Kufotokozera za maloto ausiku ndi ntchito yomwe imadziwika kwa anthu kuyambira kalekale. Koma njira zamakono zimakulolani kutanthauzira molondola komanso payekha payekha. Mtolankhani wathu adayendera maphunzirowo ndipo adalankhula ndi wolemba njira yatsopano yomwe mutha kumasulira maloto nokha.
Ndinapita ku maphunziro kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wanga. Mwina n’chifukwa chake zinthu zambiri zinkaoneka ngati zodabwitsa kwa ine. Kufotokozera maloto kwa mlendo, mwachitsanzo, kumafuna kumasuka kwambiri kuposa momwe ndinkachitira, ndipo tinayamba ndi awiriawiri kukumbukira maloto omwe tinali nawo nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo nthawi zina maloto akale ankawala kuposa amene analota dzulo. Kenako aliyense anasankha loto limodzi kuti aunike mwatsatanetsatane.
Wokhala nawo, Anton Vorobyov, adafotokoza momwe angachitire: mwa anthu otchulidwa m'malotowa, tidasankha zazikuluzo, kuzijambula (chidziwitso chatsopano kwa ine!), Kufunsa mafunso molingana ndi mndandandawo ndikuyankhidwa, tikudzipeza tokha. malo a ngwazi imodzi kapena ina.
Ndipo ndinadabwanso: kumvetsetsa kwanga konse kwa tulo kunayandama. Awo amene ankaoneka ngati osafunika anatenga maudindo aakulu, ndipo mizere yawo inkamveka mosayembekezereka nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, ngakhale kuti ndinaoneka kuti ndinaipeka ndekha. Mwina izi zili ngati “kumva” kuposa “kupanga” … Mu maora anayi tinalandira dongosolo la ntchito yodziyimira payokha yokhala ndi maloto. Kwatsala mafunso ochepa.
Psychology: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mabuku otchuka amaloto ndi kutanthauzira kwa akatswiri?
Anton Vorobyov: Kutanthauzira Maloto kumapereka tanthauzo lazidziwitso popanda kuganizira zomwe mumakumana nazo. Ndiko kuti, ngati mumalota mphaka, ndiye kuti izi ndizosautsa, mosasamala kanthu zomwe mumagwirizanitsa ndi ana amphaka. Nthawi zina kutanthauzira uku kumakhala komveka, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokayikitsa.
Mu psychology yamakono, kutanthauzira kwa zizindikiro pamaziko a chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale kumaonedwa ngati njira yowonjezera. Jung mwiniwake adanena kuti wodwala aliyense ayenera kuthandizidwa payekha. Ndikofunikira chomwe chizindikirocho chikutanthauza kwa inu, zomwe zimakuchitikirani zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo.
Kodi maloto anu amasiyana bwanji ndi ena?
Kawirikawiri maloto amaonedwa ngati chinthu chonse komanso chosagawanika, ndipo chidwi chachikulu chimalunjika ku chiwembucho. Njira yanga ikufuna kuti nditchule otchulidwa: wolota, maziko, anthu omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi ofunika kwa inu, ndikulumikizana nawo.
Ngati mukuthamangitsidwa ndi chilombo, chipinda, kapena osadziwika «izo,» funsani chifukwa akuchitira izo. Ngati mwazunguliridwa ndi nyumba kapena matabwa, afunseni kuti: “N’chifukwa chiyani mwabwera kuno?” Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, funsani zomwe akufuna kukuuzani.
Samalani kuti maziko ndi tsatanetsatane wake ndi ochita zisudzo ndipo, mwina, ali ndi chidziwitso chomwe chili chothandiza kwa wolota. Kusiyana kwina ndikuti njira iyi idapangidwira ntchito yodziyimira pawokha.
Nchiyani chimapereka kumvetsetsa kwa maloto awo?
Kudzimvetsetsa. Maloto ndi chithunzithunzi cha zomwe zikuchitika mu chikomokere. Pamene timagwira ntchito ndi maloto, m'pamene timachoka mofulumira kuchoka ku zongopeka zosamvetsetseka za tanthauzo lake kupita ku mfundo yakuti wosazindikira amakhala mlangizi wanzeru, kutiuza momwe tingasinthire miyoyo yathu. Zosankha zambiri zomwe ndapanga m'moyo wanga ndizizindikiro zosazindikira zomwe zimachokera ku maloto.
Kodi maloto onse ndi oyenera kuwamasulira, kapena ndi opanda pake?
Maloto onse ali ndi tanthauzo lawo, koma ndi zothandiza kupereka chidwi chapadera kwa amene «mamatira». Ngati loto likuzungulira m'mutu mwanu kwa masiku angapo, limadzutsa chidwi - limatanthauza kuti ndilokhazikika. Maloto oterowo amakhala ndi zidziwitso za zomwe zimakusangalatsani m'moyo: kusankha ntchito, kukwaniritsa zolinga, kupanga banja.
Ndipo maloto omwe samakumbukiridwa, osagwira, amagwirizana kwambiri ndi zotsalira za zochitika za masana.
Kodi ndi koyenera kuda nkhawa kwa iwo omwe sawona maloto konse?
Musadandaule. Aliyense amalota, mosiyanasiyana, ndipo ena samakumbukira. Iwo omwe amakumbukira zochitika zina zamaloto zokopa amatha kugwira nawo ntchito.
Zochitika zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri timatembenukira ku maloto athu, kuwasanthula, nthawi zambiri amalota. Ndipo kwa iwo omwe sakumbukira maloto nkomwe, pali njira zina zodziwira, mwachitsanzo, kuphunzira za zongopeka.
Kodi njira yanu ndiyoyenera kusanthula zongopeka?
Inde, chifukwa zongopeka zili ngati maloto akumbuyo mukamadzuka. Zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi malingaliro, choncho ndi chikomokere.
Nthawi zina pamakhala maloto angapo usiku. Kodi akuyenera kulekanitsidwa kapena angawunikenso limodzi?
Osachepera poyamba ndi bwino kupatukana. Chifukwa chake mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri zomwe zimakusangalatsani, osatayika, kusuntha kuchokera kumaloto kupita ku wina, kumvetsetsa njirayo ndikuwongolera njira zake zonse.
Komabe, ngati loto lina ligwira, ngati chikhumbo chopitako sichikusiya, omasuka kumasulira! Mukamagwira ntchito, mudzawona maunyolo ophatikizana: kukumbukira zochitika za masana kapena maloto ena. Izi zidzathandiza pakutanthauzira.
Ndine wa anthu kuti awonetse luso losintha njira. Mukhoza, mwachitsanzo, kusintha mndandanda wa mafunso, kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa magawo aliwonse. Njira yomwe ilipo panopa ndi zotsatira za zomwe ndakumana nazo komanso masomphenya anga a ntchito. Ndinayesa mphamvu zake pa ine ndekha, pa makasitomala, pa maphunziro otenga nawo mbali. Mukachidziwa bwino, mutha kuchisintha nokha.
Kodi ndi bwino kusanthula maloto owopsa?
Sindingavomereze kuyamba ndi maloto owopsa. Pali chiopsezo chokumana ndi zovuta zakale zamaganizo, mantha ndi kugwa m'mayiko osasangalatsa, ndiyeno thandizo lochokera kunja likufunika. Ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi maloto owopsa, maloto obwerezabwereza komanso maloto omwe amachititsa kuyankha mwamphamvu kwamalingaliro, ndikupangira kulumikizana ndi akatswiri, osati kudziphunzitsa nokha.
Kodi tingaike pangozi chiyani ngati tipenda maloto patokha, ndipo tingapewe bwanji ngoziyo?
Choopsa chachikulu ndicho kupeza chowonadi cha inu nokha. Sitiyenera ndipo sitiyenera kupeŵedwa, popeza kuti chowonadi chonena za iwe mwini chili chothandiza, ndicho cholinga cha ntchito yathu. Zimathandiza kukhudzana ndi iwe mwini, dziko lamkati ndi lakunja, kuti tiwone bwino zomwe zili zofunika m'moyo ndi zomwe zili zachiwiri.
Koma kukumana naye kungakhale kosasangalatsa, makamaka ngati takhala nthawi yaitali popanda tokha. Chifukwa chakuti chowonadi chimawononga malingaliro akale onena za ife eni, ndipo chifukwa chakuti tinazoloŵera, izi zingapweteke. Muzochitika izi, ndikupempha kuti mukumane ndi akatswiri: adzapereka njira zowonjezera zogwirira ntchito komanso chithandizo chamaganizo.
Nthawi zambiri, tikamayamba kudzidziwa bwino, zimakhala bwino kwa ife. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amadziwa kuti chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe anthu amadandaula nazo kwambiri ndi kuwononga nthawi. Timataya chifukwa sitinamvere zizindikiro zomwe dziko lamkati linatitumizira.
Ndi liti pamene kuli bwino kuyamba kusanthula maloto: mutangodzuka, patatha maola angapo, masiku?
Nthawi zonse. Maloto alibe tsiku lotha ntchito. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi maloto, zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi kugwirizana ndi zochitika zenizeni.
Buku lomwe mumapereka njirayi lili ndi mutu woseketsa…
"Momwe ndinang'amba buku langa lamaloto." Izi ndichifukwa choti kuti mumvetsetse maloto, simufunikira matanthauzidwe okonzekera, monga mtanthauzira maloto, koma algorithm yofufuza matanthauzo ake. Bukuli lili ndi mitu itatu.
Yoyamba ndi ya momwe mungalekanitsire kutanthauzira kwachinsinsi ndi m'maganizo: izi ndizofunika kukonzekera zongopeka. Chachiwiri ndi zitsanzo za momwe mungachokere ku chiwembu chosamvetsetseka kupita ku tanthauzo linalake. Mutu wachitatu ndi mayankho a mafunso okhudza njira ndi maloto.
Ndipo palinso kope lodzimasulira nokha. Mutha kugwira nawo ntchito ngati buku: simuyenera kubwereranso ku bukhu ngati mwaiwala zinazake, ingotsatirani malangizo atsatane-tsatane.