Chiberekero (kuchokera ku Latin uterus), ndi chiwalo chopanda kanthu cha njira yoberekera yachikazi ndipo cholinga chake ndi kulolera ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwa dzira la umuna.

Location. The chiberekero ili m`chiuno kumbuyo kwa chikhodzodzo, ndi kutsogolo kwa rectum. Chiberekero chimakhala ngati piramidi yotembenuzidwa. Kumtunda kwake, machubu awiri a chiberekero, kapena mazira, amalowetsedwa kumbali iliyonse ya nkhope. Kumunsi kwake kumatsegukira kumaliseche. (1)

kapangidwe. Chiberekero ndi chiwalo chopanda dzenje chokhala ndi makoma okhuthala, makamaka aminofu. Amapangidwa ndi magawo awiri (1) (2):

• Thupi la chiberekero ndilo gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Imakhala kuchokera pansi pa chiberekero, kumtunda kozungulira kumene machubu a fallopian amalowetsedwera, mpaka kupanikizana kumapanga mphambano pakati pa thupi ndi khomo lachiberekero, yotchedwa isthmus ya chiberekero.
• Khomo lachiberekero ndilo gawo lochepetsedwa lopangidwa ndi magawo awiri:

  - Endocervix, kapena endocervical canal ndi gawo lamkati la khomo la chiberekero lomwe limayambira kuchokera kumtunda ndikupitilira mpaka polowera kumaliseche.

  - The exocervix, amafanana ndi kunja kwa khomo lachiberekero ndipo ili kumtunda kwa nyini.

Wall. Khoma la chiberekero limapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu (3):

• Perimetrium yomwe imafanana ndi gawo lakunja lokutira thupi ndi gawo la chiberekero.
• The myometrium yomwe imapanga gawo lapakati lopangidwa ndi minofu yosalala
• Endometrium yomwe ili mkati mwa chiberekero ndi ma cell a glandular.

Support. Mitsempha yosiyana imathandizira chiberekero, makamaka mitsempha ya uterosacral, kapena mitsempha yozungulira ya chiberekero. (1)

Udindo pa mimba. Chiberekero chimapangidwa makamaka kuti chikhale ndi mluza. Pa nthawi ya umuna wa dzira, yotsirizirayo adzadziika yekha mu endometrium pa mlingo wa thupi la chiberekero.

Kusamba kwa msambo. Zimapanga kusintha kwa zida zachikazi kuti athe kulandira dzira la umuna. Popanda umuna, endometrium, nthiti za thupi la chiberekero, zimawonongeka ndikuthamangitsidwa kupyolera mu khomo lachiberekero ndiyeno kupyolera mu nyini. Chodabwitsa ichi chimagwirizana ndi nthawi ya kusamba.

Cervical dysplasia. Dysplasia ndi zotupa za precancerous. Nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika pamalo olumikizirana pakati pa khomo pachibelekeropo ndi thupi lachiberekero. Amatha kufalikira mbali zonse za ectocervix ndi endocervix.

Vuto la papilloma virus. Human papillomavirus (HPV) ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Zimabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana: zina zimatha kuyambitsa zilonda zam'mimba pomwe zina zimathandizira kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba. Pamapeto pake, kachilombo ka papillomavirus kamatchedwa kuti oncogenic kapena "pangozi yayikulu" (4).

Zotupa za Benign. Zotupa za Benign (zopanda khansa) zimatha kukula (3).

• Uterine fibroids. Chotupa choopsachi chimachokera ku maselo a minofu, makamaka a khoma la chiberekero.
• Endometriosis. Matendawa amafanana ndi kukula kwa minofu ya endometrial kunja kwa chiberekero.

Khansa ya chiberekero. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa imatha kukhala m'chiberekero.

• Khansara ya endometrial. Khansara imayamba m'maselo endometrial amthupi la chiberekero. Zimayimira ambiri a khansa ya uterine.
• Khansara ya khomo lachiberekero Khansara ya khomo lachiberekero Khansa ya khomo lachiberekero imatha kuchitika ngati zotupa zam'mimba, kuphatikiza khomo lachiberekero dysplasia, zimasanduka maselo a khansa.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kutengera matenda ndi kupita patsogolo kwake, atha kuchitidwa opaleshoni monga kuchotsa gawo la chiberekero (conization).

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chithandizo chothandizira. Chithandizo cha khansa chitha kukhala chemotherapy, radiotherapy kapena chithandizo chofunikira.

Kuyezetsa thupi. Choyamba, kuyezetsa thupi kumachitidwa kuti awone zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za ululu.

Kuyeza kujambula kwachipatala Pelvic ultrasound, CT scan, kapena MRI angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda m'chiberekero.

Hysterography. Kufufuza uku kumapangitsa kuti chiberekero chiwoneke.

Colposcopy: Kuyeza kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wowona makoma a khomo pachibelekeropo.5

Biopsy: Yochitidwa pansi pa colposcopy, imakhala ndi chitsanzo cha minofu.

Pap smear: Izi zimakhala ndi zitsanzo za maselo ochokera kumtunda kwa nyini, ectocervix ndi endocervix.

Kuyesedwa kwa HPV. Kuyesaku kumachitika kuti muwone ngati papillomavirus ya anthu.

Kuyambira 2006, katemera wakhala akupezeka kuti ateteze matenda chifukwa cha papillomavirus ya anthu. Kupita patsogolo kwachipatala kumeneku kunatheka chifukwa cha ntchito ya katswiri wa virologist Harald zur Hausen, wopambana Mphotho ya Nobel pazamankhwala mu 20086 Pambuyo pazaka zopitilira 10 za kafukufuku, wachita bwino kuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha papillomavirus yamunthu komanso kupezeka kwa Khansa.