Zamkatimu
Dzinalo lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, menaquinone, phylloquinone.
kufotokozera mwachidule
Vitamini wosungunuka wamafuta uyu ndiwofunikira pamagwiritsidwe a mapuloteni angapo omwe amaphatikizira magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, vitamini K imathandizira thupi lathu kukhala ndi thanzi komanso.
Mbiri yakupeza
Vitamini K adapezeka mwangozi mu 1929 poyesa kagayidwe kake ka sterols, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adalumikizidwa ndi kutseka magazi. Zaka khumi zikubwerazi, mavitamini akulu a K gulu, phylloquinone ndi menahinon adawonetsedwa ndikuwonekera kwathunthu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, oyambitsa mavitamini K oyamba adapezeka ndikuphatikizidwa ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimachokera, warfarin, yomwe imagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano.
Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakumvetsetsa kwathu kwa momwe vitamini K imagwirira ntchito kunachitika mchaka cha 1970 ndikupezeka kwa γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), amino acid watsopano wofala pamapuloteni onse a vitamini K. Izi sizinangokhala ngati maziko kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zapezedwa koyambirira za prothrombin, komanso zidadzetsa kupezeka kwa mapuloteni otengera vitamini K (VKP), osachita nawo hemostasis. Ma 1970 adawonetsanso kupambana kofunikira pakumvetsetsa kwathu kayendedwe ka vitamini K. Ma 1990s ndi 2000s adadziwika ndi maphunziro ofunikira a matenda opatsirana omwe amayang'ana kutanthauzira kwa vitamini K, makamaka m'matenda am'mafupa ndi mtima.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za Vitamini K
Zikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa pafupifupi 100 g ya malonda:
| + Zakudya 20 zowonjezera vitamini K (kuchuluka kwa μg mu 100 g ya chipangizocho chikuwonetsedwa): | |||||||
| ng'ombe chiwindi | 106 | kiwi | 40.3 | Letesi ya Iceberg | 24.1 | Mkhaka | 16.4 |
| Broccoli (watsopano) | 101.6 | Nyama yankhuku | 35.7 | Peyala | 21 | Tsiku lowuma | 15.6 |
| Kabichi woyera | 76 | Cashew | 34.1 | blueberries | 19.8 | Mphesa | 14.6 |
| Mitedza Yambiri Yamtundu | 43 | maula | 26.1 | Mabulosi abulu | 19.3 | Kaloti | 13,2 |
| Katsitsumzukwa | 41.6 | Mtola wobiriwira | 24.8 | garnet | 16.4 | currant wofiira | 11 |
Kufunika kwa vitamini tsiku lililonse
Pakadali pano, palibe zambiri pazomwe thupi limafunikira vitamini K tsiku lililonse. European Food Committee imalimbikitsa 1 mcg wa vitamini K pa kg pa kulemera kwa thupi patsiku. M'mayiko ena aku Europe - Germany, Austria ndi Switzerland - tikulimbikitsidwa kuti titenge 1 mcg wa vitamini patsiku kwa amuna ndi 70 kg ya akazi. American Nutrition Board idavomereza zofunikira zotsatirazi za vitamini K mu 60:
| Age | Amuna (mcg / tsiku): | Akazi (mcg / tsiku): |
| miyezi 0-6 | 2,0 | 2,0 |
| miyezi 7-12 | 2,5 | 2,5 |
| zaka 1-3 | 30 | 30 |
| zaka 4-8 | 55 | 55 |
| zaka 9-13 | 60 | 60 |
| zaka 14-18 | 75 | 75 |
| Zaka 19 kapena kupitirira | 120 | 90 |
| Mimba, wazaka 18 ndi zochepa | - | 75 |
| Mimba, zaka 19 kapena kupitirira | - | 90 |
| Unamwino, wazaka 18 komanso wocheperako | - | 75 |
| Unamwino, wazaka 19 kapena kupitirira | - | 90 |
Kufunika kwa mavitamini kumawonjezeka:
- mwa akhanda: Chifukwa cha kufala kwa vitamini K kudzera mu nsengwa, makanda nthawi zambiri amabadwa ndi mavitamini K ochepa m'thupi. Izi ndizowopsa, chifukwa wakhanda amatha kutuluka magazi, omwe nthawi zina amapha. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa kupatsa vitamini K intramuscularly pambuyo pobadwa. Makamaka pazovomereza ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala yemwe amapezeka.
- anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba komanso kuchepa kwa chakudya.
- mukamwa maantibayotiki: Maantibayotiki amatha kuwononga mabakiteriya omwe amathandiza kuyamwa vitamini K.
Mankhwala ndi mphamvu
Vitamini K ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la banja lonse lomwe limapangidwa ndi 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Ndi mavitamini osungunuka mafuta omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe pazakudya zina ndipo amapezeka ngati chowonjezera pazakudya. Izi zimaphatikizapo phylloquinone (vitamini K1) ndi mndandanda wa ma menaquinones (vitamini K2). Phylloquinone imapezeka makamaka m'masamba obiriwira ndipo ndi mtundu wofunikira wa vitamini K. Menaquinones, omwe makamaka amabakiteriya amapezeka, amapeza nyama zochepa komanso zakudya zopatsa mphamvu. Pafupifupi ma menaquinones onse, makamaka ma menaquinones amtundu wautali, amapangidwanso ndi mabakiteriya m'matumbo amunthu. Monga mavitamini ena osungunuka mafuta, vitamini K amasungunuka mu mafuta ndi mafuta, samachotsedwa kwathunthu mthupi mwathu zamadzimadzi, komanso amapatsidwa gawo limodzi m'matupi amthupi.
Vitamini K amasungunuka m'madzi ndipo amasungunuka pang'ono mu methanol. Zochepa kugonjetsedwa ndi zidulo, mpweya ndi chinyezi. Kutentha kwa dzuwa. Malo otentha ndi 142,5 ° C. Opanda wonyezimira, wonyezimira wonyezimira, mwa mawonekedwe amadzi amafuta kapena makhiristo.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe zambiri za vitamini K zomwe zili zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pali zinthu zopitilira 30,000 zokonda zachilengedwe, mitengo yowoneka bwino komanso kukwezedwa pafupipafupi, kosalekeza 5% kuchotsera ndi nambala yampikisano CGD4899, kutumiza kwaulere padziko lonse lapansi kulipo.
Zothandiza ndi zotsatira pathupi
Thupi limafunikira vitamini K kuti lipange prothrombin - mapuloteni ndi magazi oundana, omwe amafunikanso pakachepetsa mafupa. Vitamini K1, kapena phylloquinone, amadya kuchokera kuzomera. Ndiwo mtundu waukulu wa vitamini K. Gwero locheperako ndi vitamini K2 kapena menahinon, yomwe imapezeka m'matumba a nyama zina ndi zakudya zopsereza.
Metabolism mthupi
Vitamini K imagwira ntchito ngati coenzyme wa vitamini K wodalira carboxylase, enzyme yofunikira pakupanga mapuloteni omwe amatenga magazi oundana ndi mafupa am'magazi, komanso ntchito zina zosiyanasiyana zamthupi. Prothrombin (coagulation factor II) ndi protein ya mavitamini K yomwe imadalira plasma yomwe imakhudzana kwambiri ndi magazi. Monga ma lipids azakudya ndi mavitamini ena osungunuka ndi mafuta, vitamini K yomwe imamwa imalowa mu micelles kudzera mu michere ya bile ndi kapamba ndipo imayamwa ndi ma enterocyte amatumbo ang'onoang'ono. Kuchokera pamenepo, vitamini K imaphatikizidwa m'mapuloteni ovuta, amatulutsidwa m'mitsempha yama lymphatic, ndikupita nayo pachiwindi. Vitamini K amapezeka mchiwindi ndi ziwalo zina za thupi, kuphatikiza ubongo, mtima, kapamba, ndi mafupa.
Pozungulira thupi, vitamini K imanyamulidwa makamaka mu lipoproteins. Poyerekeza ndi mavitamini ena osungunuka mafuta, vitamini K wochepa kwambiri amayenda m'magazi. Vitamini K imasinthidwa mwachangu ndikutulutsa m'thupi. Kutengera ndi miyezo ya phylloquinone, thupi limangokhala ndi 30-40% yamiyeso yam'mimba, pomwe pafupifupi 20% imatulutsidwa mumkodzo ndipo 40% mpaka 50% mu ndowe kudzera mu ndulu. Kusintha kwamagetsi mwachangu kumeneku kumafotokoza kuchepa kwama vitamini K poyerekeza ndi mavitamini ena osungunuka ndi mafuta.
Zing'onozing'ono zimadziwika za kuyamwa ndi mayendedwe a vitamini K opangidwa ndi m'matumbo mabakiteriya, koma kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ma menaquinones amtundu wautali amapezeka mumatumbo akulu. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa vitamini K komwe thupi limapeza motere sikudziwika bwinobwino, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ma menaquinones amakwaniritsa zosowa zina za thupi za vitamini K.
Vitamini K amapindula
- ubwino wathanzi: Pali umboni woti pali mgwirizano pakati pakudya mavitamini K ochepa ndikukula kwa kufooka kwa mafupa. Kafukufuku wochuluka wasonyeza kuti vitamini K amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mafupa olimba, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafupa ndikuchepetsa ngozi;
- kukhala ndi thanzi labwinoMavitamini a K okwera kwambiri amathandizidwa ndi kukumbukira bwino kwa achikulire. Kafukufuku wina, anthu athanzi azaka zopitilira 70 omwe ali ndi mavitamini K1 ochuluka kwambiri amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito kwambiri okumbukira;
- thandizani pantchito yamtima: Vitamini K amatha kuthandizira kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi popewa kuthirira mchere m'mitsempha. Izi zimalola mtima kupopera magazi momasuka m'zotengera. Kuchepetsa mchere nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi ukalamba ndipo ndichowopsa pachiwopsezo cha matenda amtima. Kuwonjezeka kwa vitamini K kwawonetsedwanso kuti kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zophatikiza ndi vitamini K
Vitamini K, monga mavitamini ena osungunuka mafuta, ndi othandiza kuphatikiza ndi mafuta "oyenera". - ndikukhala ndi maubwino azaumoyo ndikuthandizira thupi kuyamwa mavitamini - kuphatikiza vitamini K, yomwe ndi kofunikira pakupanga mafupa ndi kutseka magazi. Zitsanzo zophatikizira zolondola pankhaniyi ndi izi:
- chard, kapena, kapena kale adalowa mkati, ndikuwonjezera kapena batala wa adyo;
- Brussels yokazinga imamera ndi;
- Amaona ngati ndi bwino kuwonjezera parsley m'masaladi ndi mbale zina, chifukwa dzanja limodzi la parsley limatha kupereka zosowa za thupi za vitamini K.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti vitamini K imapezeka mosavuta kuchokera ku chakudya, ndipo imapangidwanso kwambiri ndi thupi la munthu. Kudya chakudya choyenera, chomwe chimaphatikizapo zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zitsamba, komanso kuchuluka koyenera kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya, kuyenera kupatsa thupi kuchuluka kokwanira kwa michere. Mavitamini ayenera kupatsidwa ndi dokotala pazinthu zina zamankhwala.
Kuyanjana ndi zinthu zina
Vitamini K amalumikizana nawo mwachangu. Mavitamini K ambiri m'thupi amatha kuteteza zovuta zina za mavitamini D owonjezera, ndipo mavitamini onsewa amachepetsa chiopsezo chovulala mchiuno ndikukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizana kwa mavitaminiwa kumathandizira kuchuluka kwa insulin, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo. Pamodzi ndi vitamini D, calcium imathandizanso pantchitoyi.
Vitamini A kawopsedwe amatha kuwononga kaphatikizidwe ka vitamini K2 ndi mabakiteriya am'mimba m'chiwindi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa vitamini E ndi ma metabolites kungakhudzenso ntchito ya vitamini K komanso kuyamwa kwake m'matumbo.
Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala
Mu mankhwala, vitamini K amawerengedwa kuti ndi othandiza pazifukwa izi:
- kupewa magazi m'makanda obadwa kumene okhala ndi mavitamini K ochepa; Chifukwa cha ichi, vitamini imayendetsedwa pakamwa kapena jekeseni.
- kuchiza ndikupewa kutaya magazi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi protein yotsika yotchedwa prothrombin; Vitamini K amatengedwa pakamwa kapena kudzera m'mitsempha.
- ndimatenda amtundu wotchedwa vitamini K-amadalira kugwedezeka kwa chinthu; kumwa vitamini pakamwa kapena kudzera m'mitsempha kumathandiza kupewa magazi.
- kuthetsa zotsatira zakumwa kwambiri warfarin; Kuchita bwino kumatheka mukamamwa vitamini nthawi imodzimodzi ndi mankhwalawa, pakhazikitse magazi.
Mu pharmacology, vitamini K imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a makapisozi, madontho, ndi jakisoni. Ikhoza kupezeka yokha kapena ngati gawo la multivitamin - makamaka molumikizana ndi vitamini D. Kutulutsa magazi komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda monga hypothrombinemia, 2,5 - 25 mg wa vitamini K1 nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa. Pofuna kupewa kutaya magazi mukamamwa ma anticoagulants ochuluka, tengani 1 mpaka 5 mg wa vitamini K. Ku Japan, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) ikulimbikitsidwa kupewa kukula kwa kufooka kwa mafupa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti awa ndi malingaliro oyenera, ndipo mukamamwa mankhwala aliwonse, kuphatikiza mavitamini, muyenera kufunsa dokotala..
Mu wowerengeka mankhwala
Mankhwala achikhalidwe amawona vitamini K ngati njira yothetsera magazi pafupipafupi ,,, m'mimba kapena duodenum, komanso kutuluka magazi m'chiberekero. Mavitaminiwa amachiritsidwa ndi asing'anga kuti ndiwo masamba obiriwira, kabichi, dzungu, beets, chiwindi, yolk ya dzira, komanso mankhwala ena - chikwama cha abusa, ndi tsabola wamadzi.
Kulimbitsa mitsempha ya magazi, komanso kuteteza chitetezo chamthupi chonse, amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito msuzi wazipatso, masamba a nettle, ndi zina zotero.Madzi oterewa amatengedwa nthawi yachisanu, mkati mwa mwezi umodzi, musanadye.
Masambawa ali ndi vitamini K wambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala amtundu wambiri kuti asiye kutuluka magazi, monga mankhwala ochepetsa ululu komanso opatsirana. Zimatengedwa ngati mawonekedwe a decoctions, tinctures, poultices ndi compresses. Tincture wa masamba a plantain amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, amathandizira kutsokomola ndi matenda opuma. Kwa nthawi yayitali kachikwama ka Shepherd amaonedwa kuti ndi kothamangitsa thupi ndipo nthawi zambiri kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka mkati ndi chiberekero. Chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati decoction kapena kulowetsedwa. Komanso, poletsa chiberekero ndi magazi ena, timagulu tating'onoting'ono ta masamba a nettle, omwe ali ndi vitamini K ambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina yarrow amawonjezera m'masamba a nettle kuti awonjezere magazi.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa vitamini K
Mu kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri komanso waposachedwa wamtunduwu, ofufuza ku Yunivesite ya Surrey adapeza kulumikizana pakati pa zakudya ndi chithandizo chothandiza cha nyamakazi.
Pambuyo pofufuza maphunziro 68 omwe alipo kale m'derali, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa nsomba tsiku lililonse kumachepetsa kupweteka kwa odwala nyamakazi ndikuthandizira kukonza mtima wawo. Mafuta ofunikira amafuta amafuta amachepetsa kutupa komanso kulumikizana ndi ululu. Ofufuzawo apezanso kuti kuwonda kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso osteoarthritis. Kunenepa kwambiri sikuti kumangowonjezera kupsinjika kwamafundo, komanso kumatha kubweretsanso zotupa m'thupi. Zapezeka kuti kuyambitsa zakudya zambiri za vitamini K monga kale, sipinachi ndi parsley mu zakudya kumawathandiza odwala omwe ali ndi mafupa. Vitamini K ndiyofunikira pamaproteni odalira vitamini K omwe amapezeka m'mafupa ndi cartilage. Kudya mavitamini K osakwanira kumakhudza kwambiri mapuloteni, kumachepetsa kukula kwa mafupa ndikukonzanso ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mafupa.
Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu American Journal of High Pressure akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma Gla-protein osagwira ntchito (omwe nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi vitamini K) atha kuwonetsa chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda amtima.
Izi zidachitika atayeza kuchuluka kwa puloteni iyi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi dialysis. Pali umboni wochulukirapo wosonyeza kuti vitamini K, yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika pa thanzi la mafupa, imathandizanso pakugwira ntchito kwa mtima. Mwa kulimbitsa mafupa, zimathandizanso kupindika ndi kupumula kwa mitsempha yamagazi. Ngati pali kuwerengetsa kwa zotengera, ndiye kuti calcium yochokera m'mafupa imadutsa mumitunduyi, chifukwa chake mafupa amafooka ndipo ziwiya zimachepa. Cholepheretsa chokhacho chokhazikitsidwa ndi ma calcification a vascular ndi matrix yogwira Gla-protein, yomwe imapereka njira yolumikizira kashiamu m'maselo amwazi m'malo mwamakoma azombo. Ndipo puloteniyi imayambitsidwa ndendende mothandizidwa ndi vitamini K. Ngakhale kusowa kwa zotsatira zamankhwala, kufalikira kwa Gla-protein kosavomerezeka kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chisonyezo cha chiwopsezo chodwala matenda amtima.
Kusadya mavitamini K osakwanira kwa achinyamata kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda amtima.
Pakafukufuku wa achinyamata 766 athanzi, zidapezeka kuti omwe adadya vitamini K1 wocheperako omwe amapezeka mu sipinachi, kale, letesi ya madzi oundana ndi maolivi anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chowonjezera kukula kwa chipinda chopopera chachikulu cha mtima. Vitamini K3,3, kapena phylloquinone, ndiye vitamini K wambiri kwambiri pazakudya zaku US. "Achinyamata omwe samadya masamba obiriwira akhoza kudwala mtsogolo," akutero Dr. Norman Pollock, katswiri wa mafupa a ku Institute of Prevention of the University of Augusta, Georgia, USA, komanso wolemba kafukufukuyu. Pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya achinyamata anali kale ndi gawo lina lamankhwala otsekemera amitsempha yamagetsi, Pollock ndi anzawo akunena kuti. Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwama ventricular pang'ono kumakhala kofala kwa achikulire omwe mitima yawo imadzazidwa kwambiri chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri magazi. Mosiyana ndi minofu ina, mtima wokulirapo suwerengedwa kuti ndi wathanzi ndipo ungakhale wosagwira ntchito. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti adachita kafukufuku woyamba wamtundu pakati pa vitamini K ndi kapangidwe kake ndi mtima wa achinyamata. Ngakhale pakufunika kupitiliza kuphunzira za vutoli, umboni ukuwonetsa kuti kudya mavitamini K okwanira kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa adakali aang'ono kuti apewe mavuto ena azaumoyo.
Gwiritsani ntchito cosmetology
Pachikhalidwe, vitamini K imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamavitamini ofunikira kukongola, pamodzi ndi mavitamini A, C ndi E. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 2007% ndende muzinthu zosamalira khungu chifukwa cha zipsera, zipsera, rosacea ndi rosacea chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kukonza mitsempha yamagazi. thanzi ndi kusiya magazi. Amakhulupirira kuti vitamini K amathanso kulimbana ndi mdima pansi pa maso. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti vitamini K imatha kuthandizira kulimbana ndi zizindikiro za ukalamba. Kafukufuku wa XNUMX akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vitamini K malabsorption adatchula makwinya asanakwane.
Vitamini K ndiwothandizanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazosamalira thupi. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Journal of Vascular Research akuwonetsa kuti vitamini K ingathandize kupewa izi. Imayambitsa mapuloteni apadera omwe amafunikira kuti ateteze makoma a mitsempha - chifukwa cha mitsempha ya varicose.
Mu zodzoladzola za mafakitale, mtundu umodzi wokha wa vitaminiwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito - phytonadione. Ndi coagulation factor, imakhazikika pamitsempha yamagazi ndi ma capillaries. Vitamini K imagwiritsidwanso ntchito panthawi yokonzanso pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya pulasitiki, njira za laser, peelings.
Pali maphikidwe ambiri a masks a maso achilengedwe omwe ali ndi zosakaniza zomwe zili ndi vitamini K. Zinthu zoterezi ndi parsley, katsabola, sipinachi, dzungu,. Masks oterowo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavitamini ena monga A, E, C, B6 kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino pakhungu. Vitamini K, makamaka, amatha kupatsa khungu mawonekedwe atsopano, makwinya osalala bwino, kuchotsa mabwalo amdima ndikuchepetsa mawonekedwe a mitsempha.
- 1 Chinsinsi chothandiza kwambiri cha kudzitukumula ndi kukonzanso ndi mask ndi madzi a mandimu, mkaka wa kokonati ndi kale. Chigoba ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhope m'mawa, kangapo pamlungu kwa mphindi 8. Pofuna kukonza chigoba, ndikofunikira kufinya msuzi wa magawo (kuti supuni imodzi ipezeke), tsukani kale (ochepa) ndikusakaniza zosakaniza zonse (supuni 1 ya uchi ndi supuni ya mkaka wa coconut ). Kenako mutha kupukuta zosakaniza zonse mu blender, kapena, ngati mungakonde mawonekedwe olimba, pukusani kabichi mu blender, ndikuwonjezera zina zonse ndi dzanja. Chigoba chomaliziracho chitha kuikidwa mumtsuko wagalasi ndikusungidwa m'firiji sabata limodzi.
- 2 Chigoba chopatsa thanzi, chotsitsimutsa ndi chochepetsera ndichophimba ndi nthochi, uchi ndi peyala. Banana ali ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri monga vitamini B6, magnesium, vitamini C, potaziyamu, biotin, ndi zina zotero. . Uchi ndi chilengedwe cha antibacterial, antifungal ndi antiseptic agent. Pamodzi, zosakaniza izi ndizosungira zinthu zopindulitsa pakhungu. Pofuna kukonzekera chigoba, muyenera kukanda nthochi ndikuwonjezera supuni 3 ya uchi. Ikani pakhungu loyeretsedwa, chotsani kwa mphindi 1, nadzatsuka ndi madzi ofunda.
- 3 Katswiri wodzilemba zodzikongoletsera Ildi Pekar amagawana zomwe amakonda pa chigoba chopangidwa ndi kufiira ndi kutupa: ili ndi parsley, viniga wa apulo cider ndi yogurt. Dulani pang'ono parsley mu blender, onjezerani supuni ziwiri za organic, wosasakaniza apulo cider viniga ndi masupuni atatu a yogurt wachilengedwe. Ikani osakaniza pakhungu loyeretsedwa kwa mphindi 15, kenako nadzatsuka ndi madzi ofunda. Chigoba ichi sichidzachepetsa kufiira kokha chifukwa cha vitamini K yomwe ili mu parsley, komanso idzayeretsa pang'ono.
- 4 Pakhungu lowala bwino, lopaka chinyezi komanso lamatoni, amalangizidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito chigoba chopangidwa ndi yogati wachilengedwe. Nkhaka imakhala ndi mavitamini C ndi K, omwe ndi ma antioxidants omwe amatsitsa khungu ndikumenya mdima. Yogurt yachilengedwe imachotsa khungu, imachotsa maselo akufa, imanyowetsa komanso imapereka kuwala kwachilengedwe. Kukonzekera chigoba, pukutani nkhaka mu blender ndikusakanikirana ndi supuni imodzi ya yogurt wachilengedwe. Siyani pakhungu kwa mphindi 1 ndikusamba ndi madzi ozizira.
Vitamini K wa tsitsi
Pali lingaliro lasayansi kuti kusowa kwa vitamini K2 mthupi kumatha kubweretsa tsitsi. Zimathandiza pakukonzanso ndi kubwezeretsa tsitsi la tsitsi. Kuphatikiza apo, vitamini K, monga tanenera kale, imayambitsa mapuloteni apadera m'thupi omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe ka calcium ndikuletsa kuyika kwa calcium pamakoma amitsempha. Kuyenda bwino kwa magazi m'mutu kumakhudza kwambiri kukula ndi kukula kwa follicular. Kuphatikiza apo, calcium ndiyomwe imayang'anira mahomoni a testosterone, omwe, ngati atayika bwino, atha kuyambitsa - amuna ndi akazi. Chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza pazakudya zomwe zili ndi vitamini K2 - soya wofufumitsa, tchizi wokhwima, kefir, sauerkraut, nyama.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ziweto
Chiyambire kupezeka, zakhala zikudziwika kuti vitamini K amatenga gawo lofunikira pantchito yotseka magazi. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti vitamini K ndiyofunikanso mu calcium metabolism. Vitamini K ndichofunikira m'thupi la nyama zonse, ngakhale sizinthu zonse zomwe zili zotetezeka.
Nkhuku, makamaka ma broiler ndi turkeys, zimakonda kukhala ndi vuto lakusowa kwa vitamini K kuposa mitundu ina ya nyama, zomwe zimatha kupezeka chifukwa chazakudya zawo zazifupi komanso chakudya chofulumira. Ziwombankhanga monga ng'ombe ndi nkhosa sizikuwoneka kuti zikusowa chakudya cha vitamini K chifukwa cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta vitamini mu rumen, imodzi mwazipinda zam'mimba za nyama izi. Chifukwa mahatchi ndi odyetserako ziweto, zofunikira zawo za vitamini K zimatha kukwaniritsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimapezeka muzomera komanso kuchokera kuzinthu zazing'ono m'matumbo.
Mavitamini K omwe amavomerezedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa nyama amatchedwa mankhwala a vitamini K. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya vitamini K - menadione ndi menadione branesulfite complex. Mitundu iwiriyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mumitundu ina yodyetsa ziweto, popeza akatswiri azakudya nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavitamini K othandizira popanga chakudya popewa kusowa kwa vitamini K Ngakhale magwero azomera amakhala ndi vitamini K wambiri, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa vitamini kuchokera ku magwero amenewa. Malinga ndi buku la NRC, Vitamin Tolerances of Animals (1987), vitamini K satsogolera ku poizoni akamamwa phylloquinone wambiri, mtundu wa vitamini K. Zimadziwikanso kuti menadione, vitamini K wopanga womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri munyama chakudya, chitha kuwonjezeredwa pamlingo wopitilira 1000 kuchuluka komwe kumadyedwa ndi chakudya, osakhala ndi zovuta munyama kupatula akavalo. Kuwongolera kwa mankhwalawa ndi jakisoni kwabweretsa zovuta pamahatchi, ndipo sizikudziwika ngati zotsatirazi zidzachitikanso pamene mavitamini K othandizira atawonjezeredwa pachakudyacho. Vitamini K ndi michere ya vitamini K imagwira ntchito yofunikira popereka michere yofunikira pakudya kwa nyama.
Pakupanga mbewu
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chidwi cha thupi la vitamini K mu kagayidwe kazomera. Kuphatikiza pa kufunikira kwake kodziwika ndi photosynthesis, zikuwonekeranso kuti phylloquinone itha kutenganso gawo lofunikira m'zipinda zina zazomera. Kafukufuku wambiri, mwachitsanzo, adanenanso kuti vitamini K imakhudzidwa ndi unyolo wonyamula womwe umanyamula ma elekitironi m'magazi am'magazi a plasma, komanso kuthekera kwakuti mamolekyu awa amathandizira kukhalabe ndi vuto lokwanira m'thupi mwa mapuloteni ena ofunikira omwe amakhala mumimbayo. Kupezeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya quinone reductases mumadzimadzi am'maselo kungathenso kuganiza kuti vitamini imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma dziwe ena a enzymatic ochokera pakhungu la cell. Mpaka pano, kafukufuku watsopano komanso wozama akuchitikabe kuti amvetsetse ndikufotokozera njira zonse zomwe phylloquinone imagwirira ntchito.
Mfundo Zokondweretsa
- Vitamini K amatenga dzina kuchokera ku liwu lachi Danish kapena Chijeremani kusokonekera, kutanthauza magazi oundana.
- Ana onse, mosatengera kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi, mtundu kapena fuko, ali pachiwopsezo chotaya magazi mpaka atayamba kudya zakudya zosakanizika kapena zosakaniza mpaka mabakiteriya m'matumbo awo atayamba kutulutsa vitamini K. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mavitamini K osakwanira kudutsa nsengwa. mavitamini ochepa mkaka wa m'mawere komanso kusowa kwa mabakiteriya ofunikira m'matumbo a mwana m'masabata oyamba amoyo.
- Zakudya zopangidwa ndi zofukiza monga natto nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi vitamini K wambiri omwe amapezeka muzakudya za anthu ndipo zimatha kupereka mamiligalamu angapo a vitamini K2 tsiku lililonse. Mulingo uwu ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa womwe umapezeka m'masamba obiriwira obiriwira.
- Ntchito yayikulu ya vitamini K ndikutulutsa mapuloteni omanga calcium. K1 imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutseka magazi, pomwe K2 imayang'anira kulowa kwa calcium m'chipinda choyenera mthupi.
Contraindications ndi kusamala
Vitamini K imakhazikika nthawi yopanga zakudya kuposa mavitamini ena. Vitamini K wina wachilengedwe amapezeka mwa omwe sagwirizana ndi kutentha komanso chinyezi mukamaphika. Vitamini sichikhala chokhazikika ikapezeka ndi zidulo, alkalis, kuwala ndi zopangira. Kuzizira kumatha kuchepetsa mavitamini K azakudya. Nthawi zina amawonjezeredwa pachakudya ngati choteteza kuti muchere.
Zizindikiro zakuchepa
Umboni wapano ukuwonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa vitamini K kumakhala kosavomerezeka mwa achikulire athanzi, popeza vitamini imapezeka m'zakudya zambiri. Omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi vuto ndi omwe amatenga ma antiticoagulants, odwala omwe ali ndi chiwindi chowopsa komanso kuyamwa kwamafuta kuchokera pachakudya, ndi makanda akhanda. Kuperewera kwa Vitamini K kumabweretsa matenda am'magazi, omwe amawonetsedwa poyesa kuyerekezera kwa labotale.
Zizindikiro zikuphatikizapo:
- kuvulaza kosavuta ndi magazi;
- kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, m'kamwa;
- magazi mkodzo ndi ndowe;
- kutuluka magazi msambo;
- kwambiri intracranial magazi ana.
Palibe zoopsa zodziwika bwino kwa anthu athanzi omwe amapezeka ndi vitamini K1 (phylloquinone) kapena vitamini K2 (menaquinone).
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Vitamini K imatha kukhala ndi zovuta kwambiri komanso zowopsa ndi ma anticoagulants monga Warfarinndi mankhwala fenprocoumon, acenocoumarol ndi alirezaomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maiko ena aku Europe. Mankhwalawa amalepheretsa ntchito ya vitamini K, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mavitamini K athetse mphamvu.
Maantibayotiki amatha kupha mabakiteriya opanga mavitamini K m'matumbo, zomwe zitha kutsitsa mavitamini K.
Mafuta a asidi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kuchepa popewa kubwezeretsanso kwa asidi amchere amathanso kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa vitamini K ndi mavitamini ena osungunuka ndi mafuta, ngakhale tanthauzo lachipatala la izi silikudziwika bwinobwino. Zotsatira zofananira zimatha kukhala ndi mankhwala ochepetsa kulemera omwe amaletsa kuyamwa kwa mafuta mthupi, motsatana, ndi mavitamini osungunuka ndi mafuta.
Tasonkhanitsa mfundo zofunika kwambiri za vitamini K mu fanizoli ndipo tikhala othokoza ngati mutagawana chithunzichi pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kapena pa blog, ndi ulalo wa tsambali:
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Kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chilichonse popanda chilolezo cholemba kale sikuletsedwa.
Oyang'anira sakhala ndiudindo pakayesedwe kalikonse kogwiritsa ntchito chinsinsi, upangiri kapena zakudya, komanso sikutsimikizira kuti zomwe zanenedwa zikuthandizani kapena kukuvulazani. Khalani anzeru ndipo nthawi zonse muzifunsira kwa dokotala woyenera!