawi ya kugwidwa (kugwidwa pang'ono pang'ono) kapena chidziwitso chake chingasinthidwe (kugwidwa pang'onopang'ono). Pamapeto pake, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri samakumbukira kukomoka kwake.
• kukomoka kwanthawi zonse, kufalikira kumadera onse a ubongo. Wodwalayo amataya chikumbumtima akamagwidwa.

Nthawi zina kukomoka, poyamba pang'ono, kumafalikira ku ubongo wonse ndipo motero kumakhala kofala. Mtundu wa kumverera komwe kumamveka panthawi yogwidwa kumapatsa dokotala chidziwitso cha komwe ukuchokera (lobe yakutsogolo, lobe temporal, etc.).

Kukomoka kumatha kukhala koyambira:

• Idiopathic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chodziwikiratu.
• Symptomatic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dokotala amadziwa chifukwa chake. Akhozanso kukayikira chifukwa chake, osachizindikira.

Pali mafotokozedwe atatu a khunyu, kutengera gawo la ubongo pomwe ntchito yogwira idayambira:

Kukomoka pang'ono

Amangokhala kudera loletsedwa la ubongo.

• Kukomoka pang'ono pang'ono (omwe poyamba ankatchedwa "focal seizures"). Kuukira kumeneku kumatenga mphindi zochepa. Pakukomoka pang'ono pang'ono, munthuyo amakhalabe chidziwitso.

  Zizindikiro zimadalira dera la ubongo lomwe lakhudzidwa. Munthuyo amatha kumva kunjenjemera, kugwedezeka kosalamulirika m'mbali iliyonse ya thupi, kumva kununkhiza, zowonera kapena kulawa, kapena kuwonetsa kutengeka kosadziwika bwino.

Zizindikiro za kukomoka pang'ono pang'ono kumatha kusokonezedwa ndi matenda ena amisala, monga mutu waching'alang'ala, wokomoka, kapena matenda amisala. Kuwunika mosamala ndi kuyezetsa ndikofunikira kuti tisiyanitse khunyu ndi matenda ena.

• Kukomoka pang'ono kovutirapo (omwe poyamba ankatchedwa "psychomotor seizures"). Pa kukomoka pang'ono kovutirapo, munthuyo amakhala mumkhalidwe wosintha.

  Sayankha kukondoweza ndipo maso ake amakhala okhazikika. Akhoza kukhala ndi zochita zokha, kutanthauza kuti amachita zinthu zongobwerezabwereza mwachisawawa monga kukoka zovala zake, kugwedera mano, ndi zina zotero. Vutoli likatha, sadzakumbukira konse kapena pang’ono zimene zinachitika. Akhoza kusokonezeka kapena kugona.

Kukomoka kwanthawi zonse

Kugwidwa kotereku kumakhudza ubongo wonse.

• Kusapezeka kwanthawi zonse. Izi ndi zomwe kale zinkatchedwa "choipa chaching'ono". Kuukira koyamba kwa mtundu uwu wa khunyu nthawi zambiri kumachitika ali mwana, kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 10. Amatha masekondi angapo ndipo akhoza kutsagana ndi kugwedezeka kwachidule kwa zikope. Munthuyo amasiya kukhudzana ndi chilengedwe chake, koma amasunga minofu yake. Oposa 90% ya ana omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa khunyu amapita ku chikhululukiro kuyambira zaka 12.
• Toniciclonic khunyu. Iwo nthawi ina ankatchedwa "choipa chachikulu". Kukomoka kumeneku ndi kumene nthawi zambiri kumayendera limodzi ndi khunyu chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi. Kugwidwa nthawi zambiri kumatenga mphindi zosachepera 2. Zili choncho kukomoka kwamtundu uliwonse Zomwe zimachitika m'magawo awiri: tonic kenako clonic.

  - Pa gawo zosangalatsa, munthuyo akhoza kulira kenako n’kukomoka. Kenako thupi lake limauma ndipo nsagwada zake zimalimba. Gawoli nthawi zambiri limatenga masekondi osachepera 30.

  - Ndiye, mu gawo clonic, munthuyo amayamba kugwedezeka (kusalamulirika, kugwedezeka kwa minofu). Kupuma, kotsekedwa kumayambiriro kwa kuukira, kumatha kukhala kosakhazikika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwana miniti imodzi.

  Kukomokako kukatha, minofu imamasuka, kuphatikizapo ya m’chikhodzodzo ndi m’matumbo. Pambuyo pake, munthuyo akhoza kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka, kumva mutu komanso kufuna kugona. Zotsatirazi zimakhala ndi nthawi yosiyana, kuyambira mphindi makumi awiri mpaka maola angapo. Kupweteka kwa minofu nthawi zina kumapitirira kwa masiku angapo.

• Mavuto a myocloniques. Nthawi zambiri, amawonekera mwadzidzidzi kugwedeza manja ndi miyendo. Kugwidwa kotereku kumatenga mphindi imodzi mpaka masekondi pang'ono malinga ndi kugwedezeka kumodzi kapena kugwedezeka kotsatizana. Nthawi zambiri samayambitsa chisokonezo.
• Mavuto a Atonic. Pa izi zachilendo khunyu munthu kugwa mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha kutayika kwadzidzidzi kwa minofu. Patangopita masekondi angapo, adatsitsimuka. Amatha kudzuka ndi kuyenda.

Zotsatira zotheka

Kukomoka kungayambitse kuvulala ngati munthuyo alephera kulamulira mayendedwe ake.

Anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu amathanso kukumana ndi zovuta zamaganizidwe zomwe zimayambitsidwa, mwa zina, chifukwa cha kusadziŵika bwino kwa khunyu, tsankho, zotsatira zosayenera za mankhwala, ndi zina zotero.

Kukomoka komwe kumatenga nthawi yayitali kapena sikutha kubwereranso ku mkhalidwe wabwinobwino kuyenera kuchitika kuthandizidwa mwachangu. Zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zazikulu zotsatira za neurological pa msinkhu uliwonse. Zoonadi, m’kati mwamavuto aakulu, mbali zina za ubongo zimasoŵa mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kumatha kuchitidwa ndi ma neurons chifukwa chotulutsa zinthu zosangalatsa komanso ma catecholamines okhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Kukomoka kwina kumatha kupha. Chochitikacho ndi chosowa komanso chosadziwika. Ili ndi dzina la ” imfa yadzidzidzi, yosayembekezereka komanso yosadziŵika bwino mu khunyu (MSIE). Amakhulupirira kuti kukomoka kumatha kusintha kugunda kwa mtima kapena kusiya kupuma. Chiwopsezocho chingakhale chachikulu mwa odwala khunyu omwe kukomoka kwawo sikunachiritsidwe bwino.

Kukhala ndi khunyu nthawi zina kungakhale koopsa kwa inuyo kapena kwa ena.

Kugwa. Mukagwa panthawi yogwidwa, mukhoza kuvulaza mutu wanu kapena kuthyola fupa.

Kumira. Ngati muli ndi khunyu, muli ndi mwayi womira nthawi 15 mpaka 19 mukamasambira kapena mubafa kuposa anthu ena onse chifukwa cha chiopsezo chogwidwa m'madzi.

Ngozi zamagalimoto. Kukomoka komwe kumayambitsa kukomoka kapena kuwongolera kungakhale kowopsa ngati mukuyendetsa galimoto. Mayiko ena ali ndi ziletso zamalayisensi oyendetsa galimoto okhudzana ndi kuthekera kwanu kuwongolera kugwidwa.

Mavuto azaumoyo. Anthu amene ali ndi khunyu amakhala ndi vuto la m’maganizo, makamaka kuvutika maganizo, kuda nkhawa komanso nthawi zina amafuna kudzipha. Mavutowa amatha chifukwa cha zovuta zokhudzana ndi matendawa komanso zotsatira za mankhwala.

Mfundo zothandiza

Kawirikawiri, ngati munthuyo akusamalidwa bwino, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino zoletsa zina. Mwachitsanzo, a kuyendetsa galimoto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono kapena makina mkati mwa dongosolo la ntchito akhoza kuletsedwa kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo. Ngati munthu amene ali ndi khunyu sanakomoke kwa nthawi ndithu, dokotala angaonenso mmene zinthu zilili pa moyo wake n’kumupatsa kalata yothetsa zoletsa zimenezi.

Epilepsy Canada imakumbutsa anthu omwe ali ndikhunyu kukomoka kochepa potsogolera a moyo wokangalika. "Izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuwalimbikitsa kuyang'ana ntchito", tikhoza kuwerenga pa webusaiti yawo.

Kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali

Khunyu imatha moyo wonse, koma anthu ena amene ali nayo m’kupita kwa nthawi sadzakhalanso ndi khunyu. Akatswiri akuyerekeza kuti pafupifupi 60% ya anthu osalandira chithandizo sakhalanso ndi khunyu m'miyezi 24 kuchokera pamene adagwidwa koyamba.

Kukhala ndi khunyu koyamba mudakali aang'ono kumawoneka kuti kumalimbikitsa chikhululukiro. Pafupifupi 70% amapita ku chikhululukiro kwa zaka 5 (palibe kukomoka kwa zaka 5).

Pafupifupi 20 mpaka 30 peresenti amakhala ndi khunyu yosatha (khunyu yanthawi yayitali).

Kwa 70% mpaka 80% ya anthu omwe matendawa amapitilira, mankhwala amatha kuthetsa kugwidwa.

Ofufuza a ku Britain anena kuti imfa imachuluka kuwirikiza ka 11 mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu kusiyana ndi anthu ena onse. Olembawo anawonjezera kuti chiopsezo chimakhala chokulirapo ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi khunyu alinso ndi matenda amisala. Kudzipha, ngozi ndi ziwawa zinapangitsa 16% ya imfa zachiyambi; Ambiri anapezeka ndi vuto la maganizo.