Zamkatimu
Mabuku ake akhala akale, ndipo mafilimu ozikidwa pa iwo alowa mu thumba la golide la cinema yapadziko lonse. Januware 3 mafani a Tolkien amakondwerera tsiku lake lobadwa. Katswiri wamabanja a Jason Whiting amalankhula za chikondi chachikulu cha wolemba Chingerezi komanso mayi yemwe adakhala nyumba yake yosungiramo zinthu zakale kwa moyo wake wonse.
Ntchito za John Ronald Reuel Tolkien zimawerengedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Zokonda zake, ma gnomes ndi anthu ena osangalatsa asintha mawonekedwe a mabuku ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Koma tikudziwa chiyani za chikondi chachikulu m'moyo wake?
"Anali mwana wodabwitsa yemwe adawonetsa luso lodabwitsa. Ankakonda nthano ndi nthano, kusewera chess, kujambula zinjoka, ndipo anali atatulukira zinenero zingapo pofika zaka zisanu ndi zinayi,” anatero Jason Whiting, yemwe ndi katswiri wa zabanja, yemwe analemba buku lonena za maubwenzi. - Aliyense akudziwa kuti anali ndi mphatso, koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa zomwe Tolkien wachikondi yemwe anali wosasinthika anali. Buku lake lakuti Beren and Lúthien linatuluka mu 2017, patadutsa zaka zambiri wolembayo atamwalira, koma limafotokoza nkhani yomwe ili pamtima pake.” Ndi nkhani ya chikondi ndi kudzimana, youziridwa ndi chilakolako cha Tolkien kwa mkazi wake Edith.
Ubwenzi unasanduka chikondi
Tolkien anakulira ku England kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 pansi pa zovuta, atataya abambo ndi amayi ake mkati mwa unyamata. Potengedwa motsogozedwa ndi wansembe wachikatolika, Bambo Francis, Ronald wachichepere anali wosungulumwa ndipo adawonetsa chidwi cholingalira ndi kusinkhasinkha. Ali ndi zaka 16, iye ndi mchimwene wake anasamukira m’kanyumba kakang’ono. M’nyumba momwemo munali mtsikana amene anasintha moyo wa Ronald.
Edith Brett anali kale ndi zaka 19 panthawiyo. Anali ndi maso otuwa komanso luso loimba. Ronald anayamba kukondana kwambiri moti anachititsa kuti Edith azikondana. Nkhani ya ubwenzi wa mtsikanayo ndi abale Tolkien anayamba. Whiting akufotokoza mmene Ronald anatsegulira zenera ndi kutsitsa dengulo pa chingwe, ndipo Edith anaikamo zokhwasula-khwasula, kudyetsa ana amasiye. Mayi Faulkner, omwe amamuyang’anira mtsikanayo ayenera kuti anachita chidwi chonchi chifukwa chakuti Edith anali wochepa thupi komanso wamtali, ndipo kutalika kwake kunali masentimita 152 basi.
English Romeo ndi Juliet
Edith ndi Ronald ankathera nthawi yambiri ali limodzi. Iwo ankadziwa kuseketsa wina ndi mzake ndi kupusitsa ngati mwana - mwachitsanzo, atakumana m'chipinda cha tiyi padenga la nyumba ku Birmingham, adaponya zipewa za shuga m'zipewa za odutsa.
Kulankhulana kwawo kudasokoneza kwambiri Bambo Francis ndi Akazi a Faulkner omwe anali maso, omwe banjali lidawapatsa dzina loti "mayi wokalamba uyu." The Moral Guardian anaona kuti ubwenziwo ndi wosayenera ndipo anakhumudwa kuti Ronald walumpha sukulu. Okonda oyambitsa adabwera ndi mluzu wokhazikika, womwe umakhala ngati zizindikilo zoyimbira kuti mulankhule pamazenera usiku.
Zoonadi, zoletsa ndi zotchinga sizinawaletse, anangofunika kuyesetsa kuchita chiwembu. Pamapeto a mlungu wina, Ronald ndi Edith anagwirizana kuti adzakumane kumudzi. Ndipo ngakhale adasamala mpaka anabwerera padera koma wina wa anzawo adawawona ndikudziwitsa bambo Francis. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi yomweyi Tolkien analephera mayeso olowera ku Oxford, womuyang'anira adaumirira kuti apume ndi Edith ndipo pamapeto pake mnyamatayo anaika maganizo ake pa maphunziro ake.
Woyang'anirayo anali wagulu: Ronald sayenera kulumikizana ndi Edith m'zaka zitatu zikubwerazi
Komabe, zinali zosatheka kulekanitsa banjali, ndipo adakonzekeranso tsiku, adakumana mwachinsinsi, adakwera sitima ndikuthawira ku mzinda wina, komwe adapita ku sitolo yodzikongoletsera kuti akapatse mphatso za tsiku lobadwa la wina ndi mnzake - mtsikanayo adakwanitsa zaka 21, Ronald - 18. Koma ulendo unonso panali umboni ku msonkhano wawo, ndipo kachiwiri Bambo Francis anadziwa zonse. Nthawiyi anali wagulu: Ronald sayenera kulumikizana ndi Edith kwa zaka zitatu zikubwerazi, mpaka tsiku lake lobadwa makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Kwa okonda achinyamata, izi zinali zopweteka kwambiri.
Tolkien anali wokhumudwa, koma momvera anamvera lamulo la woyang'anira wake. Kwa zaka zitatu zotsatira, adakhoza mayeso ake aku koleji ndikukhazikika ku Oxford, kusewera rugby ndikuphunzira Chigothic, Anglo-Saxon ndi Welsh. Komabe, atalowa m'moyo wasukulu, sanaiwale za Edith wake.
Bwererani
Madzulo a tsiku lake lobadwa makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, Ronald anakhala pabedi ndikuyang'ana wotchi yake. Pakati pausiku itangofika, iye anayamba kulemba kalata kwa Edith, kulengeza za chikondi chake ndi kulonjeza kuti amukwatira. Masiku angapo oda nkhaŵa anadutsa. Tolkien analandira yankho ndi nkhani zoipa kuti Edith wake pachibwenzi ndi "mnyamata wodalirika kwambiri". Malinga ndi miyezo ya nthawi imeneyo, anali kukalamba - anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 24 - ndipo inali nthawi yoti akwatiwe. Komanso, mtsikanayo ankaganiza kuti zaka zitatu Ronald anangoyiwala za iye.
Tolkien adalumpha pa sitima yoyamba kupita ku Cheltenham. Edith adakumana naye pa station ndipo adayenda panjira. Chilakolako chake chinasungunula mtima wa mtsikanayo, ndipo adavomera kusiya chibwenzicho ndi mkwati "wolonjeza" ndikukwatira wophunzira wachilendo yemwe anasonyeza chidwi ndi Beowulf ndi zinenero.
“Kuwala Kuwala…”
Malinga ndi kunena kwa olemba mbiri ya anthu, ukwati wawo unali wodzaza ndi chisangalalo ndi kuseka. A Tolkiens anali ndi ana anayi. Nthawi ina, nkhani inachitika kwa okonda omwe adasiya chizindikiro chakuya pa moyo wa Ronald ndipo adadutsa muzochita zake zonse monga njira.
Iwo pamodzi ndi mkazi wake anadutsa m’nkhalangomo ndipo anapeza malo okongola kwambiri okhala ndi madambo odzaza ndi maluwa oyera. Edith anayamba kuvina padzuwa, ndipo mpweya wa Ronald unagwira. Pofotokoza nkhaniyi kwa mwana wake zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, Tolkien anakumbukira kuti: “M’masiku amenewo tsitsi lake linali ngati phiko la khwangwala, khungu lake linali lonyezimira, maso ake anali owala kuposa mmene mukukumbukira, ndipo ankatha kuimba ndi kuvina.
Chochitikachi chinalimbikitsa wolemba nkhaniyo kulemba nkhani yonena za Beren ndi Lúthien, munthu wokhoza kufa ndi elf. Nayi mizere ya m’buku lakuti The Silmarillion: “Koma, akuyendayenda m’nyengo yachilimwe m’nkhalango za Neldoreth, anakumana ndi Lúthien, mwana wamkazi wa Thingol ndi Melian, pamene madzulo, pakutuluka kwa mwezi, anavina. pa udzu wosafota wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Esgalduin. + Kenako kukumbukira zowawazo kunam’chokera, ndipo analodzedwa chifukwa Lúthien anali wokongola kwambiri mwa ana a Ilúvatar. Mkanjo wake unali wabuluu ngati thambo loyera, ndipo maso ake anali akuda ngati usiku wa nyenyezi, chovala chake chinali ndi maluwa agolide, tsitsi lake linali lakuda ngati mithunzi yausiku. Kukongola kwake kunali ngati kuwala kosewera pamasamba a mitengo, kuyimba kwa madzi oyera, nyenyezi zikukwera pamwamba pa dziko lapansi la nkhungu, ndipo pamaso pake panali kuwala kowala.
Edith anamwalira ali ndi zaka 82, Tolkien analemba "Luthien" pafupi ndi manda ake.
Tolkien atapereka zolembedwa pamanja za The Lord of the Rings kwa wosindikizayo, wosindikizayo adakayikira nzeru yophatikiza zachikondi zilizonse munkhaniyo. Makamaka, wolemba wachinyamatayo adauzidwa kuti nkhani ya Aragorn ndi Arwen, yofanana ndi ya Beren ndi Lúthien, inali "yosafunikira komanso yapamwamba". Wofalitsayo anaona kuti bukuli lonena za anthu, matsenga ndi nkhondo silinafunikire zithunzi zachikondi.
Komabe, Tolkien anaima, kutchula mphamvu yolimbikitsa ya chikondi. M’kalata yopita kwa wofalitsa Rayner Unwin, anatsutsa zoti mutu wa Aragorn ndi Arwen ukhalepo: “Ndimauonabe kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ndi chithunzithunzi cha chiyembekezo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mwachoka pamalopo. Chilakolako chake chinayambanso, ndipo Tolkien adasunga buku lake m'mbiri.
Edith anamwalira mu 1971 ali ndi zaka 82, ndipo Tolkien analemba "Lúthien" pafupi ndi dzina lake pamwala wake wamanda. Anamwalira patatha miyezi makumi awiri ndi chimodzi ndipo anaikidwa m'manda pamodzi ndi iye, ndipo "Beren" anawonjezeredwa ku dzina lake.
Chilakolako ndi kudzikana
“Ubale wamphamvu pakati pa Tolkien ndi Edith wokondedwa wake umasonyeza kuzama kwa malingaliro amene anthu angafikire,” akuwonjezera motero Jason Whiting.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti ubalewu ukuwala ndi chilakolako, amapitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo pamtengo wa kuyesetsa kwakukulu ndi kudzipereka. Tolkien anazindikira zimenezi pamene ankasinkhasinkha chifukwa chake ukwati wake unali wolimba kwambiri. Iye analingalira kuti: “Pafupifupi maukwati onse, ngakhale achimwemwe, ali olakwa m’lingaliro lakuti okwatirana onse aŵiri motsimikizirika angapeze okwatirana oyenerera. Koma mwamuna kapena mkazi weniweni ndi amene munamusankha, amene munakwatirana naye.”
Tolkien ankadziwa kuti chikondi chenicheni sichimatheka ndi kung'anima kwa chikhumbo chokwawa.
Ngakhale kuti anali wokonda kwambiri, wolembayo anazindikira kuti maubwenzi amafunikira ntchito: “Palibe mwamuna, ngakhale akonde moona mtima wosankhidwa wake monga mkwatibwi ndipo mosasamala kanthu za kukhala wokhulupirika kwa iye monga mkazi wake, angakhalebe choncho kwa moyo wake wonse popanda mkazi. mwadala ndi mozindikira chiganizo champhamvu, popanda kudzikana moyo ndi thupi.
"Tolkien ankadziwa kuti chikondi chenicheni sichimatheka ndi chikhumbo chofuna," Whiting analemba. Amafunika kusamalidwa nthawi zonse komanso kusamalidwa mwatsatanetsatane. Mwacitsandzo, Ronald na Edith akhafuna kutsalakanana unango na ndzace na kupasana mphaso zing’ono-ng’ono. Atakula, ankakonda kukambirana za ana ndi zidzukulu. Ubale wawo unamangidwa pa chilakolako ndi ubwenzi, zomwe zinadyetsa chikondi ichi kuyambira pachiyambi cha chibwenzi mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo.
Za Katswiri: Jason Whiting ndi wothandizira mabanja, pulofesa wa zama psychology, komanso wolemba True Love. Njira zodabwitsa zodzinamiza paubwenzi.