Asayansi amanena kuti mphamvu ya mafunde a m’nyanja ndi. Gulu la ofufuza ndi mainjiniya omwe amadzitcha kuti "anzeru mu suti zonyowa ndi zipsepse" ayambitsa kampeni yopezera ndalama zothandizira polojekiti yotchedwa Crowd Energy. Lingaliro lawo ndikukhazikitsa ma turbines akuluakulu apansi pamadzi kuti apange mphamvu kuchokera ku mafunde akuya a m'nyanja, monga Gulf Stream kumphepete mwa nyanja ya Florida.
Ngakhale kuyika kwa ma turbines sikungalowe m'malo mwa mafuta oyaka, gululi likuti likhala gawo lofunikira popeza gwero latsopano la mphamvu zoyera.
Todd Janka, yemwe anayambitsa Crowd Energy komanso woyambitsa makina opangira magetsi panyanja, akuti
Zoonadi, chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira magetsi apansi pamadzi chimadzutsa nkhawa za momwe angawononge chilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti dongosolo lonselo silingawopseze kwambiri zamoyo zam'madzi, kuyesetsa konse kufufuze zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
Za ukhondo wa chilengedwe
Pulojekiti ya Crowd Energy idabadwa chifukwa chofuna kupeza gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu kusiyana ndi mafuta oyaka komanso mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya. Anthu ambiri adamvapo za kugwiritsa ntchito dzuwa ndi mphepo, koma lero ntchitoyi ikusintha tsamba latsopano padziko lonse lapansi. Janka akunena kuti ngakhale lonjezo la mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, gwero lake silili lamphamvu komanso losakhazikika.
Janka anali atagwirapo kale za submersibles zowongolera ndipo adawona kuti kusunga chipangizocho pamalo amodzi pafupi ndi pansi kunali kovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha mafunde amphamvu. Kotero lingalirolo linabadwa kuti ligwiritse ntchito mphamvuzi, kupanga zamakono ndikuzisamutsira ku gombe.
Makampani ena, monga General Electric, ayesa kuyika makina opangira mphepo m'nyanja, koma ntchitoyi sinapereke zotsatira zomwe akufuna. Crowd Energy inaganiza zopita patsogolo. Janka ndi anzake apanga makina opangira magetsi apanyanja omwe amazungulira pang'onopang'ono kuposa makina opangira mphepo, koma amakhala ndi torque yambiri. Makina opangira magetsiwa amakhala ndi ma seti atatu a masamba omwe amafanana ndi zotsekera zenera. Mphamvu yamadzi imatembenuza masambawo, kuyika shaft yoyendetsa, ndipo jenereta imatembenuza mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Ma turbines otere amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo mwinanso madera akumtunda.
Janka amalemba.
Бmphamvu zopanda malire?
Ofufuzawa akukonzekera kupanga makina opangira magetsi akuluakulu okhala ndi mapiko a mamita 30, ndipo m'tsogolomu adzapanga nyumba zazikulu kwambiri. Zopanda kanthu zikuyerekeza kuti turbine imodzi yotere imatha kupanga ma megawati 13,5 amagetsi, okwanira kupatsa mphamvu nyumba 13500 zaku America. Poyerekeza, turbine yamphepo yokhala ndi masamba a 47-mita imapanga ma kilowatts 600, koma imayendetsa maola 10 patsiku ndipo imayendetsa nyumba 240 zokha. .
Komabe, Dzhanka akuwonetsa kuti mawerengedwe onse adapangidwira , koma pakali pano palibe deta yowerengera momwe turbine idzachitira zenizeni. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kupanga zitsanzo zoyeserera ndikuyesa mayeso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zam'nyanja ndi lingaliro labwino, koma sikungalowe m'malo mwa mafuta oyaka. Anatero Andrea Copping, wofufuza za mphamvu za hydrokinetic ku US Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Washington. M'mafunso ake ndi Live Science, adanenanso kuti ngati zikukhudza South Florida kokha, koma luso lotereli silingathetse zosowa za dziko lonse.
Musavulaze
Mafunde a m’nyanja amakhudza mmene nyengo imayendera padziko lonse, choncho anthu angapo asonyeza kuti akuda nkhawa ndi mmene ma turbine akulowererapo pochita zimenezi. Janka akuganiza kuti izi sizikhala vuto. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Gulf Stream ili ngati “miyala yoponyedwa ku Mississippi.”
Copper akuwopa kuti kuyika makina opangira magetsi kungathe kusokoneza zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zili pafupi. Zikuganiziridwa kuti nyumbazo zidzakhazikitsidwa mozama mamita 90 kapena kuposerapo, kumene kulibe zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi, koma ndi bwino kudandaula za akamba ndi anamgumi.
M'malo mwake, machitidwe ozindikira a nyamazi amapangidwa bwino kuti azindikire ndikupewa ma turbines. Masambawo amayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo pakati pawo pali mtunda wokwanira kuti zamoyo za m'madzi zizitha kusambira. Koma izi zidzadziwika pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa dongosolo mu nyanja.
Janka ndi anzake akukonzekera kuyesa ma turbines awo ku Florida Atlantic University ku Boca Raton. Kenako akufuna kupanga chitsanzo kuchokera kugombe la South Florida.
Mphamvu ya m'nyanja idakali yakhanda ku US, koma Ocean Renewable Power idayika kale turbine yoyamba yam'madzi mu 2012 ndipo ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa zina ziwiri.
Scotland ilinso panjira yopita patsogolo kuderali lamphamvu. Dziko lakumpoto la British Isles lachita upainiya wokulitsa mphamvu za mafunde ndi mafunde, ndipo tsopano likuganiza zogwiritsa ntchito machitidwewa pamlingo wa mafakitale. Mwachitsanzo, Scottish Power adayesa turbine yamadzi a 2012-mita m'madzi a Orkney Islands mu 30, malinga ndi CNN. Chimphonachi chinapanga 1 megawati yamagetsi, yokwanira kupatsa mphamvu nyumba 500 zaku Scottish. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, kampaniyo ikukonzekera kumanga malo opangira makina opangira magetsi pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Scotland.