Zamkatimu
Alexander Trifonovich anabadwa m'mudzi, m'banja la wosula zitsulo. Bambo ake anali munthu wosangalatsa. Sanadzione ngati wamba ndipo analera ana ake moyenerera. Mabuku ankawerengedwa madzulo aliwonse m’nyumba yawo ya m’mudzi. Tvardovsky kuyambira ali mwana ankadziwa ntchito za Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol. Iye analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba asanaphunzire.
Ali ndi zaka 14, Alexander anayamba kulemba zolemba za nyuzipepala ya m'deralo, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi ndakatulo yake inasindikizidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Buku loyamba linafalitsidwa pamene Tvardovsky anali ndi zaka 25.
Mutu waukulu umene nkhawa Alexei Trifonovich anali collectivization. Anayimba kukana miyambo yakale ndikukhulupirira moyo watsopano wamudzi.
Zaka za Nkhondo Yaikulu Yadziko Lonse zinasintha kwambiri wolemba ndakatulo. Iye anali mtolankhani kutsogolo, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ntchito zake zonse zaperekedwa kwa nthawi yovutayi. Iye analemba za tsogolo la anthu ndi asilikali, mmene anapulumukira kapena kufa.
Pa moyo wake, Alexander Trifonovich analenga ndakatulo zambiri, nkhani ndi ndakatulo. Tikukupemphani kuti mudziwe ntchito zodziwika kwambiri za Tvardovsky.
10 Turkin m'dziko lina
Vasily Terkin - wopeka khalidwe, msilikali wa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo. Ndakatulo iyi ndi kupitiriza kwa nkhani yomwe inayamba mu "Book of the Fighter" (zambiri za izo mu ndime yoyamba ya mlingo).
Chiwembucho ndi chosangalatsa - msilikali amamwalira pankhondo ndipo amatha kudziko lina. Vasily amaphunzira kuti palinso Iron Curtain, Gulag komanso gehena ya socialist. Chilichonse chili ngati mu USSR.
Palibe zodabwitsa ndakatulo "Turkin m'dziko lina" sanalandire chivomerezo kwa akuluakulu, chifukwa Tvardovsky ananyodola Stalinism, bureaucratization wa anthu ndi moyo socialist.
Ndakatuloyi idasindikizidwa koyamba mu 1963 panthawi ya thaw.
9. Bambo ndi mwana
Ndakatulo yolembedwa pamutu wankhondo mu 1943. Yaifupi koma yamphamvu. Limafotokoza tsoka lomvetsa chisoni la msilikali wamba, amene kwa nthawi ndithu ankaonedwa kuti wafa. Anabwerera kunyumba. Palibe amene anamuyembekezera, kupatula mwana wake. Tsopano akuyenera kupita kutsogolo ndikugonjetsa zovuta zambiri, koma zonse zimatheka pamene wokondedwa ali pafupi.
Ndakatulo "Atate ndi Mwana" amapereka chiyembekezo. Owerenga amamvetsetsa kuti ngakhale mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya moyo, muyenera kupita patsogolo ndikuthandizana nthawi zonse.
8. Mwa ufulu wa kukumbukira
Ndakatulo yanyimbo-yolemba nkhani. Tvardovsky ntchito pa izo mu 1963-1969. Chidutswachi chinatanthauza zambiri kwa iye. Zolemba za autobiographical zimagwirizana ndi zomwe wolembayo adakumana nazo, zomwe zidamuvutitsa kwa zaka zambiri.
Ndakatuloyi ili ndi mitu itatu. Maloto oyera aunyamata, chikhumbo chopindulitsa dziko chimasinthidwa ndi kukhumudwa mu dongosolo ndikuyesera kuteteza ulemu wa okondedwa awo. Tvardovsky ankadziwa yekha za "adani a anthu". Makolo ake, azichimwene ake ndi alongo ake adalandidwa nyumba zawo ndikuthamangitsidwa. Iwo anakonzedwa kokha mu 1996. Ngakhale zili choncho, Alexander Trifonovich anachirikiza lingaliro la kusonkhanitsa. Komabe, iye ananena kuti tisaiwale za nthawi zovuta zimenezo. Wolembayo anadziimba mlandu yekha pa zomwe zinachitika, chifukwa iye anali wosayang'anitsitsa.
Ndakatulo "Pokumbukira bwino" zoperekedwa kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo. Munthu aliyense ayenera kudziona kuti ali ndi udindo pa zimene zikuchitika m’dzikoli.
7. Ballad of Renunciation
"Ballad of Renunciation" linalembedwa mu 1942. Alexander Trifonovich anakhudza mutu wa kuthawa. Wolembayo adadutsa pankhondo yonseyo ndipo kwa iye chinali chigawenga choyipa kwambiri kuchoka kunkhondo ndikuthawa amzake.
Mu ballad, mwana akubwerera kunyumba, makolo akusangalala kwambiri. Chilichonse chimasintha akazindikira kuti Ivan wawo wathawa kunkhondo. Atate amaweruza iye, amakana mwana wake.
Vuto la ulemu wa msilikali tsopano ndilofunika kwambiri. Anthu nthawi zonse ankafuna kupulumuka, kudzipulumutsa okha kwa banja, koma palibe chomwe chingalungamitse mantha.
6. Kupitilira mtunda
lyric ndakatulo "Kwa mtunda - mtunda" yolembedwa mu 1950-1960. Kwa iye Tvardovsky analandira Lenin Prize (mtundu wapamwamba wa chilimbikitso kwa nzika za USSR).
Ndakatuloyi ili ndi mitu 15, yolumikizidwa ndi mutu umodzi - ulendo. Wolemba amayenda pamtsinje wa Trans-Siberian Railway. Amauza owerenga za zochitika zomwe zimachitika mgalimoto ndi kunja kwa zenera la sitima, amagawana malingaliro ake.
Tvardovsky amaganizira za tsogolo la dziko lakwawo, pa mfundo zamuyaya. Mavuto a chilungamo ndi chikumbumtima, moyo ndi imfa, zilandiridwenso ndi tsogolo zimagwirizana ndi malongosoledwe a malo kunja kwa zenera ndi malingaliro achikondi a wapaulendo.
5. Ballad wa Comrade
"The Ballad of a Comrade" ikunena za mabwenzi awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo wavulazidwa, winayo amamuthandiza. Njira yawo ndi yayitali komanso yovuta, amabwerera kum'mawa. Chifaniziro cha mayiyo chikuwonetsedwa momveka bwino mu ballad. Apa akufotokozedwa amayi omwe adagawana nawo mkate wawo womaliza ndikuwathandiza ngakhale kuti panali Ajeremani pafupi.
Mafotokozedwe a misewu ndi nyumba ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pamene asilikaliwo anabwerera ku ntchito ndi kuyambanso kuukira, chithunzi chachisoni chinawonekera pamaso pawo. Oukira achifasisti sanasiye chilichonse m'mudzi womwe anauzolowera womwe adadutsamo. Tvardovsky akufotokoza zochitika izi momveka bwino kotero kuti wowerenga amatha kumva ululu waukulu ndi chidani chomwe anthu akuluakulu adamva kwa mdani.
4. Dziko la nyerere
Ndakatulo inalembedwa mu 1934, mu 1936 Tvardovsky anasintha pang'ono, anamaliza. Ntchitoyi idaperekedwa ku gulu.
Protagonist Nikita Morgunok amapita kukafunafuna dziko losadziwika la Nyerere, komwe kulibe famu yophatikizana ndipo aliyense amakhala yekha. Zofufuza zake zonse n’zachabe. Posakhalitsa Nikita anazindikira kuti ayenera kuyenderana ndi nthawi, ndipo moyo watsopano uli ndi ubwino wake.
Tvardovsky akuwonetsa owerenga zomwe zolinga zimayendetsa anthu omwe sagwirizana nawo kuti alowe nawo famu yamagulu, komanso ngati pali lingaliro lililonse mu izi.
3. nyumba panjira
Lingaliro la ndakatuloli linabadwa mu 1942. Kamodzi Tvardovsky adawona zowonongeka nyumba panjira ndipo anayamba kuganiza kuti ambuye ake anali ndani, ndi zimene zinawachitikira. Anamaliza zomwe adayamba mu 1946.
Ndakatuloyi imanena za mabanja omwe nkhondo inabalalika m'dziko la Russia. Anthu anakakamizika kusiya nyumba zawo n’kuthawa kuti apulumuke. Palinso zolemba za chiyembekezo. Alexander Trifonovich akunena kuti munthu ayenera kuyembekezera zabwino. Mabanja adzagwirizananso, nyumba zidzabwezeretsedwa, ndipo zonse zikhala bwino.
2. Nthano ya Tankman
Ndakatuloyi inalembedwa mu 1942. Malingana ndi zochitika zenizeni, nkhaniyi inauzidwa kwa Tvardovsky ndi mboni yowona ndi maso.
lingaliro "Nthano ya Tankman" m’chowonadi chakuti panthaŵi yankhondo, ana amachita zamphamvu mofanana ndi akulu. Izi n’zimenenso zinachitika ulendo uno. Mnyamata wina wosadziwika adapeza komwe zida za adanizo zidali ndipo adathandizira asilikaliwo kuziwononga.
Wolembayo anatsindika kuti kuchita zimenezi si nkhani yokha. Tiyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse ngwazi zing'onozing'ono, ngakhale zopereka zawo pa chigonjetso chachikulu ndizochepa, koma ndizofunika kwambiri.
1. Vasiliy Terkin
Alexander Trifonovich anayamba kulemba ndakatulo mu 1942. Imafotokoza za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa msilikali wamba wa ku Russia. Mitu yoyamba inasindikizidwa mu Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda. Mu 1943, iye ankafuna kuti amalize ntchitoyi, koma analandira makalata ambiri ochokera kwa owerenga amene ankafuna kuti apitirize.
Vasiliy Terkin - munthu wopeka Mnyamata wosavuta uyu sataya mtima, amakhulupirira kupambana. Chithunzicho chinakhala chamoyo kwambiri kotero kuti owerenga anakhulupirira kuti chiripo. Asilikali ambiri adalota kuti akumana naye ndikumugwira chanza.
Otsutsa ndi owerengera, m'malo mwake, sanakhutire ndi ntchitoyo. Wolembayo ayenera kuti anatchula kufunika kwa ntchito ya utsogoleri wa chipani pankhondoyo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Tvardovsky anakumana ndi vuto kulenga. Ndinafunika kusintha kuti ndigwirizane ndi zimene akuluakulu a boma ankafuna. Wolembayo anamaliza ndakatuloyo mu 1945.