Tanthauzo la urticaria

Urticaria ndi totupa kamene kamadziwika ndi kuyabwa komanso mawonekedwe am'magazi ofiira ("papules"), omwe amafanana ndi mbola (mawu akuti ming'oma amachokera ku Chilatini zam'madzi, kutanthauza nettle). Urticaria ndi chizindikiro osati matenda, ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri. Timasiyanitsa:

• urticaria yovuta, yomwe imawonekera kamodzi kapena zingapo kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa mphindi zochepa mpaka maola ochepa (ndipo imatha kuwonekeranso masiku angapo), koma ikupitilira milungu yosakwana 6;
• urticaria yayikulu, yomwe imayambitsa ziwopsezo tsiku lililonse kapena kupitilira apo, ikupitilira milungu yopitilira 6.

Pamene kuukira kwa urticaria kumachitika koma osapitilira, kumatchedwa kubwereranso urticaria.

Zizindikiro za ming'oma ziukira

Urticaria imabweretsa kupezeka kwa:

• anakweza ma papule, omwe amafanana ndi mbira yoluma, yapinki kapena yofiira, yosiyana kukula kwake (mamilimita ochepa mpaka masentimita angapo), nthawi zambiri imawonekera mikono, miyendo kapena thunthu;
• kuyabwa (pruritus), nthawi zina kwambiri;
• Nthawi zina, kutupa kapena edema (angioedema), makamaka kumakhudza nkhope kapena malekezero.

Nthawi zambiri, ming'oma imatha (imatha mphindi zochepa mpaka maola ochepa) ndipo imapita yokha popanda kusiya zipsera. Komabe, zilonda zina zimatha ndipo kuwukira kumatha kupitilira masiku angapo.

Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zina zimalumikizidwa:

• malungo ochepa;
• kupweteka m'mimba kapena mavuto am'mimba;
• kupweteka kwa molumikizana.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo

Aliyense amatha kukhala ndi ming'oma, koma zinthu zina kapena matenda amatha kupangitsa kuti izi zitheke.

• kugonana kwazimayi (akazi amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa amuna3);
• zinthu zobadwa nazo: nthawi zina, mawonetseredwe amawoneka mwa makanda kapena ana aang'ono, ndipo pamakhala zochitika zingapo za urticaria m'banja (urticaria yozizira yabanja, Mückle ndi Wells syndrome);
• zolakwika zamagazi (mwachitsanzo, cryoglobulinemia) kapena kusowa kwa michere ina (C1-esterase, makamaka) 4;
• matenda ena amachitidwe (monga autoimmune thyroiditis, connectivitis, lupus, lymphoma). Pafupifupi 1% ya urticaria yayikulu imalumikizidwa ndi matenda amachitidwe: palinso zisonyezo zina5.

Zowopsa

Zinthu zingapo zimatha kuyambitsa kapena kukomoka (onani Zoyambitsa). Ambiri ndi awa:

• kumwa mankhwala ena;
• kumwa kwambiri zakudya zolemera mu histamine kapena histamino-liberators;
• kukhudzana ndi kuzizira kapena kutentha.

Ndani amakhudzidwa ndiming'oma?

Aliyense akhoza kukhudzidwa. Akuti pafupifupi 20% ya anthu ali ndi urticaria pachimake kamodzi pa moyo wawo, ndipo azimayi amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa amuna.

Mosiyana ndi izi, urticaria yayikulu ndiyosowa. Zimakhudza 1 mpaka 5% ya anthu¹.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi urticaria yayikulu amakhudzidwa kwazaka zambiri. Zikuoneka kuti 65% ya urticaria yosatha imapitilira miyezi yopitilira 12, ndipo 40% imakhalabe osachepera zaka 10.².

Zimayambitsa matenda

Njira zomwe zimakhudzira urticaria ndizovuta komanso sizimamveka bwino. Ngakhale ming'oma yoyipa nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha ziwengo, ming'oma yambiri siyomwe imayambitsa matendawo.

Maselo ena omwe amatchedwa mast cell, omwe amathandizira chitetezo cha mthupi, amakhala ndi urticaria yanthawi yayitali. Mwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa, ma cell am'magazi amachedwa kuzindikira komanso kuyambitsa, poyambitsa ndikutulutsa histamine³, zotupa zosayenera.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya urticaria

Urticaria yoyipa

Ngakhale njira sizimamveka bwino, zimadziwika kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zitha kukulitsa kapena kuyambitsa ming'oma.

Pafupifupi 75% ya milandu, kuukira kwamphamvu kwa urticaria kumayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zina:

• mankhwala amayambitsa kulanda mu 30 mpaka 50% ya milandu. Pafupifupi mankhwala aliwonse amatha kuyambitsa. Amatha kukhala maantibayotiki, mankhwala oletsa kupweteka, aspirin, mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito anti-inflammatory, mankhwala ochizira kuthamanga kwa magazi, chosiyanitsa ndi ayodini, morphine, codeine, ndi zina zambiri;
• chakudya chambiri mu histamine (tchizi, nsomba zamzitini, soseji, zitsamba zosuta, tomato, ndi zina zambiri) kapena zotchedwa "histamine-liberating" (strawberries, nthochi, mananazi, mtedza, chokoleti, mowa, mazira oyera, kudula kozizira, nsomba, nkhono …);
• kukhudzana ndi zinthu zina (latex, zodzoladzola, mwachitsanzo) kapena zomera / nyama;
• kukhudzana ndi kuzizira;
• kukhudzana ndi dzuwa kapena kutentha;
• kuthamanga kapena kukangana kwa khungu;
• kulumidwa ndi tizilombo;
• matenda opatsirana (Helicobacter pylori matenda, hepatitis B, etc.). Ulalowo sunakhazikitsidwe bwino, komabe, ndipo maphunziro akutsutsana;
• kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe;
• kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Matenda a urticaria

Matenda a urticaria amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi chilichonse chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa, koma pafupifupi 70% ya milandu, palibe chomwe chimayambitsa. Izi zimatchedwa idiopathic urticaria.

Zochitika komanso zovuta

Urticaria ndichinthu chosaopsa, koma imatha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamoyo, makamaka ikakhala yayitali.

Komabe, mitundu ina ya urticaria ndi yodetsa nkhawa kuposa ina. Izi ndichifukwa choti ming'oma imatha kukhala yachiphamaso kapena yakuya. Kachiwiri, pali zotupa zopweteka (zotupa) pakhungu kapena mamina, omwe amawoneka pankhope (angioedema), manja ndi mapazi.

Ngati edema iyi imakhudza kholingo (angioedema), kudwala kwake kumatha kukhala koopsa chifukwa kupuma kumakhala kovuta kapena kosatheka. Mwamwayi, nkhaniyi ndi yosowa.

Lingaliro la dokotala wathu

Monga gawo lamachitidwe ake abwino, Passeportsanté.net ikukupemphani kuti mupeze malingaliro a akatswiri azaumoyo. Dr Jacques Allard, dokotala wamkulu, amakupatsani malingaliro ake paming'oma :