Mawu a m’mutu amene anthu odwala schizophrenia amamva nthawi zambiri amakhala nthabwala chabe, chifukwa chakuti kuyerekezera zinthu ngati zimenezi n’koopsa kwambiri kwa ambiri aife. Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyesa kuthana ndi mantha awa ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika m'maganizo mwa odwala kuti mutengepo gawo limodzi pochotsa izi ndi zovuta zina zamaganizidwe.
Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za schizophrenia (osati kokha) ndi kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, ndipo mawonekedwe awo ndi aakulu. Odwala ena amangomva mawu amodzi okha: kuyimba mluzu, kunong'ona, kukulira. Ena amalankhula za malankhulidwe omveka bwino komanso mawu omwe amalankhula nawo ndi mauthenga ena - kuphatikiza madongosolo amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zimachitika kuti amalimbikitsa wodwalayo ku chinthu china - mwachitsanzo, amalamula kuti adzivulaza okha kapena ena.
Ndipo pali umboni zikwi zambiri wa mawu oterowo. Umu ndi mmene katswiri wodziwika bwino wa sayansi, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo Alexander Panchin, akulongosolera chodabwitsa chimenechi m’buku lotchuka la sayansi lakuti “Protection from the Dark Arts” kuti: “Odwala schizophrenia kaŵirikaŵiri amawona, kumva ndi kumva zinthu zomwe palibe. Mwachitsanzo, mawu a makolo, angelo kapena ziwanda. Choncho, odwala ena amakhulupirira kuti akugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi mdyerekezi kapena mabungwe achinsinsi.”
Zoonadi, kwa iwo omwe sanakumanepo ndi izi, n'zovuta kukhulupirira kuyerekezera kotereku, koma maphunziro ogwiritsira ntchito maginito a magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) amatsimikizira kuti anthu ambiri amamva zomwe ena samamva. Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani mu ubongo wawo?
Zikuoneka kuti panthawi ya zochitika zowonongeka kwa odwala schizophrenic, madera omwewo a ubongo amatsegulidwa monga ife omwe timamva phokoso lenileni. Maphunziro angapo a fMRI awonetsa kuwonjezereka kwachangu m'dera la Broca, dera laubongo lomwe limapanga zolankhula.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji mbali ya ubongo imene imayang’anira kuzindikira kwa mawu imayamba kugwira ntchito, monga ngati kuti munthu wamvadi chinachake?
Kuchepetsa matenda amisala ndi njira yovuta komanso yofunika kwambiri pagulu.
Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chimodzi, kuyerekezera kotereku kumalumikizidwa ndi kuperewera kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo - mwachitsanzo, ndi kulumikizana kofooka pakati pa ma lobes akutsogolo ndi osakhalitsa. “Magulu ena a minyewa, amene ali ndi thayo la kulengedwa ndi kuzindikira kwa kulankhula, angayambe kugwira ntchito modzilamulira, popanda kulamulira kapena chisonkhezero cha machitidwe ena a ubongo,” akulemba motero Ralph Hoffman, katswiri wa zamaganizo pa Yunivesite ya Yale. Zili ngati gulu la zingwe la okhestra mwadzidzidzi linaganiza zoimba nyimbo zawo, kunyalanyaza aliyense.”
Anthu athanzi omwe sanakumanepo ndi zinthu ngati izi nthawi zambiri amakonda kuchita nthabwala zokhudzana ndi ziwonetsero komanso zachinyengo. Mwinamwake, izi ndizochita zathu zodzitchinjiriza: kuganiza kuti monologue ya munthu wina imawonekera mwadzidzidzi pamutu, zomwe sizingasokonezedwe ndi khama la chifuniro, zingakhale zowopsya.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kunyozetsa matenda amisala ndi njira yovuta komanso yofunika kwambiri pagulu. Cecilly McGaugh, katswiri wa zakuthambo wochokera ku USA, adalankhula pamsonkhano wa TED "Sindine chilombo", ponena za matenda ake komanso momwe munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala.
Padziko lapansi, ntchito yochotsa matenda amisala imachitika ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana. Simakhudza andale okha, akatswiri amisala komanso ntchito zothandiza anthu. Chifukwa chake, Rafael D. de S. Silva, pulofesa wothandizana nawo waukadaulo wapakompyuta ku yunivesite ya Southern California, ndi anzawo adaganiza zothana ndi kusalidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi schizophrenia pogwiritsa ntchito ... chowonadi chowonjezera.
Anthu athanzi (gulu loyesera linaphatikizapo ophunzira azachipatala) adafunsidwa kuti adutse gawo lazowona zenizeni. Iwo anawonetsedwa kayeseleledwe ka audiovisual ka kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo mu schizophrenia. Pofufuza mafunso omwe adafunsidwa, ofufuzawo adalemba kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kukayikira komanso chifundo chachikulu pa nkhani ya wodwala schizophrenic yomwe idauzidwa kwa iwo asanakumanepo.
Ngakhale chikhalidwe cha schizophrenia sichidziwika bwino, zikuwonekeratu kuti kunyozedwa kwa odwala matenda amisala ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pagulu. Pambuyo pake, ngati mulibe manyazi kudwala, ndiye kuti simudzachita manyazi kupita kwa madokotala kuti akuthandizeni.