adzithandize
Le adzithandize ndi khungu chikhalidwe chodziwika ndi maonekedwe a mawanga oyera kumapazi, manja, nkhope, milomo kapena mbali ina iliyonse ya thupi. Mawangawa amayamba chifukwa cha "depigmentation", ndiko kuti kuzimiririka ma melanocytes, maselo omwe amatsogolera mtundu wa khungu (Kuwala ndi ).
Depigmentation ikhoza kukhala yofunikira kwambiri, komanso mawanga oyera, amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, tsitsi kapena tsitsi lomwe limamera m'malo omwe alibe utoto limakhala loyera. Vitiligo sipatsirana kapena kupweteka, koma zingayambitse kupsinjika maganizo kwakukulu.
Le adzithandize ndi matenda omwe zizindikiro zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchokera ku zokongoletsa, mawangawo sakhala opweteka kapena owopsa kwa thanzi. Zotsatira zake, vitiligo nthawi zambiri "imakhala yochepa" ndipo sichimayendetsedwa mokwanira ndi madokotala. Komabe, ndi matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri moyo wa omwe akhudzidwa, monga momwe kafukufuku wa 2009 adatsimikizira.20. Makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda amavutika nazo. |
Kukula
Le adzithandize zimakhudza pafupifupi 1% mpaka 2% ya anthu. Nthawi zambiri amawonekera zaka zapakati pa 10 mpaka 30 (theka la omwe akukhudzidwa amakhala asanakwanitse zaka 20). Choncho, matenda a Vitiligo amapezeka kawirikawiri mwa ana. Amakhudza amuna ndi akazi, ndipo amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, pamitundu yonse ya khungu.
Mitundu ya vitiligo
Pali mitundu ingapo ya vitiligo21 :
- le segmentary vitiligo, yomwe ili mbali imodzi yokha ya thupi, mwachitsanzo pa mbali ya nkhope, kumtunda kwa thupi, mwendo kapena mkono. Mtundu uwu wa vitiligo umapezeka kawirikawiri mwa ana kapena achinyamata. Dera lodetsedwa limafanana ndi "gawo lamkati", ndiko kuti, dera la khungu losatetezedwa ndi mitsempha inayake. Fomu iyi imawoneka mwachangu m'miyezi ingapo, kenako imasiya kusinthika;
- le generalized vitiligo zomwe zimawonekera mwa mawonekedwe a mawanga omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kapena ocheperako, omwe amakhudza mbali zonse za thupi, makamaka madera a kukangana mobwerezabwereza kapena kupanikizika. Mawu akuti "generalized" sakutanthauza kuti mawanga ndi ochuluka. Maphunzirowa ndi osadziwika bwino, mawangawo amatha kukhalabe ang'onoang'ono komanso okhazikika kapena kufalikira mofulumira;
- le vitiligo, osowa, omwe amafalikira mofulumira ndipo amatha kukhudza pafupifupi thupi lonse.
Zimayambitsa
Zomwe zimayambitsa vitiligo sizidziwika bwino. Komabe, tikudziwa kuti maonekedwe a mawanga oyera ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa melanocytes, maselo a khungu omwe amapanga melanin. Ma melanocyte akawonongeka, khungu limasanduka loyera. Malingaliro angapo tsopano apita patsogolo kuti afotokoze kuwonongeka kwa ma melanocyte23. Vitiligo mwina ndi matenda omwe ali ndi ma genetic, chilengedwe komanso autoimmune.
- Autoimmune hypothesis
Vitiligo ndi matenda omwe ali ndi gawo lolimba la autoimmune. Izi zili choncho chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi vitiligo amapanga ma antibodies omwe amawombera mwachindunji ma melanocyte ndikuthandizira kuwawononga. Kuonjezera apo, vitiligo nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda ena a autoimmune, monga matenda a chithokomiro, omwe amasonyeza kukhalapo kwa njira zodziwika bwino.
- Kulingalira kwa chibadwa
Vitiligo imakhudzananso ndi majini, osati zonse zomwe zadziwika bwino22. Nthawi zambiri anthu ambiri amakhala ndi vitiligo m'banja limodzi. Pafupifupi majini 10 amakhudzidwa, monga kafukufuku adawonetsa mu 201024. Majiniwa amathandizira kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke.
- Kuchuluka kwa ma free radicals
Malinga ndi maphunziro angapo23, ma melanocyte a anthu omwe ali ndi vitiligo amaunjikana ma free radicals ambiri, omwe ndi mitundu ya zinyalala zopangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi thupi. Kudzikundikira kwachilendoku kungayambitse "kudziwononga" kwa ma melanocyte.
- Kungoyerekeza kwa mitsempha
Segmental vitiligo kumapangitsa kuti dera losasunthika liwonongeke, lolingana ndi dera lomwe silinatsekeredwe ndi minyewa yopatsidwa. Pachifukwachi, ochita kafukufuku ankaganiza kuti kutulutsa khungu kungayambitse kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa mitsempha, zomwe zingachepetse kupanga melanin.
- Zinthu zachilengedwe
Ngakhale kuti sizomwe zimayambitsa vitiligo palokha, zifukwa zingapo zoyambitsa zingayambitse maonekedwe a mawanga (onani zoopsa).
Ma melanocyte ndi melanin Melanin (kuchokera ku Greek melanos = wakuda) ndi mtundu wakuda (wa khungu) wopangidwa ndi melanocytes; ndi udindo wa mtundu wa khungu. Ndi ma genetics (komanso kukhudzana ndi dzuwa) zomwe zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa melanin yomwe ili pakhungu. Ualubino ndi vuto la mtundu wa pigmentation. Mosiyana ndi vitiligo, imakhalapo kuyambira pa kubadwa ndipo imapangitsa kuti pakhungu, tsitsi, tsitsi ndi maso mulibe melanin.
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Chisinthiko ndi zovuta
Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakula mpaka a rhythm yosayembekezereka ndipo akhoza kuyima kapena kukulitsa osadziwa chifukwa chake. Vitiligo imatha kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pambuyo pa zochitika zamaganizo kapena zakuthupi. Nthawi zina, zolembera zimachoka paokha.
Kupatula kuwonongeka kwa zodzoladzola, vitiligo si matenda oopsa. Komabe, anthu amene ali ndi matenda a vitiligo amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chodwala khansa yapakhungu chifukwa chakuti malo opanda mtunduwo salepheretsanso kuwala kwa dzuwa. Anthuwa amathanso kudwala matenda ena a autoimmune. Komabe, izi sizili choncho kwa anthu omwe ali ndi segmental vitiligo.