Kuti khungu likhalebe lopanda madzi komanso losalala, limafunikira mapuloteni ndi mamolekyu angapo. Pakati pawo, hyaluronic acid, urea, elastin ndi kolajeni. Mwachibadwa alipo m'thupi, kuchuluka kwawo kumachepa ndi zaka, zomwe zimayambitsa kukalamba kwa khungu ndi kuuma (pa dzuwa). Mwamwayi, mapuloteni ndi mamolekyuwa amapezeka m'mankhwala ambiri odzola masiku ano. Ichi ndichifukwa chake khungu louma komanso lokhwima liyenera kuphatikiza izi mu miyambo yawo yosamalira khungu.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) ndi molekyu yomwe imakhalapo mwachilengedwe m'matenda ambiri ndi madzi m'thupi. Amapezeka, mwachitsanzo, mu synovial fluid yamagulu kuti alole kuti fupa lidutse pakati pawo. Imapezekanso mu vitreous humor ya diso, chinthu cha gelatinous chomwe chimadzaza diso kuseri kwa lens. Koma kumene timapeza asidi hyaluronic kwambiri, ndi pakhungu. The molekyulu ili makamaka pa mlingo wa dermis (mkati wosanjikiza wa khungu), ndi pang'ono pa mlingo wa epidermis (chapamwamba wosanjikiza khungu). 

Molekyu yomaliza yoletsa kukalamba, asidi a hyaluronic amathandiza kuti khungu likhale lopanda madzi. Poyeneradi, molekyuyi imatha kutengera kulemera kwake m'madzi nthawi 1000. Khungu lolemera mu hyaluronic acid ndi hydrated, toned ndi yosalala (molekyulu imadzaza mipata yolumikizana ndi makwinya). Kuphatikiza pa kukhala chishango chabwino kwambiri cholimbana ndi makwinya, asidi hyaluronic bwino machiritso a khungu pamene kuwonongeka chifukwa zimalimbikitsa kumangidwanso kwa khungu. 

Vuto, chilengedwe kupanga asidi hyaluronic pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa ndi zaka. Khungu limakhala louma, losalimba kwambiri ndipo nkhope imakhala yopanda kanthu.

Kotero kuti mupitirize kusangalala ndi ubwino wonse wa hyaluronic acid pakhungu lanu, mungagwiritse ntchito zodzoladzola kapena zakudya zowonjezera zomwe zili nazo. HA amathanso kubayidwa mwachindunji pansi pakhungu. Ngakhale ndizomwe zimaphatikizidwira mumafuta opaka makwinya, magwero abwino kwambiri akunja a hyaluronic acid ndi jakisoni ndi zakudya zowonjezera. 

Urea ndi molekyu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi thupi. Amapangidwa ndi chiwindi ndipo amachotsedwa mumkodzo. Zopindulitsa zake zambiri pakhungu zimakhazikitsidwa bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zimaphatikizidwa kwambiri mu chisamaliro cha zodzoladzola. Urea mu zodzoladzola amapangidwa kuchokera ku ammonia ndi carbon dioxide. Zili choncho molekyulu yotulutsa mwachilengedwe. Lilibe mbewu koma amachotsa maselo akufa a khungu mwa kuwasungunula mofatsa. Mwatsatanetsatane, urea imamasula ndikusungunula mamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu likhale losalala. Chifukwa cha urea, khungu limakhala lofewa ndipo limatenga bwino zosakaniza zomwe zili muzochizira zomwe zimayikidwa pambuyo pake.

Pomaliza, urea imasunga madzi a pakhungu chifukwa imayamwa ndikusunga madzi mosavuta, monga hyaluronic acid. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi urea amasonyezedwa pakhungu louma, khungu lovuta komanso malo ovuta a thupi (mapazi, zigongono, etc.). Urea amalangizidwanso pochiza keratosis pilaris, matenda oopsa a chibadwa omwe amachititsa kuti khungu likhale la njere m'manja, ntchafu, matako ndipo nthawi zina masaya. 

Elastin ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi maselo otchedwa fibroblasts, omwe amapezeka mu dermis, gawo lamkati la khungu. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, elastin imadziwika ndi mphamvu zake zotanuka, ndi izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu liyambirenso maonekedwe ake oyambirira litatsinidwa kapena kutambasula. Elastin imatha kutambasula mpaka 150% yautali wake popuma isanasweka! Concretely, umagwira ntchito ya binder pakati pa maselo ndi kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga kwachilengedwenso, zimakhala. Imakhudzidwa osati pakugwira ntchito kwa khungu kokha komanso m'mapapo, minyewa yolumikizana, mitsempha yamagazi ngakhalenso minyewa ina. 

Mofanana ndi hyaluronic acid, masitolo a elastin amatha ndi zaka. Chifukwa chake, dermis imataya kusungunuka ndi kamvekedwe ndipo sichingathenso kulimbana ndi zotsatira za kugwedezeka kwa minofu ya subcutaneous: uku ndiko maonekedwe a makwinya. Kupatula nthawi, kuwonekera mobwerezabwereza ku kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa elastin.

Kuti khungu lanu likhale lolimba komanso kuti likhale lolimba, sungani zodzoladzola zomwe zimakhala ndi elastin m'mapangidwe awo. Muyenera kudziwa kuti kuyambira zaka 30, masheya a elastin amatsika kwambiri. Ma fibroblasts amangotulutsa elastin yotchedwa "rigid". Cholinga cha mankhwala omwe amalemeretsedwa ndi elastin ndichifukwa chake ndikusunga mawonekedwe a elastin achichepere momwe angathere. 

Collagen ndi puloteni ya fibrous yomwe imakhala yochuluka kwambiri m'thupi. Ndi gawo lalikulu la khungu koma limapezekanso kwina m'thupi: mitsempha yamagazi, cartilage, mano, cornea, kugaya chakudya ... Ntchito yake ndikulumikiza maselo wina ndi mzake (ndi elastin) chifukwa cha zomatira zake. Collagen imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake olimba komanso olimba. 

Puloteniyi imathandiza kuti khungu likhale lopanda madzi chifukwa zimathandiza kukhalabe ndi madzi abwino mu epidermis. Elle imalimbikitsanso kusinthika kwa minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala wothandizira kwambiri kulimbikitsa machiritso pakavulazidwa. Pomaliza, collagen imapangitsa khungu kukhala lofewa komanso losamva kutambasula. 

Kubwezera kuchepa kwa kupanga kolajeni kwachilengedwe komwe kumayenderana ndi zaka, ndikofunikira kutembenukira ku zodzikongoletsera zomwe zimakhala nazo kuti khungu likhale losalala komanso losalala. Amasonyezedwa makamaka kuti khungu lokhwima lichepetse zotsatira za ukalamba (makwinya, kutaya kwa khungu, khungu louma). Amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a zonona, seramu, masks kapena makapisozi kuti azitengedwa pakamwa.