M’miyambo ya makolo, kufunafuna masomphenya kunali mwambo wosonyeza kutha kwa nyengo yofunika kwambiri m’moyo wa munthu ndi kuyamba kwa ina. Kufuna masomphenya kumachitidwa nokha, mu mtima wa chilengedwe, kuyang'anizana ndi zinthu ndi inu nokha. Zogwirizana ndi madera athu amakono, zimatengera ulendo wokonzedwa ndi owongolera anthu omwe akufunafuna njira yatsopano kapena tanthauzo la moyo wawo. Nthawi zambiri timayenda ulendowu nthawi ya mafunso, zovuta, maliro, kupatukana, ndi zina.

Kufuna masomphenyawo kuli ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zitha kukumana nazo: kupatukana ndi malo omwe amakhala nthawi zonse, kubwerera kumalo akutali komanso kusala kudya kwamasiku anayi m'chipululu, okhala ndi zida zochepa zopulumukira. Ulendo wamkati uwu umafuna kulimba mtima komanso kuthekera kotsegula njira ina yowonera, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi kukhala patsogolo panu, popanda mfundo zina zomwe zimatchulidwa kuposa chilengedwe chokha.

Woyambitsa amaphunzira kuwona mosiyana, kuyang'ana zizindikiro ndi zozizwitsa zomwe chilengedwe chimamutumizira ndikupeza zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi zomwe zimabisa moyo wake. Kufunafuna masomphenya si njira yopumula. Zitha kukhala zowawa kwambiri, chifukwa zimaphatikizanso kulimbana ndi mantha amkati ndi ziwanda. Njirayi imakumbutsa nthano zopeka komanso zongopeka pomwe ngwazi zimayenera kumenya nkhondo mopanda chifundo, kuthana ndi zopinga zoipitsitsa ndikugonjetsa zilombo zamitundu yonse kuti pamapeto pake zituluke osandulika ndikumasulidwa ku maunyolo awo.

Kuti mumvetse bwino tanthauzo la kufunafuna masomphenya, komwe kumachitidwa ndi anthu amtundu waku North America, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa maziko a uzimu wawo. Kwa iwo, umulungu ndi chipembedzo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi Amayi Earth ndipo zimawonekera mu zolengedwa zonse za dziko lapansi. Palibe ulamuliro pakati pa zamoyo zamoyo komanso palibe kulekana pakati pa zamoyo zapadziko lapansi ndi za moyo wotsatira. Ndi chifukwa cha kuyanjana kosalekeza kumeneku pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, zonse zokhala ndi moyo ndi mzimu, kuti zimalandira yankho kapena kudzoza mwa mawonekedwe a masomphenya ndi maloto. Ngakhale timati tili ndi malingaliro ndikuyambitsa malingaliro, Amwenye Achimereka amati amawalandira kuchokera ku mphamvu za chilengedwe. Kwa iwo, kupangidwa si chipatso cha luso la kulenga laumunthu, koma mphatso yoikidwa mwa woyambitsayo ndi mzimu wakunja.

Olemba ena amakhulupirira kuti kuwonekeranso kwa miyambo yachikhalidwe mdera lathu kumachokera kukusaka kwathu uzimu wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso nkhawa zathu zoteteza chilengedwe. Tili ndi ngongole Steven Foster ndi Meredith Little¹ chifukwa chodziwitsa anthu za kufunafuna masomphenya mu 1970s, choyamba ku America, kenako ku Ulaya. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu angapo athandizira kukulitsa mchitidwewu, womwe mu 1988 unabereka bungwe la Wilderness Guides Council.², gulu lapadziko lonse lachisinthiko chokhazikika. Masiku ano ndi mfundo ya otsogolera, otsogolera ophunzira ndi anthu omwe akufuna kuchita machiritso auzimu m'malo achilengedwe. Bungweli lakhazikitsanso ndondomeko ya kakhalidwe ndi kachitidwe kokhudza kulemekeza chilengedwe, ife eni ndi ena.

Mwachizoloŵezi, kufunafuna masomphenya kunali kochitidwa ndi amuna kuti asonyeze kusintha kuchokera ku unamwali kupita ku unyamata. Masiku ano, amuna ndi akazi amene amachita zimenezi amachokera m’zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, mosasamala kanthu za udindo wawo kapena msinkhu wawo. Monga chida chodzidzimutsa, kufunafuna masomphenya ndikwabwino kwa iwo omwe akumva kuti ali okonzeka kusintha moyo wawo. Akhoza kukhala maziko amphamvu omwe pambuyo pake angamupatse mphamvu zamkati kuti apitirire malire ake. Ambiri amatsimikizira kuti kufunafuna masomphenya kumapangitsa kuti munthu apeze tanthauzo m'moyo.

Kufunafuna masomphenya nthawi zina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo enaake a psychotherapeutic. Mu 1973, katswiri wa zamaganizo Tom Pinkson, Ph.D., adachita kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zotsatira za masewera olimbitsa thupi akunja, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana, pochiza achinyamata omwe akuyambiranso kugwiritsa ntchito heroin. Kuphunzira kwake, komwe kunafalikira kwa chaka chimodzi, kunamulola kuti awone kuti nthawi yosinkhasinkha yomwe adafunsidwa inali ndi zotsatira zabwino.³. Kwa zaka zoposa 20, wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi ndi anthu amene akulimbana ndi vuto la kumwerekera komanso anthu odwala matenda osachiritsika.

M'chidziwitso chathu, palibe kafukufuku wowona momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito yomwe yasindikizidwa m'magazini asayansi.

• Palibe zotsutsana zovomerezeka pakufunafuna masomphenya. Komabe, asanatengepo gawoli, wotsogolerayo awonetsetse kuti zomwe zachitikazo sizikupereka chiopsezo ku thanzi la wophunzirayo pomuuza kuti alembe mafunso azachipatala. Angamufunsenso kuti aonane ndi dokotala kapena kupeza lingaliro lachipatala kuti apewe vuto lililonse.

Mfundo zothandiza

Maulendo amasomphenya amapezeka ku Quebec, m'zigawo zina za Canada, ku United States, komanso ku Ulaya. Zofunsidwa zina zimapangidwira magulu azaka zakubadwa ngati 14 mpaka 21 kapena akuluakulu.

Kukonzekera kwa ulendo waukulu wamkati umenewu kumayamba kalekale gululo lisanafike pamsasawo. Otsogolera afunse wophunzirayo kuti afotokoze tanthauzo la njira yake mu kalata ya cholinga (zoyembekeza ndi zolinga). Kuphatikiza apo, pali mafunso azachipatala oti amalize, malangizo owonjezera komanso kuyankhulana patelefoni.

Nthawi zambiri, kufunafuna kumachitika pagulu (anthu 6 mpaka 12) okhala ndi maupangiri awiri. Nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku khumi ndi limodzi ndipo imakhala ndi magawo atatu: gawo lokonzekera (masiku anayi); kufunafuna masomphenya, pamene woyambitsayo amapuma yekha kumalo osankhidwa kale pafupi ndi msasa kumene amasala kwa masiku anayi; ndipo potsiriza, kuphatikizidwanso mu gulu ndi masomphenya omwe analandira (masiku atatu).

Panthawi yokonzekera, otsogolera amatsagana ndi anthu ochita nawo miyambo ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsana ndi dziko lauzimu. Zochita izi zimakulolani kuti mufufuze mabala anu amkati, kuti mukhale chete ndi chilengedwe, kuti muyang'ane ndi mantha anu (imfa, kusungulumwa, kusala kudya), kugwira ntchito ndi mbali ziwiri za kukhala kwanu (zowala ndi zakuda), kuti mupange mwambo wanu. kulankhula ndi zamoyo zina, kulowa m'chizimbwizimbwi mwa kuvina ndi kulota, etc. Mwachidule, ndi za kuphunzira kuona mosiyana.

Zina mwazochitikazo zimatha kusinthidwa, mwachitsanzo, kupita ku zakudya zoletsedwa m'malo mosala kudya kwathunthu pamene munthu ali ndi hypoglycemia. Pomaliza, njira zachitetezo zimakonzedwa, makamaka kuwonetsa mbendera, ngati chizindikiro chamavuto.

Kuti muyambitse njirayi, malo okulirapo nthawi zina amapereka misonkhano-misonkhano pankhaniyi.

Training

Kutsatira mapangidwe pofunafuna masomphenya, m'pofunika kuti wakhala kale zinachitikira. Maphunziro a kalozera wa ophunzira nthawi zambiri amatenga milungu iwiri ndipo amaperekedwa m'munda, ndiye kuti ngati gawo la masomphenya olinganizidwa.

Blue Eagle. Cholowa chauzimu cha Amereka. Zosindikiza za Mortagne, Canada, 2000.

Za mbadwa za Algonquin, wolemba amagawana nafe zinsinsi za uzimu wa Amerindian, cholowa chomwe wasonkhanitsa kwa akulu kwa zaka makumi awiri. Kulimbikitsa kubwerera ku chigwirizano ndi mgwirizano, kumakhudza kwambiri mtima. Aigle Bleu amakhala pafupi ndi mzinda wa Quebec ndipo amapita kumayiko angapo kukapereka chidziwitso.

Casavant Bernard. Solo: Tale of a Vision Quest. Zosindikiza za du Roseau, Canada, 2000.

Wolembayo akufotokoza zomwe adakumana nazo pofunafuna masomphenya omwe amakhala yekha pachilumba chakumpoto kwa Quebec. Amatiuza za mmene akumvera mumtima mwake, kusatetezeka kwake, zongopeka za chikomokere chake, ndi chiyembekezo chimene chili pafupi.

Plotkin Bill. Soulcraft - Kuwolokera Kuzinsinsi Zachilengedwe ndi Psyche, New World Library, United States, 2003.

Chitsogozo cha mafunso amasomphenya kuyambira 1980, wolemba akuwonetsa kuti tipezenso maulalo omwe amagwirizanitsa chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe chathu. Zolimbikitsa.

Animas Valley Institute

Kufotokozera kwabwino kwambiri kwa njira yofunafuna masomphenya. Bill Plotkin, katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi wotsogolera kuyambira 1980, akupereka mutu woyamba wa bukhu lake Soulcraft: Kuwoloka mu Zinsinsi Zachilengedwe ndi Psyche (dinani pa About Soulcraft gawo ndiye Onani Mutu 1).

www.animas.org

Ho Rites of Passage

Malo a amodzi mwamalo oyamba kupereka masomphenya ku Quebec.

www.horites.com

Sukulu ya Malire Otayika

Malo a Steven Foster ndi Meredith Little, omwe adayambitsa masomphenya ku America. Maulalo amatsogolera ku maumboni ambiri osangalatsa.

www.schooloflostborders.com

Bungwe la Wilderness Guides

Bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe lapanga ndondomeko ya kakhalidwe ndi mfundo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pofunafuna masomphenya ndi miyambo ina yachikhalidwe. Tsambali limapereka chikwatu cha maupangiri padziko lonse lapansi (makamaka olankhula Chingerezi).

www.wildernessguidescouncil.org