Zamkatimu
Mtedza wa paini - izi ndi mbewu zodyedwa zamtundu wa Pine. M’lingaliro la sayansi, sichimatengedwa ngati mtedza, monga mtedza, koma njere, ngati katungulume. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutatha kutulutsa mtedza ku pine cones, chipolopolo chawo chakunja chiyeneranso kusenda musanadye (monga mbewu za mpendadzuwa). Mwasayansi, mtengo wa mkungudza ndi kwawo kummawa kwa Afghanistan, Pakistan ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India. Imakula pamtunda wa 1800 mpaka 3350 metres.
Mtedza wa pine ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri oletsa kulakalaka komanso amakuthandizani kuti muchepetse thupi chifukwa chamafuta acid opindulitsa. Kuchuluka kwa michere kumawonjezera mphamvu, pomwe mamineral ena ofunikira monga magnesium ndi mapuloteni amathandizira kupewa matenda amtima komanso matenda a shuga. Ma antioxidants omwe ali mu njerezi ndi othandiza pa nthawi ya mimba, amathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke, maso, komanso khungu ndi tsitsi.
Mapindu onse
1. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa".
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza mtedza wa pine muzakudya kumachepetsa cholesterol "yoyipa". Ndi cholesterol yochuluka, pali chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko. Cholesterol imamanga zolembera pamakoma a mitsempha, motero kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuyambitsa atherosulinosis.
Kafukufuku wa 2014 adapeza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa cholesterol lipids mwa amayi omwe ali ndi metabolic syndrome. Pofuna kupewa atherosulinosis ndi matenda ena amtima, phatikizani mtedza wa paini muzakudya zanu.
2. Imathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera.
Kuphatikiza kwa michere mu mtedza wa paini kumathandiza kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti anthu omwe amadya mtedza wa paini nthawi zonse amakhala ndi thupi lochepa komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin kukana. Mtedza wa paini uli ndi mafuta acid omwe amathandizira kuchepetsa njala ndi njala. Mafuta acids mu mtedza wa paini amatulutsa timadzi totchedwa cholecystokinin (CCK), chomwe chimadziwika kuti chimalepheretsa kudya.
3. Amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Phindu lina la thanzi la mtima wa mtedza wa paini ndi kuchuluka kwawo kwa magnesium. Kupanda magnesium wokwanira m'thupi lanu kungayambitse kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso chiopsezo cha sitiroko. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayambitsa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kulephera kwa mtima, aneurysm, kuchepa kwa impso, ndi kuwonongeka kwa maso.
Choncho, nkofunika kusunga zakudya zomwe zingachepetse kuopsa kwa matenda omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. Mafuta a monounsaturated, mavitamini E ndi K, magnesiamu ndi manganese amapanga mgwirizano wothandiza kupewa matenda amtima. Vitamini K imathandizira kutsekeka kwa magazi komanso kupewa kutaya magazi kwambiri pambuyo povulala.
4. Amathandiza thanzi mafupa.
Vitamini K amamanga mafupa bwino kuposa calcium. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi vitamini K2 wambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wa 65 peresenti kuti asathyoke mafupa. Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti vitamini K imathandiza kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda a osteoporosis. Sizimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mchere wa fupa komanso zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha fractures.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa vitamini K ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol. Koma mukamadya mtedza wa paini, simuyenera kumwa mankhwala aliwonse ochepetsa cholesterol, chifukwa mtedzawo umakhala ndi izi.
5. Amachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga mitundu ina ya khansa.
Mtedza wa paini uli ndi magnesium. Zakudya zomwe zili ndi magnesium zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha mitundu ina ya khansa. Kafukufuku adachitika ndi amuna ndi akazi opitilira 67, omwe cholinga chake chinali kuphunzira khansa ya kapamba. Asayansi apeza kuti kuchepetsa kudya kwa magnesium ndi 000 milligrams patsiku kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya kapamba ndi 100%.
Chitsanzochi sichingakhale chifukwa cha zifukwa zina, monga kusiyana kwa msinkhu ndi jenda kapena chiwerengero cha thupi. Kafukufuku wina adapeza ubale pakati pa kusakwanira kwa magnesiamu ndi khansa ya colorectal. Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi vuto losiya kusamba, mtundu uwu wa khansa ndiwofala kwambiri. Magnesium okwanira muzakudya amachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya colorectal. Pofuna kupewa khansa, akatswiri amalimbikitsa 400 milligrams ya magnesium patsiku.
6. Zimasintha thanzi la maso.
Mtedza wa paini uli ndi lutein, antioxidant carotenoid yotchedwa "vitamini wamaso". Lutein ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya zomwe anthu ambiri samapeza mokwanira. Popeza kuti thupi lathu silingathe kupanga lutein palokha, tingaipeze kuchokera ku chakudya chokha. Pa 600 carotenoids yomwe thupi lathu lingagwiritse ntchito, 20 yokha imadyetsa maso. Mwa 20 awa, awiri okha (lutein ndi zeaxanthin) amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga thanzi la maso.
Lutein ndi zeaxanthin amathandizira kupewa kuwonongeka kwa macular ndi glaucoma. Amalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma free radicals komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha dzuwa komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe awonongeka kale ku macula amatha kuletsa kuwonongeka kwina powonjezera zakudya zokhala ndi lutein pazakudya zawo. Mtedza wa pine ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chosungira maso.
7. Imalimbitsa thanzi lachidziwitso.
Kafukufuku wa 2015 adayang'ana kudya kwa magnesium kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi nkhawa, nkhawa, ndi ADHD. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti magnesium imachepetsa kupsa mtima ndi mawonetseredwe ena akunja okhudzana ndi mavuto a maganizo.
Komabe, kusinthaku sikunapezeke mwa achinyamata okha. Kafukufuku wina, yemwe adakhudza amuna ndi akazi akuluakulu a 9, adapezanso ubale pakati pa magnesium ndi kukhumudwa. Ndi kudya kokwanira kwa magnesium m'thupi, thanzi lamunthu limakhala bwino.
8. Imawonjezera mphamvu.
Zakudya zina mu mtedza wa paini, monga mafuta a monounsaturated, chitsulo, magnesium, ndi mapuloteni, zingathandize kulimbikitsa mphamvu. Kupanda zakudya zokwanira m'zakudya zanu kungayambitse kutopa.
Mtedza wa paini umathandizanso kupanga ndi kukonza minofu m'thupi. Anthu ambiri amadziwa kutopa pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuphunzitsidwa. Mtedza wa paini udzathandiza thupi kuchira msanga.
9. Imathandiza kuchepetsa matenda a shuga.
Kudya mtedza wa paini tsiku lililonse kungathandize kuthana ndi matenda a shuga a 2, malinga ndi kafukufuku. Mtedza wa pine umalepheretsanso zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matendawa (mavuto amasomphenya ndi chiopsezo cha sitiroko). Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 omwe amadya mtedza wa paini tsiku lililonse anali atawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kuchepa kwa cholesterol yoyipa.
Mtedza wa pine sungathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso lipids zamagazi. Odwala amtundu wa 2 shuga amagwiritsa ntchito mtedza wa pine kuti awonjezere kudya kwawo kwamafuta a masamba ndi mapuloteni, zinthu ziwiri zofunika.
10. Kuchulukitsa chitetezo chokwanira.
Manganese ndi zinc zomwe zili mu mtedza wa paini zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Ngakhale manganese amathandizira kuti thupi liziyenda bwino m'thupi komanso kachulukidwe ka minofu, zinc imathandizira chitetezo chamthupi ndikuchiritsa mabala. Zinc imathandizanso kugwira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo a T (mtundu wa maselo oyera a magazi) omwe amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tolowa m'thupi.
11. Ali ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa.
Vitamini B2 imathandizira kupanga corticosteroids (mahomoni omwe amachepetsa kutupa). Mtedza wa pine umathandizira kuchepetsa kutupa, kotero iwo adzakhala othandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ziphuphu, cystitis, cholecystitis ndi pyelonephritis.
Maubwino azimayi
12. Zothandiza panthawi yoyembekezera.
Mtedza wa pine uli ndi fiber yambiri, yomwe ingathandize kuthetsa kudzimbidwa, vuto lofala pa nthawi ya mimba. Iron ndi mapuloteni amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa thanzi la mayi ndi mwana. Mtedza wa paini uli ndi vitamini C, womwe umathandiza kuyamwa chitsulo bwino. Mafuta acids adzaonetsetsa kuti ubongo wa mwanayo upangidwe bwino ndikumuchotsa ku njala ya okosijeni. Komanso, mtedza wa paini umalimbikitsa kupanga mkaka wa m'mawere ndikuwongolera bwino.
13. Amathetsa vutoli panthawi ya kusamba ndi kusamba.
Mtedza wa pine umalimbikitsidwa nthawi zowawa. Amakhazikika m'thupi ndikuwongolera maziko amalingaliro am'maganizo. Mtedza wa pine uli ndi machiritso omwewo pa thupi lachikazi panthawi yosiya kusamba.
Mapindu a Khungu
14. Amatsitsimutsa ndi kuchiritsa khungu.
Kuchuluka kwa mavitamini osiyanasiyana ofunikira, mchere ndi ma antioxidants kumapangitsa mtedza wa paini kukhala wopindulitsa kwambiri pakusamalira khungu. Vitamini E ndi antioxidants amathandiza kuchepetsa ukalamba. Mtedza wa pine umathandizira kulimbana ndi matenda a dermatological. Iwo amachiza furunculosis, psoriasis, ziphuphu zakumaso ndi chikanga.
15. Amanyowetsa ndikudyetsa khungu.
Chopaka thupi chopangidwa ndi mtedza wa pine yaiwisi ndi mafuta a kokonati kuti mutsitsimutse khungu pochotsa maselo akufa. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zochepetsetsa kwambiri, scrub iyi ndi chinthu chodziwika kuti chikhale chonyowa komanso chopatsa thanzi pakhungu.
Mapindu Atsitsi
16. Imalimbikitsa tsitsi kukula ndi kulimbitsa.
Mtedza wa paini ndi gwero lambiri la vitamini E, lomwe ndi lofunikira pakukula kwa tsitsi. Anthu omwe akudwala tsitsi kapena tsitsi lawonda ayenera kuphatikiza mtedza wa paini muzakudya zawo. Amakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri omwe amateteza tsitsi kuti lisawonongeke komanso likhale lolimba, lathanzi komanso lonyezimira.
Zopindulitsa kwa amuna
17. Zimasintha mphamvu.
Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mtedza wa paini kuti muwonjezere potency ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu zamphongo. Zinc, arginine, mavitamini A ndi E mu mtedza amawongolera dongosolo la genitourinary ndikupatsanso kukhazikika kokhazikika. Komanso, mtedza wa paini ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa prostate adenoma ndi prostatitis.
Zovuta komanso zotsutsana
1. Zingayambitse ziwengo.
Mtedza wa pine ukhoza kuyambitsa ziwengo, zomwe zambiri zimakhala anaphylactic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati muli ndi matupi a mtedza wina, muyenera kupewa mtedza wa paini. Kusagwirizana kwina (kocheperako) kwa mtedza wa paini kumatchedwa Pine-Mouth Syndrome.
Ndizopanda vuto koma zimatulutsa kukoma kowawa kapena chitsulo chifukwa chodya mtedza wa paini. Palibe mankhwala a Pine-Mouth Syndrome kupatula kusiya kudya mtedza wa paini mpaka zizindikirozo zitatha. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa chodya mtedza wa rancid ndi fungal-virus.
2. Pakhoza kukhala mavuto ndi mimba ndi kuyamwitsa.
Inde, mtedza wa paini ndi wabwino pa mimba ndi kuyamwitsa. Koma mwachikatikati. Funsani dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito. Kudya mtedza mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse ziwengo ndi mavuto am'mimba.
3. Angayambitse matenda ngati amwedwa mopitirira muyeso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mtedza wa paini kumayambitsa kumva kuwawa mkamwa ndi kufooka. Zizindikiro sizingawonekere nthawi yomweyo, koma patatha masiku angapo. Kugona, chizungulire, nseru ndi kusanza, kutupa kwa mafupa, ndulu ndi m'mimba thirakiti ndizothekanso.
4. Osavomerezeka kwa ana aang'ono.
Chifukwa mtedza wa paini ndi wawung'ono, ukhoza kukhala wovulaza ana aang'ono. Mtedza ukauzira kapena kuumeza, ukhoza kuyambitsa kutsekeka kwa mayendedwe a mpweya. Ana ang'onoang'ono ayenera kupatsidwa mtedza wa paini moyang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu.
5. Sikuyenda bwino ndi nyama.
Ngati mumadya pafupipafupi 50 g mtedza wa paini, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nyama muzakudya zanu. Kudzaza thupi ndi zomanga thupi kungachititse kuti impso zivutike kwambiri. Ngati mumadya mtedza tsiku lililonse, musadye nyama zosaposa 4-5 pa sabata.
Kupangidwa kwa mankhwala
Mtengo wopatsa thanzi wa mtedza wa paini (100 g) ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo watsiku ndi tsiku:
- Mtengo wa zakudya
- mavitamini
- Ma Macronutrients
- Tsatani Zinthu
- zopatsa mphamvu 673 zopatsa mphamvu - 47,26%;
- mapuloteni 13,7 g - 16,71%;
- mafuta 68,4 g - 105,23%;
- chakudya 13,1 g - 10,23%;
- zakudya zamagetsi 3,7 g - 18,5%;
- madzi 2,28 g - 0,09%.
- Ndipo 1 mcg - 0,1%;
- beta-carotene 0,017 mg - 0,3%;
- S 0,8 mg - 0,9%;
- E 9,33 mg - 62,2%;
- Mpaka 54 μg - 45%;
- V1 0,364 mg - 24,3%;
- V2 0,227 mg - 12,6%;
- V5 0,013 mg - 6,3%;
- V6 0,094 mg -4,7%;
- B9 34 μg - 8,5%;
- PP 4,387 mg - 21,9%.
- potaziyamu 597 mg - 23,9%;
- calcium 18 mg - 1,8%;
- magnesium 251 mg - 62,8%;
- sodium 2 mg - 0,2%;
- phosphorous 575 mg - 71,9%.
- chitsulo 5,53 mg - 30,7%;
- manganese 8,802 mg - 440,1%;
- mkuwa 1324 μg - 132,4%;
- selenium 0,7 μg - 1,3%;
- nthaka 4,28 mg - 35,7%.
ziganizo
Ngakhale mtengo wa mtedza wa paini ndiwokwera kwambiri, ndiwowonjezera pazakudya zanu. Mtedza wa paini uli ndi mavitamini, mchere ndi zinthu zina zofunika pa thanzi labwino. Kaya mukufuna kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena kuchepetsa cholesterol, mtedza wa pine ungakuthandizeni. Ganizirani zotheka contraindications ndi kufunsa dokotala ngati n'koyenera.
Zida Zothandiza
- Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa".
- Amathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera.
- Amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Imathandizira thanzi la mafupa.
- Amachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.
- Bwino thanzi diso.
- Normalizes thanzi thanzi.
- Kuchulukitsa mphamvu.
- Imathandiza kuwongolera matenda a shuga.
- Kuchulukitsa chitetezo chokwanira.
- Ali ndi anti-inflammatory properties.
- Othandiza pa mimba.
- Amachepetsa msambo ndi kusintha kwa msambo.
- Amatsitsimutsa ndi kuchiritsa khungu.
- Amanyowetsa komanso amadyetsa khungu.
- Imalimbikitsa kukula kwa tsitsi ndi kulimbikitsa.
- Kumawonjezera potency.
Katundu wowononga
- Zitha kuyambitsa ziwengo.
- Pakhoza kukhala mavuto ndi mimba ndi kuyamwitsa.
- Zitha kuyambitsa mavuto azaumoyo ngati zimwedwa mopitilira muyeso.
- Osavomerezeka kwa ana aang'ono.
- Sikuyenda bwino ndi nyama.
Magwero Ofufuza
Maphunziro akuluakulu okhudza ubwino ndi kuopsa kwa mtedza wa paini achitidwa ndi madokotala ndi asayansi akunja. Pansipa mutha kudziwana ndi magwero oyambira ofufuza pamaziko omwe nkhaniyi idalembedwa:
Magwero Ofufuza
1.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26054525
2.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25238912
3.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26123047
4.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082204
5.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082204
6.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14647095
7.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554653
8.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26390877
9.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19168000
10.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373528
11.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25748766
12.http//www.stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/17991
13.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26727761
14.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23677661
15. https://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20060328/pine-nut-oil-cut-appetite
16https: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/04/060404085953.htm
17. http://nfscfaculty.tamu.edu/talcott/courses/FSTC605/Food%20Product%20Design/Satiety.pdf
18.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076237
19https: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110712094201.htm
20. https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/news/20110708/nuts-good-some-with-diabetes#1
21.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373528
22.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554653
23.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16030366
24. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/best-superfoods-for-weight-loss/21/
25. https://www.nutritionletter.tufts.edu/issues/12_5/current-articles/Extra-Zinc-Boosts-Immune-System-in-Older-Adults_1944-1.html
Zowonjezera zothandiza za mtedza wa paini
Kagwiritsidwe
1. Pokaphika.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za mtedza wa paini ndikukonza pesto. M'maphikidwe a pesto, mtedza wa pine nthawi zambiri umatchedwa pignoli kapena pinole ku Italy. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri mu saladi ndi mbale zina zozizira. Mutha kuyanika pang'ono mtedza wa pine kuti ukhale wokoma kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo pang'ono, amalumikizana bwino ndi zakudya zotsekemera komanso zamchere.
Si zachilendo kupeza mtedza wa paini ngati chophatikizira mu biskoti, mabisiketi, ndi mitundu ina ya keke. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mtedza wa pine mu mawonekedwe awo achilengedwe nthawi zonse ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mtedza wa paini ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku buledi, ma pizza opangira tokha, ndi zokometsera zingapo (ayisikilimu, ma smoothies, ndi zina zambiri).
2. Tincture pa mtedza wa paini.
Tincture amathandizira kukhazikika kwa machitidwe onse amkati mwathupi. Imathandiza kuyeretsa magazi ndi zamitsempha, bwino kumva ndi masomphenya, normalizes mchere kagayidwe, ndi zina zambiri. Okonzeka kuchokera ku chipolopolo ndi mbewu za mtengo wa mkungudza, wophatikizidwa ndi mowa wamphamvu.
3. Mu cosmetology.
Mtedza wa pine umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu masks ndi scrubs. Mu cosmetology, mtedza waiwisi umagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Amasinthidwa kukhala ufa ndikusakaniza ndi zinthu zina. Kwa khungu lamafuta, mwachitsanzo, kefir imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pakhungu louma - kirimu wowawasa. Chigoba ichi chimathandiza kulimbana ndi kuphulika kwa khungu ndi makwinya.
Kukonzekera zokopa, gwiritsani ntchito zipolopolo zosweka ndikusakaniza, mwachitsanzo, ndi ufa wa oat. Kenaka yikani madontho angapo a madzi ozizira ndipo scrub ndi yokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa khungu steamed pambuyo kusamba. Choncho kuyeretsa kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri.
Momwe mungasankhire
- Pogula mtedza wa paini pamsika, nthawi zonse sankhani mbewu zofiirira zowoneka bwino zomwe zimakhala zophatikizika komanso zofananira kukula kwake.
- Yesani kugwetsa mtedza kuchokera pamalo otsika. Ngati apanga phokoso lachitsulo, khalidwe lawo ndi lotsimikizika.
- Mtedza wa paini uyenera kukhala wolemera komanso wopanda ming'alu.
- Nsonga za mtedza watsopano ziyenera kukhala zopepuka. Mphepete mwakuda ndi umboni wa mtedza wakale.
- Kadontho kakuda kamakhala pa kernel yosayengedwa. Kusowa kwake kumasonyeza kuti mulibe mtedza mkati.
- Fungo liyenera kukhala losangalatsa, lopanda zonyansa.
- Kubetcha kwanu kwabwino ndikugula maso osayengedwa.
- Samalani tsiku lopanga, makamaka ngati mankhwalawa akuyengedwa. Ndikoyenera kuti mtedza ukololedwe mu September kapena October.
Momwe mungasungire
- Mtedza wosasenda umakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa mtedza wosenda. Akhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
- Mtedza wosenda amasungidwa kwa miyezi itatu.
- Mtedza wokazinga ndi wosayenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Amawonongeka mosavuta, makamaka ngati asungidwa pamalo otentha ndi amvula. Ndi bwino kusunga mtedza pamalo ozizira ouma.
- Mtedza wa paini ukhoza kusungidwa mufiriji ndi mufiriji, ukauyika m’chidebe chotchinga mpweya.
- Yang'anani chinyezi cha mtedza kamodzi pa sabata, sayenera kupitirira 55%.
- Osagula mtedza mu ma cones, chifukwa sizidziwika kuti asungidwa nthawi yayitali bwanji, ndipo matenda amawunjikana m'mbale.
Mbiri yazomwe zachitika
Mtedza wa paini wakhala chakudya chofunikira kwambiri kwa zaka masauzande ambiri. Malinga ndi zolemba zina za mbiri yakale, Amwenye Achimereka a ku Great Basin (mapiri a m'chipululu kumadzulo kwa United States) akhala akusonkhanitsa mtedza wa pignon kwa zaka zoposa 10. Nthawi yokolola mtedza wa paini inali kutha kwa nyengo. Amwenye a ku America ankakhulupirira kuti aka kanali kukolola kwawo komaliza asananyamuke m’nyengo yozizira. M'madera amenewa, mtedza wa paini umadziwikabe kuti mtedza wa pignon kapena mtedza wa pinona.
Ku Ulaya ndi Asia, mtedza wa paini wakhala wotchuka kuyambira nthawi ya Paleolithic. Madokotala aku Egypt adagwiritsa ntchito mtedza wa paini pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Wafilosofi ndi wasayansi wina wa ku Perisiya analimbikitsa ngakhale kuzidya kuti zichiritse chikhodzodzo ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana. Asilikali achiroma amadziwika kuti amadya mtedza wa paini asanamenyane pamene adalanda dziko la Britain zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo.
Olemba achi Greek adatchula mtedza wa paini koyambirira kwa 300 BC. Ngakhale mtedza wa paini umapezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi kontinenti iliyonse, mitundu 20 yokha ya mitengo ya paini ku Europe, North America ndi Asia ndiyoyenera kudyedwa ndi anthu. Mtedza wa paini wakhala ukulimidwa kwa zaka zoposa 10 ndipo amatchulidwa m'mbiri yakale yachi Greek
Momwe amakulira
Pali mitundu 20 ya mitengo ya paini yomwe mtedza wa paini umadulidwamo. Njira yosonkhanitsa mtedza ndi yovuta. Zimayamba ndi kutulutsa mtedza ku pine cone yakucha. Malingana ndi mtundu wa mtengo, njirayi ingatenge zaka ziwiri.
Nsonga ikakhwima, imakololedwa, kuikidwa mu burlap ndi kutenthedwa ndi kutentha (nthawi zambiri dzuwa) kuti ziume. Kuyanika nthawi zambiri kumatha pakadutsa masiku 20. Kenako chulucho chimaphwanyidwa ndipo mtedza umachotsedwa.
Mtengo wa mkungudza umakonda nthaka yonyowa (mchenga wa loam kapena loamy), kutentha kwapakati. Imakula bwino m'mapiri otsetsereka owala bwino. Mtengowo umakula mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 50, zipatso zoyamba zimabala pambuyo pa zaka 50 za moyo. Cedar pine imapezeka ku Siberia, Altai ndi Eastern Urals.
Posachedwapa, mitengo ya mkungudza yabzalidwa kwambiri m'malo ochezera a Black Sea. Pali mitundu ya mtengo uwu yomwe imamera ku Sakhalin ndi East Asia. Wopanga kwambiri mtedza wa paini ndi Russia. Ikutsatiridwa ndi Mongolia, kenako Kazakhstan. China ndiye amene amaitanitsa mtedza wa pine.
Mfundo Zokondweretsa
- Mtedza wambiri wa paini umatenga pafupifupi miyezi 18 kuti ukhwime, pafupifupi zaka zitatu.
- Ku Russia, mtedza wa pine umatchedwa zipatso za mkungudza wa ku Siberia. Mbewu za mkungudza zenizeni sizidyedwa.
- Ku Italy, mtedza wa pine umadziwika zaka zoposa 2000 zapitazo. Anapezeka pofukula ku Pompeii.
- Pakakhala zinthu zabwino, mtengo wa mkungudza ukhoza kukhala zaka 800. Nthawi zambiri, mitengo ya mkungudza imakhala zaka 200-400.
- Mkaka wowonda ndi zonona za masamba zinapangidwa kuchokera ku mtedza wa paini ku Siberia.
- Nkhuku za mtedza ndi ngalande zabwino za nthaka.
- Pokonzekera paella wotchuka, anthu a ku Spain amagwiritsa ntchito ufa wa pine.
- Kuchokera pa 3 kilogalamu ya mtedza, 1 lita imodzi ya mafuta a pine amatengedwa.
- Kuchokera pamalingaliro a botanical, mtedza wa paini uyenera kutchedwa mbewu za paini.
- Mkungudza weniweni ndi mtundu wosiyana kwambiri wa conifers. Amamera ku Asia, Lebanon.