M’mayiko ambiri, zinthu zimene amati ndi zachilengedwe zimakula kwambiri moti anthu amakana kudya nyama potsutsa kuweta ziweto m’mafakitale. Kugwirizana m'magulu ndi mayendedwe, omenyera zamasamba achilengedwe amachita ntchito yophunzitsa, kuwonetsa zoopsa zaulimi wamafakitale kwa ogula, kufotokoza kuvulaza komwe minda ya fakitale imayambitsa chilengedwe.
Kutsanzikana abusa
Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndi chiyani chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ukhale mumlengalenga wa Dziko Lapansi, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi womwe umayambitsa kutentha kwa dziko? Ngati mukuganiza kuti magalimoto kapena utsi wamakampani ndiwo umayambitsa, ndiye kuti mukulakwitsa. Malinga ndi lipoti la US Agricultural and Food Security Report, lofalitsidwa m’chaka cha 2006, ng’ombe ndizomwe zimatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha m’dzikoli. Iwo, monga momwe zinakhalira, tsopano "amapanga" mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi 18% kuposa magalimoto onse pamodzi.
Ngakhale ulimi wamakono wa ziweto umapangitsa 9% yokha ya CO2 ya anthropogenic, imapanga 65% ya nitric oxide, yomwe imathandizira ku greenhouse effect ndi nthawi 265 kuposa ya CO2 yomweyi, ndi 37% ya methane (chopereka chachiwirichi. ndi kuchulukitsa nthawi 23). Mavuto ena okhudzana ndi ulimi wa ziweto zamakono ndi monga kuwonongeka kwa nthaka, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mopitirira muyeso, ndi kuwononga madzi apansi ndi madzi. Kodi zinatheka bwanji kuti kuweta nyama, kumene poyamba kunali kogwirizana ndi chilengedwe cha zochita za anthu (ng’ombe zinadya udzu, ndipo zinauikanso feteleza), kunayamba kuopseza zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi?
Chifukwa china n’chakuti pa zaka 50 zapitazi, anthu amadya nyama pa munthu aliyense. Ndipo popeza chiwerengero cha anthu chinawonjezeka kwambiri panthawiyi, chiwerengero cha nyama chinawonjezeka kasanu. Zoonadi, tikukamba za zizindikiro zapakati - makamaka, m'mayiko ena, nyama, monga momwe zinalili mlendo wosowa patebulo, yatsalira, pamene ena, kumwa kwawonjezeka nthawi zambiri. Malinga ndi zolosera, mu 5-2000. Kukula kwa nyama padziko lonse kudzakwera kuchoka pa matani 2050 kufika pa 229 miliyoni pachaka. Gawo lalikulu la nyama iyi ndi ng'ombe. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, pafupifupi matani 465 miliyoni amadyedwa chaka chilichonse.
Mosasamala kanthu za mmene njala ikukulira, anthu sakanatha kupeza madyerero oterowo ngati ng’ombe ndi zamoyo zina zogwiritsiridwa ntchito monga chakudya zikanapitirizabe kuŵetedwa m’njira yachikale, ndiko kuti mwa kudyetsera ng’ombe m’malo odyetserako madzi ndi kulola mbalame kuyenda. momasuka kuzungulira mayadi. Mlingo wapano wakudya nyama watheka chifukwa chakuti m'maiko otukuka, nyama zaulimi zasiya kuwonedwa ngati zamoyo, koma zayamba kuwonedwa ngati zopangira zomwe zimafunikira kufinya phindu lochulukirapo momwe zingathere. m'nthawi yochepa kwambiri komanso pamtengo wotsika kwambiri. .
Chodabwitsa chomwe chidzakambidwe ku Ulaya ndi United States chimatchedwa "factory farming" - ulimi wamtundu wa fakitale. Mawonekedwe a njira ya fakitale yoweta nyama kumayiko akumadzulo ndi kusanja kwambiri, kudyeredwa masuku pamutu ndi kunyalanyaza mfundo zoyambira zamakhalidwe. Chifukwa cha kuchulukiraku kwa kupanga uku, nyama idasiya kukhala yapamwamba ndipo idapezeka kwa anthu ambiri. Komabe, nyama yotsika mtengo ili ndi mtengo wake, womwe sungathe kuyesedwa ndi ndalama zilizonse. Amalipidwa ndi nyama, ndi ogula nyama, ndi dziko lathu lonse.
Ng'ombe yaku America
Ku United States kuli ng’ombe zambiri moti ngati zitatulutsidwa m’minda nthawi imodzi, sipakanakhalanso malo okhala anthu. Koma ng’ombe zimathera gawo limodzi la moyo wawo m’munda—kaŵirikaŵiri miyezi ingapo (koma nthaŵi zina zaka zingapo, ngati muli ndi mwayi). Kenako amasamutsidwa kupita kumalo onenepa. Pamalo odyetserako chakudya, zinthu zasintha kale. Pano, ntchito yosavuta komanso yovuta ikuchitika - m'miyezi ingapo kubweretsa nyama ya ng'ombe kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi kukoma koyenera kwa wogula. Pazigawo zonenepa zomwe nthawi zina zimatalika makilomita ambiri, ng'ombe zimakhala zodzaza, zolemera thupi, zimafika m'mawondo mu manyowa, ndipo zimadya chakudya chochuluka kwambiri, chokhala ndi tirigu, mafupa ndi nsomba ndi zinthu zina zodyedwa.
Zakudya zotere, zokhala ndi zomanga thupi zochulukirapo komanso zokhala ndi mapuloteni amtundu wa nyama zomwe sizikuyenda bwino m'matumbo a ng'ombe, zimapangitsa kuti matumbo a nyama azilemetsa kwambiri ndipo amathandizira kuti pakhale mphamvu yowotchera mwachangu ndikupanga methane yomwe tatchulayi. Kuonjezera apo, kuwonongeka kwa manyowa opangidwa ndi mapuloteni kumayendera limodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa nitric oxide.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, 33 peresenti ya malo olimapo padziko lapansi pano tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima mbewu za ziweto. Pa nthawi yomweyi, 20% ya malo odyetserako ziweto akukumana ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nthaka chifukwa cha kudya udzu wochuluka, kugundana kwa ziboda ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Akuti zimatengera 1 kg ya tirigu kuti ikule 16 kg ya ng'ombe ku United States. Pamene msipu wosiyidwa ndi woyenera kudyedwa ndi kudyedwa kwambiri nyama, m'pamenenso mbewuzo siziyenera kufesedwa anthu, koma ziweto.
Chinthu chinanso chimene chiweto chimadya mofulumira kwambiri ndi madzi. Ngati zimatengera malita 550 kuti apange mkate wa tirigu, ndiye kuti pamafunika malita 100 kuti akule ndikukonza 7000 g ya ng'ombe m'mafakitale (malinga ndi akatswiri a UN pa zinthu zongowonjezwdwa). Pafupifupi madzi ochuluka omwe munthu wosamba tsiku lililonse amatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Chotsatira chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa nyama zokaphedwa pamafamu akuluakulu a fakitale lakhala vuto lamayendedwe. Tiyenera kunyamula chakudya kupita ku minda, ndi ng'ombe kuchokera kubusa kupita kumalo onenepa, ndi nyama kuchokera ku malo ophera nyama kupita kumalo opangira nyama. Makamaka, 70% ya ng'ombe zonse za nyama ku United States zimaphedwa m'malo ophera nyama zazikulu 22, pomwe nyama nthawi zina zimasamutsidwa mtunda wa makilomita mazana ambiri. Pali nthabwala yomvetsa chisoni kuti ng'ombe za ku America zimadya makamaka mafuta. Zowonadi, kuti mupeze mapuloteni a nyama pa calorie, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 1 calories yamafuta (poyerekeza: 28 calorie yamafuta a masamba amafunikira 1 calories yokha yamafuta).
Mankhwala othandizira
N'zoonekeratu kuti palibe funso la thanzi la nyama zomwe zili ndi mafakitale - kuchulukana, zakudya zopanda thanzi, kupsinjika maganizo, zosayenera, zikanapulumuka mpaka kuphedwa. Koma ngakhale izi zikanakhala ntchito yovuta ngati chemistry sinathandize anthu. Zikatero, njira yokhayo yochepetsera imfa ya ziweto kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mowolowa manja kwa maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amachitidwa mwamtheradi pamafamu onse ogulitsa mafakitale. Kuphatikiza apo, ku US, mahomoni amaloledwa mwalamulo, ntchito yomwe ndi kufulumizitsa "kucha" kwa nyama, kuchepetsa mafuta ake ndikupereka mawonekedwe osakhwima ofunikira.
Ndipo m'madera ena a gawo la ziweto ku US, chithunzichi ndi chofanana. Mwachitsanzo, nkhumba zimasungidwa m’makola ang’onoang’ono. Nkhumba zomwe zimayembekezeredwa m'mafamu ambiri a fakitale zimayikidwa m'makhola a 0,6 × 2 m, kumene sangathe ngakhale kutembenuka, ndipo pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa ana amangiriridwa pansi pamtunda.
Ana a ng'ombe omwe amapita kukadya amawaika m'makola ocheperako omwe amalepheretsa kuyenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu iwonongeke ndipo nyamayo imakhala yosalimba kwambiri. Nkhuku "zophatikizana" m'makola amitundu yambiri kotero kuti zimalephera kusuntha.
Ku Europe, nyama ndi yabwinoko kuposa ku USA. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ndi maantibayotiki ena ndikoletsedwa pano, komanso mazenera ochepera a ng'ombe. Dziko la UK lathetsa kale ma khola ocheperako a nkhumba ndipo akufuna kuwachotsa pofika chaka cha 2013 ku continental Europe. Komabe, ku USA ndi ku Europe, popanga nyama zamafakitale (komanso mkaka ndi mazira), mfundo yayikulu imakhalabe yofanana - kupeza zinthu zambiri momwe mungathere kuchokera pa mita imodzi iliyonse, osanyalanyaza zikhalidwe. za nyama.
Pansi pazimenezi, kupanga kumadalira kwathunthu "zipangizo zamakina" - mahomoni, maantibayotiki, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zina zotero, chifukwa njira zina zonse zowonjezera zokolola ndi kusunga zinyama kukhala ndi thanzi labwino zimakhala zopanda phindu.
Mahomoni pa mbale
Ku United States, mahomoni asanu ndi limodzi tsopano amaloledwa mwalamulo ng’ombe za ng’ombe. Awa ndi mahomoni atatu achilengedwe - estradiol, progesterone ndi testosterone, komanso mahomoni atatu opanga - zeranol (amakhala ngati mahomoni ogonana achikazi), melengestrol acetate (hormone yapakati) ndi trenbolone acetate (hormone yogonana amuna). Mahomoni onse, kupatulapo melengestrol, omwe amawonjezedwa ku chakudya, amabayidwa m'makutu a nyama, kumene amakhala moyo wonse, mpaka kuphedwa.
Mpaka 1971, hormone diethylstilbestrol idagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku United States, komabe, pamene kunapezeka kuti kumawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi zotupa zowopsa ndipo zingasokoneze ntchito yobereka ya mwana wosabadwayo (anyamata ndi atsikana), idaletsedwa. Ponena za mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, dziko lagawidwa m'magulu awiri. Ku EU ndi Russia, sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amaonedwa kuti ndi ovulaza, pamene ku USA amakhulupirira kuti nyama yokhala ndi mahomoni imatha kudyedwa popanda chiopsezo chilichonse. Ndani ali wolondola? Kodi mahomoni mu nyama ndi oopsa?
Zikuwoneka kuti zinthu zambiri zovulaza tsopano zimalowa m'thupi mwathu ndi chakudya, kodi ndi bwino kuopa mahomoni? Komabe, munthu ayenera kudziwa kuti mahomoni achilengedwe komanso opangidwa omwe amaikidwa pazinyama zaulimi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mahomoni amunthu ndipo amakhala ndi ntchito yofanana. Chifukwa chake, aku America onse, kupatula odyetsera zamasamba, akhala akulandira chithandizo chamankhwala chamtundu wina kuyambira ali mwana. Anthu aku Russia amachipezanso, popeza Russia imatumiza nyama kuchokera ku United States. Ngakhale, monga taonera kale, ku Russia, monga ku EU, kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni poweta ziweto ndikoletsedwa, kuyesa kwa mahomoni mu nyama yotumizidwa kuchokera kunja kumangochitika mwa kusankha, ndipo mahomoni achilengedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poweta nyama ndi ovuta kwambiri. kuti azindikire, popeza samasiyanitsidwa ndi mahomoni achilengedwe a thupi.
Inde, si mahomoni ambiri omwe amalowa m'thupi la munthu ndi nyama. Akuti munthu amene amadya 0,5 kg ya nyama patsiku amalandira 0,5 μg ya estradiol. Popeza kuti mahomoni onse amasungidwa m'mafuta ndi chiwindi, omwe amakonda nyama ndi chiwindi chokazinga amalandira pafupifupi 2-5 mlingo wa mahomoni.
Poyerekeza: piritsi limodzi loletsa kubereka lili ndi pafupifupi 30 micrograms ya estradiol. Monga mukuonera, mlingo wa mahomoni omwe amapezeka ndi nyama ndi ocheperapo kakhumi kuposa achire. Komabe, monga momwe kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyezera, ngakhale kupatuka pang'ono kuchokera kumagulu abwino a mahomoni kungakhudze thupi la thupi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tisasokoneze kuchuluka kwa mahomoni muubwana, chifukwa mwa ana omwe sanakwanitse kutha msinkhu, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana m'thupi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri (pafupi ndi zero) komanso kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa mahomoni ndikowopsa. Munthu ayeneranso kusamala ndi mphamvu ya mahomoni pa mwana wosabadwayo, chifukwa pakukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo, kukula kwa minofu ndi maselo kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amayezedwa ndendende.
Tsopano zikudziwika kuti chikoka cha mahomoni ndichofunika kwambiri panthawi yapadera ya chitukuko cha fetal - zomwe zimatchedwa mfundo zazikulu, pamene ngakhale kusinthasintha kochepa kwa ndende ya mahomoni kungayambitse zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Ndikofunikira kuti mahomoni onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poweta ziweto amadutsa bwino pachotchinga cha placenta ndikulowa m'magazi a mwana wosabadwayo. Koma, ndithudi, chodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri ndi zotsatira za carcinogenic za mahomoni. Zimadziwika kuti mahomoni ogonana amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mitundu yambiri ya maselo otupa, monga khansa ya m'mawere mwa amayi (estradiol) ndi khansa ya prostate mwa amuna (testosterone).
Komabe, kafukufuku wa epidemiological omwe amayerekeza kuchuluka kwa khansa mwa odya zamasamba ndi odya nyama ndizotsutsana. Maphunziro ena amasonyeza ubale womveka bwino, ena samatero.
Zambiri zochititsa chidwi zidapezedwa ndi asayansi ochokera ku Boston. Iwo adapeza kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi zotupa zomwe zimadalira mahomoni mwa akazi zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kudya nyama paubwana ndi unyamata. Ana akamadya zakudya zambiri, m'pamenenso amayamba kukhala ndi zotupa akakula. Ku United States, kumene nyama ya “hormonal” ndiyomwe ikudya kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, azimayi 40 amamwalira ndi khansa ya m’mawere chaka chilichonse ndipo anthu 180 amadwala matenda a khansa ya m’mawere.
Maantibayotiki
Ngati mahomoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa EU (makamaka mwalamulo), ndiye kuti maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito paliponse. Osati kungolimbana ndi mabakiteriya. Mpaka posachedwapa, mankhwala opha tizilombo ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ku Ulaya pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa nyama. Komabe, kuyambira 1997 adachotsedwa ntchito ndipo tsopano aletsedwa ku EU. Komabe, maantibayotiki achire amagwiritsidwabe ntchito. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza komanso pamlingo waukulu - apo ayi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyama, pali chiopsezo chakufalikira kwa matenda oopsa.
Maantibayotiki omwe amalowa m'malo okhala ndi manyowa ndi zinyalala zina amapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya osasintha omwe amawakaniza. Mitundu yolimbana ndi maantibayotiki ya Escherichia coli ndi Salmonella tsopano yadziwika kuti imayambitsa matenda oopsa mwa anthu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zopha.
Palinso chiwopsezo chanthawi zonse kuti chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chomwe chimabwera chifukwa choweta movutikira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki nthawi zonse kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mikhalidwe yabwino ya miliri yamatenda a virus monga matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa. Kuphulika kwakukulu kuwiri kwa matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa kunanenedwa ku UK ku 2001 ndi 2007 posakhalitsa EU italengeza malo opanda FMD ndipo alimi analoledwa kusiya katemera wa zinyama.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kutchula mankhwala ophera tizilombo - zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizirombo taulimi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi njira yamafakitale yopangira nyama, zinthu zonse zimapangidwira kudzikundikira muzomaliza. Choyamba, amawaza kwambiri nyama kuti athane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe, monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi, amakonda nyama zomwe zili ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, zomwe zimakhala m'matope komanso mopanikizana. Komanso, nyama zosungidwa m'mafamu a fakitale sizimadya udzu woyera, koma zimadyetsedwa tirigu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa m'minda yozungulira fakitale. Njere imeneyi imapezedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amalowa m'nthaka ndi manyowa ndi zinyalala, kumene amagweranso mumbewu ya chakudya.
Panthawiyi, tsopano zatsimikiziridwa kuti mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo ndi carcinogens ndipo amachititsa kuti mwana wosabadwayo awonongeke, amanjenje ndi matenda a khungu.
Poizoni Springs
Sizinapite pachabe kuti Hercules adayamikiridwa kuti amatsuka makola a Augean kuti achitepo kanthu. Nyama zambiri zodyera udzu, zitasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi, zimatulutsa manyowa ochuluka kwambiri. Ngati mu ziweto zachikhalidwe (zochuluka), manyowa amakhala ngati feteleza wamtengo wapatali (ndipo m'mayiko ena amakhalanso ngati mafuta), ndiye kuti mu ulimi wa ziweto za mafakitale ndizovuta.
Tsopano ku US, ziweto zimapanga zowonongeka nthawi 130 kuposa anthu onse. Monga lamulo, manyowa ndi zinyalala zina zochokera m'mafamu a fakitale zimasonkhanitsidwa muzitsulo zapadera, zomwe pansi pake zimakhala ndi zinthu zopanda madzi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri imasweka, ndipo panthawi ya kusefukira kwa masika, manyowa amalowa m'madzi apansi ndi mitsinje, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita kunyanja. Mafuta a nayitrojeni omwe amalowa m'madzi amathandizira kuti algae akule mofulumira, kuwononga mpweya wambiri ndikuthandizira kuti pakhale "madera akufa" ambiri m'nyanja, kumene nsomba zonse zimafa.
Mwachitsanzo, m'chilimwe cha 1999, ku Gulf of Mexico, kumene Mtsinje wa Mississippi ukuyenda, woipitsidwa ndi zinyalala za fakitale mazana ambiri, "dera lakufa" lomwe lili ndi malo pafupifupi 18 km2 linapangidwa. M'mitsinje yambiri yomwe ili pafupi ndi minda yayikulu ya ziweto ndi malo odyetserako ziweto ku United States, matenda a ubereki ndi hermaphroditism (kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro za amuna ndi akazi) nthawi zambiri amawonedwa mu nsomba. Milandu ndi matenda a anthu obwera chifukwa cha madzi apampopi oipitsidwa adziwika. M'madera omwe ng'ombe ndi nkhumba zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri, anthu amalangizidwa kuti asamwe madzi apampopi panthawi ya kusefukira kwa masika. Tsoka ilo, nsomba ndi nyama zakutchire sizingathe kutsatira machenjezo amenewa.
Kodi ndikofunikira "kugwira ndikupeza" Kumadzulo?
Pamene chifuniro cha nyama chikuwonjezereka, pali chiyembekezo chochepa chakuti ulimi wa ziweto udzabwerera ku nyengo yabwino, pafupifupi nthawi ya kuweta. Koma mikhalidwe yabwino imawonedwabe. Ku US ndi ku Ulaya, pali chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha anthu omwe amasamala za mankhwala omwe ali mu chakudya chawo komanso momwe amakhudzira thanzi lawo.
M’mayiko ambiri, zinthu zimene amati ndi zachilengedwe zimakula kwambiri moti anthu amakana kudya nyama potsutsa kuweta ziweto m’mafakitale. Kugwirizana m'magulu ndi mayendedwe, omenyera zamasamba achilengedwe amachita ntchito yophunzitsa, kuwonetsa zoopsa zaulimi wamafakitale kwa ogula, kufotokoza kuvulaza komwe minda ya fakitale imayambitsa chilengedwe.
Maganizo a madokotala pa zamasamba asinthanso m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Akatswiri azakudya zaku America amalimbikitsa kale kudya zamasamba ngati zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Kwa iwo omwe sangakane nyama, komanso safuna kudya zinthu za fakitale fakitale, pali kale kugulitsa zinthu zina kuchokera ku nyama ya nyama zolimidwa m'mafamu ang'onoang'ono popanda mahomoni, maantibayotiki ndi maselo ochepa.
Komabe, ku Russia zonse ndi zosiyana. Ngakhale kuti dziko lapansi likuwona kuti kudya zamasamba sikungokhala kwathanzi, komanso kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chilengedwe komanso zachuma kuposa kudya nyama, anthu a ku Russia akuyesera kuwonjezera kudya nyama. Kuti akwaniritse zosowa zomwe zikukula, nyama imatumizidwa kuchokera kunja, makamaka kuchokera ku USA, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia - maiko omwe kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni kumaloledwa, ndipo pafupifupi ziweto zonse zimapangidwira. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kuitana “kuphunzira kuchokera Kumadzulo ndi kulimbikitsa kuweta ziweto” kukukulirakulira.
Zowonadi, pali zikhalidwe zonse zosinthira ku ziweto zolimba zamafakitale ku Russia, kuphatikiza chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - kufunitsitsa kudya kuchuluka kwazinthu zanyama popanda kuganizira momwe amapezera. Kupanga mkaka ndi mazira ku Russia kwakhala kukuchitika molingana ndi mtundu wa fakitale (mawu oti "famu ya nkhuku" amadziwika kwa aliyense kuyambira ali mwana), zimangowonjezera kuphatikizika kwa nyama ndikulimbitsa mikhalidwe ya kukhalapo kwawo. Kupanga nkhuku za broiler kukukokedwa kale ku "miyezo yakumadzulo" potsata magawo ophatikizika komanso kuchulukirachulukira. Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuti dziko la Russia posachedwapa lifika ndikudutsa Kumadzulo pankhani yopanga nyama. Funso ndilakuti - pamtengo wanji?