Zithunzi zobisika mu chikomokere sizovuta kuzizindikira nthawi zonse komanso kufotokozedwa m'mawu. Koma kukhudzana ndi dziko la zochitika zakuya, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti tikhale ndi moyo wabwino, zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa popanda kuthandizidwa ndi mawu, akatswiri amati.
Kuyesera kufikira anthu osazindikira ndikulowa nawo pazokambirana kumaonedwa ngati mwayi wa psychoanalysts. Koma sizili choncho. Pali njira zambiri zama psychotherapeutic zomwe zimathetsa chikomokere m'njira zina. Kumene kulibe mawu okwanira, zithunzi, mayendedwe, nyimbo zimabwera kudzapulumutsa - zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera kukuya kwa psyche mwachidule.
Chithandizo chamakono
Mbiri. Njirayi inayamba m'ma 1940, ndipo Natalie Rogers, mwana wamkazi wa katswiri wa zamaganizo Carl Rogers, amadziwika kwambiri pakati pa omwe adawalenga. Natalie anathandiza bambo ake kuyendetsa magawo a gulu. Ndipo ndinaona kuti otenga nawo mbali amatopa ndi kukhala, kulankhula ndi kumvetsera kwa maola ambiri. Anapereka lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito kujambula, nyimbo, kuyenda - ndipo pang'onopang'ono adapanga njira yake.
Chinsinsi cha njira. Mu Chingerezi, pali mawu awiri: Art therapy (visual arts therapy, art therapy) ndi arts therapy (mankhwala amitundu yonse yaukadaulo). Koma pali njira ina yomwe ikupeza mphamvu, yomwe idayamba m'ma 1970s ndipo imatchedwa "expressive arts therapy" mu Chingerezi. Mu Russian timachitcha "intermodal therapy ndi luso lofotokozera". Thandizo lotereli limagwiritsa ntchito zaluso zosiyanasiyana pagawo limodzi lothandizira. Zitha kukhala zojambula, kuyenda, ndi nyimbo - kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yonseyi.
Wothandizira ayenera kukhala watcheru kwambiri kuti adziwe nthawi yochoka kuchoka ku luso lina kupita ku lina. Pamene mungathe kujambula chinachake, pamene mungathe kuchifotokoza ndi nyimbo kapena mawu. Izi zimakulitsa chikoka chambiri, kulola njira zosazindikira kuti ziwonekere. Pali zizindikiro, zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kuyendamo, zomwe zimapatsa kasitomala kuti asamukire ku njira ina.
Mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo ndi chida chabwino chogogomezera zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito kulemba kwaulere pamene kasitomala amatha kulemba zokha kwa mphindi 10. Ndiyeno chochita ndi nkhaniyi? Tikukulimbikitsani kuti kasitomala atsindike, titi, mawu asanu - ndikupanga haiku kuchokera kwa iwo. Choncho kuchokera m’nkhani zolandiridwa mwachisawawa, timagogomezera zofunika ndi kuzifotokoza mothandizidwa ndi ndakatulo.
Ubwino. Wofuna chithandizo atha kupita kumagawo owonetsera zaluso popanda kujambula, kusema, kapena kulemba ndakatulo. Pali njira zothandizira kuchotsa zovuta za kulephera komanso mantha odziwonetsera nokha motere. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kujambula ndi dzanja lanu lamanzere. Mantha nthawi yomweyo amadutsa - pafupifupi palibe amene amadziwa kujambula ndi dzanja lawo lamanzere.
Ubwino wofunikira wa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi luso la intermodal, ndimaona chitetezo chawo. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika pamlingo wophiphiritsira, ndi zithunzi. Mwa kusintha fano, kujambula, timasintha chinachake mwa ife tokha. Ndipo kuzindikira kudzafika pa nthawi yoyenera, yomwe siyenera kufulumira.
Kwa ndani komanso kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji. Art therapy imagwira ntchito ndi kutayika, kuvulala, maubale ndi zovuta zawo. Zonsezi zitha kukokedwa, kuumbidwa, haiku imatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku chilichonse - ndikusinthidwa popanga zilandiridwenso. Gawoli limatenga ola limodzi ndi theka, njira ya mankhwala - kuyambira magawo asanu (mankhwala osakhalitsa) mpaka zaka 2-3.
Pali zoletsa zina. Ndinkagwira ntchito m’chipatala cha anthu odwala matenda amisala, ndipo ndikudziwa kuti n’kovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zojambulajambula ndi anthu amene ali m’mavuto. Ngakhale adatha kukwaniritsa zotsatira nawo. Ndikukumbukira msungwana wazaka 19 yemwe anali ndi kuchedwa kwachitukuko (anakhalabe pa msinkhu wa zaka 5). M'zojambula zake, pakati pa zithunzi zosagwirizana, nthawi ina chimbalangondo ndi nkhandwe zidawonekera. Ndinafunsa: uyu ndi ndani? Ananena kuti nkhandweyo inkafanana ndi mayi ake, ndipo chimbalangondocho chimafanana ndi iye. "Ndipo nkhandwe imati chiyani kwa chimbalangondo?" - «Nkhandwe limati:» Musati kukula.
Chithandizo cha mchenga (mchenga)
Mbiri ndi chiyambi cha njira. Njirayi inayamba pakati pa zaka za m'ma 50. Wolemba wake ndi Dora Kalff, wophunzira wa Carl Gustav Jung. M'mawonekedwe ake apano, chithandizo chamchenga chimakhala ndi thireyi ziwiri zamatabwa za 70 cm ndi XNUMX cm zokhala ndi mchenga wonyowa ndi wowuma ndi zifanizo zomwe zikuwonetsa anthu, nyama, nyumba, nthano, ndi zochitika zachilengedwe.
Njirayi imachokera pa lingaliro la Jungian kusanthula za kubwezeretsanso kukambirana pakati pa chidziwitso ndi chikomokere mu malo aulere ndi otetezedwa a chithandizo. Sewero la mchenga limathandizira "kunyamula ziwalo zathu" - zomwe timadziwa pang'ono za ife eni kapena sitikudziwa nkomwe chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa ndi kuvulala.
Dora Kalff amakhulupirira kuti mchenga wa mchenga umathandizira kutsegulira kwa Self yathu - pakati pa psyche, kuzungulira komwe kusakanikirana kumachitika, kumabweretsa kukhulupirika kwa umunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, "masewera" oterowo amathandizira kubweza, amathandizira kudzera mumasewerawo kuti atembenukire ku gawo lachibwana la "Ine". Zinali mwa iye kuti Jung adawona zobisika za psyche ndi mwayi wokonzanso.
Ubwino. Kusewera mchenga ndi njira yachilengedwe komanso yomveka, chifukwa tonse tidasewera mu sandbox tili ana, kenako ndi mchenga m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mayanjano onse ndi mchenga ndi osangalatsa, kotero njirayo imayambitsa kukana kochepa. Pakupanga zojambula, sitimakambirana kapena kuzitanthauzira. Ndikofunika kuti tiyambe ndondomekoyi kuti zithunzi zipambane. Kumapeto kwa ntchitoyo, ine ndi kasitomala tikhoza kukambirana mndandanda wa zojambula zake, zithunzi zomwe ndimasunga pambuyo pa gawo lililonse.
Mothandizidwa ndi ziboliboli mu danga la mchenga, mnyamata anatsanzikana ndi bambo ake ndipo anayamba kubwerera ku moyo wabwinobwino.
Ngati tilankhula za magwiridwe antchito, ndiye apa pali chitsanzo chaposachedwa. Ndinamaliza kugwira ntchito ndi mnyamata wazaka 10. Bambo ake anamwalira momvetsa chisoni. Mnyamatayo anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi imfayo, anali kudwala nthawi zonse, anayamba kudzipatula yekha, anasiya kulankhula. Pamaphunziro, adabisala pansi pa desiki - adachita ngati mwana yemwe ali ndi autism, ngakhale alibe matenda otere.
M'magawo oyamba, adatembenuza maso ake, sanafune kulumikizana. Ndinati: “Chabwino, ndikuwona kuti sukufuna kuyankhula, sindidzakuvutitsa. Koma tikhoza kucheza. " Ndipo anayamba kupanga zithunzi mumchenga. Anakondwera ndi mwayi umenewu ndipo adapanga zojambula zodabwitsa. Iwo ankatha kuona dziko kumene iye anali, kumene banja linali pamaso tsoka. Koma ankapita kumeneko, ndipo nthawi zonse bambo ake ankabwera pafupi naye.
Anadutsa njira yovuta, mothandizidwa ndi zifaniziro mu danga la mchenga, adatsanzikana ndi bambo ake, dziko la amoyo ndi akufa linagawanika, mnyamatayo anayamba kubwerera ku moyo wabwino. Ndinali kumeneko, ndikuthandizidwa, ndinayesera kumverera mkhalidwe wake kudzera muzithunzi. Pang'onopang'ono, anayamba kundikhulupirira, nthawi inafika pamene analankhula nane kwa nthawi yoyamba, pamene adamwetulira. Tinagwira ntchito kupitirira chaka chimodzi, ndipo mchenga unathandiza kwambiri pa ntchitoyi.
Kwa ndani komanso kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji. Ngati palibe contraindications mankhwala ambiri, njira imeneyi angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Gawoli limatenga mphindi 50. Pali chithandizo chanthawi yayitali chomwe chimalimbana ndi zotsatira za zochitika zoyipa. Ndipo pali, mwachitsanzo, ntchito yovuta komanso yayitali ndi ma neuroses. Kwa ena, miyezi ingapo ndi yokwanira, pamene ena amapita zaka 5.
Kunena kuti tikusintha chikomokere mu ntchitoyi, sindingayerekeze. Nthawi zambiri zimatisintha. Koma tikumuitana kuti tikambirane. Timadzifufuza tokha, malo athu amkati, timadzidziwa bwino. Ndikukhala wathanzi m'maganizo.
Dance movement therapy
Mbiri. Kulankhula za kuvina-kuyenda, muyenera kuyamba ndi psychotherapist Alexander Lowen, mlengi wa bioenergetics. Iye ananena kuti: clamps mu thupi aumbike kuyambira ali mwana monga anachita ndi maganizo. Mayiyo anafuula kwa mwanayo kuti: "Usayerekeze kulira!" Adziletsa, ndipo pakhosi pake pali kufinya. Munthu akulimbikitsidwa kupirira, osati kusonyeza maganizo - pali achepetsa m'dera la mtima. Choncho, matenda a mtima amapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna kusiyana ndi akazi.
Chinsinsi cha njira. Mu kuvina, chikomokere chimadziwonetsera mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi ndi kumverera kwa thupi. Winawake amalamuliridwa ndi kumverera kwa thupi pamene akuvina, ndipo wina amavina zithunzi zooneka. Timaphunzira kumvera thupi, kutsatira zikhumbo zake. Sitiyenera kufotokoza zomwe takumana nazo m'mawu. Mothandizidwa ndi kuvina, mutha kuthana ndi malingaliro aliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, kutha.
Munthu aliyense ali ndi chidziwitso chakusiyana, kutayika kwa okondedwa - ndipo izi zimakhalanso m'thupi. Timanyamula ululu umenewu kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo ndizovuta kulankhula za izo. Ndipo kugwira ntchito ndi thupi kumathandiza kupeza ululu uwu - ndikugonjetsa.
Kaŵirikaŵiri timakakamira pamlingo waukali, tikumaimba mlandu munthu amene tinasiyana naye kapena amene tinataya, tikumaimba mlandu tokha kapena dziko lonse kaamba ka kupanda chilungamo. Nthawi zambiri anthu samazindikira. Ndipo kuvina kumalowa muzochitika zowawa izi, ndipo thupi limatulutsa mkwiyo, chiwawa. Makasitomala nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti panthawiyi akufuna kung'amba chinachake ndi manja awo, kupondaponda mapazi awo. Apa ndi pamene kudzidzimutsa kuli kofunika.
Kulankhula ndikofunikira pamankhwala ovina. Koma chithandizo chachikulu sichimaperekedwa ndi mawu, koma ndi kayendedwe.
Kuvina-movement therapy nthawi zambiri kumakhala anthu omwe ali ndi mayendedwe oloweza m'mutu mwawo. Pang'onopang'ono, amatsegula, amayamba kupanga mayendedwe omwe adayiwalika kalekale. Mchikakamizo cha zoyambitsa maganizo - kuvutika, kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa - ambiri kuwerama, kuchepetsa mapewa awo ndi mutu, kwenikweni kupinda pansi kulemera kwa mavuto, ndi mankhwala timapereka mpumulo kwa thupi lonse. Ntchitoyi imachitika pagulu, ndipo iyi ndi gawo lofunikira la chithandizo. Tili ndi mwachitsanzo, zochitika zomwe otenga nawo mbali amakumana ndipo aliyense amavina mnzake.
Chisamaliro cha munthu wina ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasintha kuvina, mayendedwe. Ndipo pamapeto timavina zikomo. Sitikunena mawu, timasonyeza kuyamikira kwathu kwa mamembala ena a gululo ndi maso athu, manja, kayendedwe. Ndipo pa kuvina uku, pafupifupi nthawi zonse kulira! Pambuyo pa kuvina, timakambirana zomwe aliyense wakumana nazo ndi kumva. Kulankhula ndikofunikira pamankhwala ovina. Koma chithandizo chachikulu sichimaperekedwa ndi mawu, koma ndi kayendedwe.
Kwa ndani komanso kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji. Nthawi zonse maphunziro 8-10 misonkhano kamodzi pa sabata. Phunziro limodzi limatenga maola 3-4. Zaka ndi zosafunika kwenikweni, nthawi zina atsikana amabwera kudzavina ndi makanda, panali ngakhale gulu lapadera kwa iwo. Ndipo ndithudi, ndi zothandiza kwa anthu achikulire. Nthawi zonse amachoka ali ndi maganizo abwino. Amuna m'magulu, mwatsoka, akhoza kuwerengedwa pa zala. Ngakhale mphamvu ya njira kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi chimodzimodzi.