Choyamba, tiyeni tione kuti ndi chiyani tchizi wosinthidwa? Ndi mkaka wopangidwa kuchokera ku kukonza tchizi wamba kapena kanyumba tchizi. Tchizi wokonzedwa amapangidwa kuchokera ku tchizi ta rennet, tchizi tosungunuka, tchizi chanyumba, batala ndi zinthu zina zamkaka, ndikuwonjezera zonunkhira ndi zodzaza. Kwa iye, misa ya tchizi imasungunuka pa kutentha kwa 75-95 ° C pamaso pa zowonjezera - mchere wosungunuka (citrates ndi phosphates wa sodium ndi potaziyamu).
Chitetezo cha malonda
Mfundo yoyamba yofunika mu kafukufuku ndi yakuti mankhwala ayenera kukhala otetezeka. Pachikhalidwe, mkaka amayesedwa chitetezo ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: microbiological, ndi zili maantibayotiki, heavy zitsulo, poizoni, mankhwala. Gulu la zizindikiro za chitetezo mu phunziroli likanakhala pamtunda, ngati sichoncho: coliforms - mabakiteriya a gulu la Escherichia coli (mabakiteriya a coliform) - adapezeka mu phunziroli.
Zopatuka malinga ndi: zomwe zili ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, maantibayotiki, omwe amatha kulowa muzomaliza kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira mkaka, sizinapezeke mu zitsanzo zilizonse. Zomwe zili ndi zitsulo zolemera, aflatoxin M1, nitrites ndi nitrate ndichinthu chachilendo. Dziwani kuti kuyesa kwa maantibayotiki a tchizi osinthidwa kwathetsa nthano ina yoti maantibayotiki amapezeka mumkaka uliwonse wamkaka. Iwo sali mu tchizi wokonzedwa!
Palibe zabodza
Mfundo yachiwiri yofunika ndikuti kodi malonda ndi omwe amadzinenera kuti ndi? Chogulitsa chotchedwa "tchizi wosinthidwa", monga china chilichonse cha mkaka, mulibe mafuta osakhala a mkaka. Ngati zolembedwazo zili ndi mafuta a kanjedza kapena mafuta ena osakhala a mkaka, kuyambira Januware 15, 2019, choterechi chitha kutchedwa "chopangidwa ndi mkaka chophatikizira mafuta mkaka, chopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa tchizi".
Pofuna kusunga ndalama, opanga ena sazengereza kunyenga ogula. Malingana ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wathu, kusagwirizana kwa mafuta a asidi, komanso beta-sitosterols, zomwe zapezeka mu gawo la mafuta a mankhwala ndikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa mafuta a masamba omwe amapangidwa, amapezeka mu tchizi 4: Zinthuzi ndi zabodza. .
Kodi phosphates ndi chiyani?
Mfundo yachitatu yofufuza ndi phosphates. Mu tchizi zomwe zimafalitsidwa, ma phosphates amapezeka ochulukirapo kuposa muzinthu zina. Ndipo apa ndipamene mantha aakulu a ogula amachokera ku tchizi zomwe zimakonzedwa zimakhala zopanda thanzi. Popanga tchizi chilichonse, mchere wosungunuka umagwiritsidwa ntchito - sodium phosphates kapena citrate. Popanga tchizi chosungunuka, phosphates amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kupanga tchizi, mchere wa sodium citrate umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi mchere wa phosphorous womwe tchizi wokonzedwa umakhala chifukwa cha kusasinthika kwawo. Ngati mankhwalawa amapangidwa kuchokera ku tchizi wokhwima, mchere wonyezimira wochepa kwambiri umafunika kuti mupeze zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Ndipo ngati kuchokera ku kanyumba tchizi - mwachibadwa, padzakhala ma phosphates ochulukirapo.
Mu tchizi zomwe zimatumizidwa kukayezetsa, kuchuluka kwa phosphate sikunapitirire malire ovomerezeka.
Za kukoma ndi utoto
Akatswiri omwe adachita kulawa kwa tchizi sanakumane ndi zovuta zilizonse. Palibe voids kapena zotupa zomwe zidapezeka, ndipo fungo, mtundu ndi kusasinthika kwazinthuzo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za Quality Standard. Mwa njira, wopanga wosakhulupirika amatha kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wopangira kuti apatse tchizi kukhala wosangalatsa wachikasu. Malinga ndi muyezo, ma carotenoids achilengedwe okha ndi omwe amaloledwa kupeza chikasu. Mayesero awonetsa kuti palibe mitundu yopangira mu zitsanzo zilizonse za tchizi zoyesedwa.