Zamkatimu
Chilankhulo ndi dongosolo la zizindikiro lomwe lili ndi mawu, mawu ndi ziganizo. Njira yazizindikiro ya mtundu uliwonse ndi yapadera chifukwa cha kalembedwe, morphological, phonetic ndi zinenero. Zilankhulo zosavuta kulibe, chifukwa chilichonse chimakhala ndi zovuta zake zomwe zimapezeka pophunzira.
M'munsimu muli zilankhulo zovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe zili ndi machitidwe 10 a zizindikiro.
10 Iceland
Iceland - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri pankhani ya matchulidwe. Komanso, chinenero cha manja chimaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zinenero zakale kwambiri. Lili ndi zilankhulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu olankhula okha. Chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri pophunzira Chiaisilandi ndi mawu ake olankhula, omwe olankhula mbadwa okha ndi omwe anganene molondola.
9. Chilankhulo cha Finnish
Chilankhulo cha Finnish moyenerera ali m'gulu limodzi mwa machitidwe ovuta kwambiri a zizindikiro padziko lapansi. Ili ndi milandu 15, komanso mazana angapo amitundu yama verebu ndi ma conjugations. M’menemo, zikwangwani zojambulidwa zimamveketsa bwino kamvekedwe ka mawu a mawuwo (onse olembedwa ndi kutchulidwa), zimene zimafeŵetsa chinenerocho. Kalankhulidwe kamakhala ndi mitundu ingapo yam'mbuyomu, koma palibe nthawi yamtsogolo.
navajo - chinenero cha Amwenye, chinthu chomwe chimatengedwa ngati mawonekedwe a mneni omwe amapangidwa ndi kusinthidwa ndi nkhope mothandizidwa ndi prefixes. Ndi maverebu omwe amanyamula chidziwitso chachikulu cha semantic. Ma Navajos adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali aku US pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse kuti atumize zidziwitso zobisika.
Kuphatikiza pa mavawelo ndi ma consonants, pali ma toni 4 m'chinenerocho, chomwe chimatchedwa kukwera - kutsika; mkulu Low. Pakali pano, tsogolo la Navajo lili pachiwopsezo, popeza kulibe otanthauzira a zinenero, ndipo mbadwo wachichepere wa Amwenye ukupita ku Chingelezi chokha.
7. Chihangare
Chihangare chimodzi mwa zilankhulo khumi zovuta kwambiri kuphunzira. Lili ndi mitundu 35 ndipo limakhala ndi mavawelo omwe ndi ovuta kuwatchula chifukwa cha kutalika. Njira yazizindikiro ili ndi galamala yovuta kwambiri, momwe muli ziganizo zosawerengeka, komanso mawu omwe ali ndi chilankhulo chokhacho. Mbali ya mtanthauzira mawu ndi kukhalapo kwa mitundu iwiri yokha ya mneni: panopa ndi kale.
6. Eskimo
Eskimo ndipo imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri yosakhalitsa, yomwe ilipo mpaka 63 yokha mu nthawi yamakono. Mlandu wa mawu uli ndi mawu opitilira 200 (mawu amasintha mothandizidwa ndi mathero, ma prefixes, suffixes). Eskimo ndi chilankhulo cha zithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, tanthauzo la liwu lakuti “Intaneti” pakati pa ma Eskimos lidzamveka ngati “kuyenda m’magawo.” Chizindikiro cha Eskimo chalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Records ngati imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri.
5. Tabasaran
Tabasaran chimodzi mwa zilankhulo zochepa zomwe zalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Records chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Chodabwitsa chake chili muzochitika zambiri, zomwe zilipo 46. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zilankhulo za boma za anthu okhala ku Dagestan, momwe mulibe ma prepositions. Ma postpositions amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake. Pali mitundu itatu ya zilankhulo m'chinenerocho, ndipo chilichonse chimaphatikiza gulu linalake la zilankhulo. Njira yazizindikiro imakhala ndi ngongole zambiri kuchokera kuzilankhulo zosiyanasiyana: Persian, Azerbaijani, Arabic, Russian ndi ena.
4. Chibasiki
Chibasiki imodzi mwa akale kwambiri ku Europe. Ndi ya anthu ena okhala ku Southern France ndi Northern Spain. Basque ili ndi mafomu 24 amilandu ndipo siili m'gulu lililonse la mabanja azilankhulo. Madikishonale ali ndi mawu pafupifupi theka la miliyoni, kuphatikiza zilankhulo. Ma prefixes ndi suffixes amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magulu atsopano a zinenero.
Mgwirizano wa mawu mu chiganizo ukhoza kutsatiridwa kupyolera mu kusintha kwa mathero. Nthawi ya mneni imawonetsedwa posintha mathero ndi chiyambi cha mawu. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chilankhulochi, chidagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndi asitikali aku US kufalitsa zidziwitso zamagulu. Basque imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazilankhulo zovuta kwambiri kuphunzira.
3. Russian
Russian chimodzi mwa zilankhulo zitatu zovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi. Vuto lalikulu la "wamkulu ndi wamphamvu" ndi kupsinjika kwaulere. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chifalansa, kutsindika kumayikidwa pa syllable yomaliza ya liwu. Mu Russian, malo amphamvu akhoza kukhala paliponse: onse mu syllable yoyamba ndi yotsiriza, kapena pakati pa mawu. Tanthauzo la zigawo zambiri za lexical zimatsimikiziridwa ndi malo opanikizika, mwachitsanzo: ufa - ufa; chiwalo - Organ. Komanso, tanthauzo la mawu a polysemantic omwe amalembedwa ndi kutchulidwa mofanana amatsimikiziridwa pokhapokha pa chiganizocho.
Magawo ena azilankhulo amatha kusiyanasiyana polemba, koma amatchulidwa chimodzimodzi ndipo ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana, mwachitsanzo: dambo - anyezi, etc. mu tanthauzo. Zizindikiro zopumira zimanyamulanso katundu wambiri wofotokozera: kusapezeka kwa koma kumasintha tanthauzo la mawuwo. Kodi mukukumbukira mawu achinyengo ochokera ku benchi yakusukulu: “Simungakhululukire kuphedwako”?
2. Arabic
Arabic - imodzi mwa machitidwe ovuta kwambiri a zizindikiro padziko lapansi. Chilembo chimodzi chimakhala ndi masipelo 4 osiyanasiyana: zonse zimatengera komwe munthuyo ali m'mawuwo. Mulibe zilembo zing'onozing'ono mumtanthauzira mawu wa Chiarabu, kuphatikizika kwa mawu ndi koletsedwa, ndipo zilembo za mavawelo sizimalembedwa. Chimodzi mwazofunikira za chilankhulo ndi momwe mawu amalembedwera - kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere.
Mu Chiarabu, m'malo mwa manambala awiri, omwe amadziwika bwino m'chinenero cha Chirasha, pali manambala atatu: amodzi, ambiri ndi awiri. Sizingatheke kupeza mawu otchulidwa mofanana apa, chifukwa phokoso lirilonse liri ndi ma toni 4, zomwe zidzadalira malo ake.
1. Chinese
Chinese ndi chinenero chocholoŵana modabwitsa. Vuto loyamba, ngati mukufuna kuliphunzira, ndilo chiwerengero cha hieroglyphs m'chinenerocho. Dikishonale yamakono yaku China ili ndi zilembo pafupifupi 87. Vuto liri osati mu dongosolo la zizindikiro za chinenero, komanso m'malembedwe olondola. Chokhacho chomwe chikuwonetsedwa molakwika mu hieroglyph imodzi chimasokoneza tanthauzo la mawuwo.
“Chilembo” chimodzi cha Chitchaina chingatanthauze liwu lonse kapena chiganizo. Chizindikiro chazithunzi sichimawonetsa chilankhulo cha mawu - munthu amene sadziwa zovuta zonse za chinenerochi sangathe kumvetsa momwe mawu olembedwa amatchulidwira molondola. Mafonetiki ndi ovuta kwambiri: ali ndi ma homophone ambiri ndipo ali ndi ma toni 4 mu dongosolo. Kuphunzira Chitchainizi ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zovuta kwambiri zomwe mlendo angachite. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mp2jtyyCF0