Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yonse ya ma champignon ndi bowa wobzalidwa okha, ndipo simudzawapeza m'nkhalango. Komabe, izi ndi chinyengo: palinso mitundu ya champignon yomwe sichitha kulimidwa ndikumera kuthengo kokha. Makamaka, akuphatikizapo coppice, sh. yellow, w. red ndi w. pulasitiki pinki.
Mosiyana ndi chanterelles ndi russula, ma champignon amakula makamaka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi spruce. Panthawiyi, samasonkhanitsidwa kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kusadziwa zamoyo komanso chifukwa cha kufanana ndi ntchentche zakupha za agaric ndi ma grebes otuwa. Pali chinthu chimodzi chodziwika bwino cha shampignons - poyamba amakhala ndi pinki kapena chikasu-bulauni, ndipo kenako mbale zofiirira ndi zakuda. Pamwendo payenera kukhala mphete. Komabe, ma shampignon ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi pafupifupi mbale zoyera ndipo panthawiyi amatha kusokonezedwa ndi agaric yakupha. Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kusonkhanitsa mitundu ya nkhalango ya ma champignon kwa otola bowa oyamba.
Muphunzira za mitundu yotchuka ya bowa wa champignon omwe amamera m'nkhalango patsamba lino.
Champignon wobiriwira
Malo a bowa (Agaricus sylvicola): nkhalango zowirira ndi zobiriwira, pansi, zimakula m'magulu kapena paokha.
Nyengo: June-September.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 4-10 cm, poyamba ozungulira kapena ovoid, osalala, osalala, kenako otseguka. Mtundu wa kapu ndi woyera kapena woyera-imvi. Akapanikizidwa, kapuyo imakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu-lalanje.
Mwendo uli ndi kutalika kwa 5-9 cm, ndi woonda, 0,81,5 cm wandiweyani, wopanda pake, cylindrical, wokulitsidwa pang'ono m'munsi.
Yang'anani pa chithunzicho - mtundu uwu wa champignon pa mwendo uli ndi mphete yoyera yowoneka bwino yokhala ndi zokutira zachikasu, zomwe zimatha kupachika pansi, pafupifupi pansi:
Mtundu wa miyendo ndi wosiyana kwambiri, ndi wofiira pamwamba, ndiye woyera.
Zamkati ndi zoonda, zowonda, zoyera kapena zotsekemera, zimakhala ndi fungo la aniseed komanso kukoma kwa hazelnut.
Mbalamezi zimakhala pafupipafupi, zoonda, zotayirira, zikakhwima, zimasintha mtundu kuchokera ku pinki wowala mpaka wofiirira komanso kenako kukhala woderapo.
Zofanana zapoizoni. Malinga ndi kufotokozera, mtundu uwu wa champignons wa m'nkhalango umafanana ndi grebe wakupha wotumbululuka (Amanita phalloides), momwe mbalezo zimakhala zoyera ndipo sizisintha mtundu, pamene mu champignons zimadetsa; ndipo ali ndi kukhuthala m'munsi ndi volva, sasintha mtundu panthawi yopuma, koma mu champignons thupi lidzasintha mtundu.
Zodyera, gulu la 2.
Njira zophikira: supu ndi yophika, yokazinga, marinated, sauces amapangidwa, mchere, mazira.
Champignon yellowskin
Malo a bowa wakhungu lachikasu (Agaricus xanthodermus) amakhala: pakati pa udzu, pa dothi lokhala ndi humus, m'minda, m'mapaki, msipu, pafupi ndi nyumba.
Nyengo: May-October.
Chovalacho ndi mainchesi 6-15 cm, poyamba chozungulira ndi m'mphepete mwake, pambuyo pake chimakhala chozungulira, kenako chimakhala chopindika, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi likulu lopindika, losalala kapena losalala. Mtundu wa kapu ndi woyera poyamba, kenako chikasu ndi bulauni kapena imvi-bulauni mawanga. M'mphepete nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsalira za chophimba chachinsinsi.
Mwendo wa mtundu uwu wa bowa wa champignon ndi 5-9 cm wamtali, 0,7-2 masentimita wandiweyani, wosalala, wowongoka, ngakhale wowonjezera pang'ono m'munsi, wamtundu wofanana ndi kapu. Pakatikati mwa mwendo pali mphete yoyera iwiri. Mbali yapansi ya mpheteyo ili ndi mamba.
Zamkati. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha nkhalangoyi ndi mnofu woyera womwe umakhala wachikasu kwambiri podulidwa komanso fungo la carbolic acid kapena inki, makamaka ikaphikidwa. Kununkhira uku kumatchedwa "pharmacy" kapena "chipatala".
Mambale ndi oyera kapena pinki-imvi poyamba, ndiye mtundu wa khofi ndi mkaka, pafupipafupi, kwaulere. Akakhwima bwino, mbalezo zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wofiirira wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Mitundu yofananira. Mtundu uwu ndi dovit, kotero ndikofunikira kuusiyanitsa ndi mitundu yofanana yodyedwa. Nkhumbazi zimawoneka ngati champignons zodyedwa (Agaricus campester), zomwe, ndi zina zonse zofanana ndi mtundu wa kapu, mawonekedwe a tsinde ndi mbale, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakhalapo kwa fungo la "pharmacy" kapena fungo la carbolic acid. Kuphatikiza apo, mu champignon wamba, zamkati zomwe zimadulidwa zimasanduka zofiira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pakhungu lachikasu, zimasanduka zachikasu.
Zithunzi izi zikuwonetsa momwe ma champignon akhungu lachikasu amawonekera:
Champignon wofiira
Malo a bowa wofiira (Agaricus semotus, f. concinna): nkhalango zosakanikirana, m'mapaki, madambo.
Nyengo: July-September.
Chovalacho ndi 4-10 cm m'mimba mwake, poyamba chimakhala chozungulira, pambuyo pake chimakhala chowoneka bwino komanso chogwada. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa choyera chokhala ndi pakati chofiira kapena chofiirira.
Mwendo wa 5-10 cm wamtali, 7-15 mm wandiweyani, wonyezimira, wokutidwa ndi ma flakes owala, wokhuthala m'munsi, pinki kapena wofiira pamunsi, pali mphete yoyera pamyendo. Zamkati. Chosiyana ndi mitunduyi ndi yoyera, yokhuthala ndi fungo la amondi, pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira kufiira pa odulidwa.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, mtundu uwu wa champignon umakhala ndi mbale pafupipafupi, mtundu wawo umasintha kuchokera ku pinki wotuwa kupita ku bulauni ndi utoto wofiirira akamakula:
Mitundu yofananira. Champignon yofiira imawoneka ngati bowa woyera kapena meadow ambulera (Macrolepiota excoriate), yomwe ilinso ndi malo ofiira-bulauni pakatikati pa kapu, koma ili pa tubercle ndipo palibe kufiira kwa tsinde.
Mitundu yapoizoni yofanana. Ndikofunikira kusamala kwambiri posonkhanitsa mtundu uwu wa champignon, chifukwa amatha kusokonezedwa ndi ntchentche yachikasu yonyezimira (Amanita gemmata), yomwe ilinso ndi mphete yoyera pa tsinde, koma mbale ndizoyera komanso zoyera. pali kutupa m'munsi mwa tsinde (Volva).
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Njira zophikira: yokazinga, marinated.
Champignon ya pinki
Malo okhala ma shampignons apinki (Agaricus rusiophyllus): nkhalango zosakanizika, m'mapaki, madambo, minda, pafupi ndi nyumba.
Nyengo: July-October.
Chipewacho ndi mainchesi 4-8 cm, poyambira chozungulira chokhala ndi m'mphepete mwake, pambuyo pake ngati belu, silky kapena finely scaly. Chinthu chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu poyamba chimakhala choyera, kenako chipewa chofiirira chokhala ndi utoto wofiirira ndi mbale zapinki. M'mphepete nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsalira za bedspread.
Mwendo wa 2-7 masentimita, 4-9 mm wandiweyani, wosalala, wopanda pake, wokhala ndi mphete yoyera. Thupi limakhala loyera poyamba, kenako chikasu. Mbale nthawi zambiri poyamba. Kusiyanitsa kwachiwiri kwa mitunduyi ndi koyambirira kwa pinki, pambuyo pake mbale zofiira, ngakhale pambuyo pake ndi utoto wofiirira.
Mitundu yofananira. Champignon yokongola ya m'nkhalango ndi yofanana ndi champignon yodyedwa (Agaricus campester), momwe thupi limasanduka lofiira pang'onopang'ono podulidwa ndipo palibe mtundu wapinki wa mbale mu zitsanzo zazing'ono.
Mitundu yapoizoni yofanana. Ndikofunikira kusamala kwambiri potola champignons zokongola, chifukwa zimatha kusokonezedwa ndi grebe yakupha (Amanita phalloides), momwe mbalezo zimakhala zoyera, ndipo mu bowa wokhwima amasanduka achikasu, kutupa kumatuluka. maziko a mwendo (Volva).
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Zithunzi izi zikuwonetsa mitundu ya shampignons, zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa:
