Zamkatimu
M'bukuli, tiwona kuti manambala omveka ndi ati, momwe tingawafananitse wina ndi mzake, komanso momwe masamu angagwiritsire ntchito nawo (kuwonjezera, kuchotsa, kuchulukitsa, kugawanitsa ndi kutanthauzira). Tidzatsagana ndi nkhani zaukadaulo ndi zitsanzo zothandiza kuti timvetsetse bwino.
Tanthauzo la nambala yomveka
zomveka ndi nambala yomwe ingathe kuimiridwa ngati . Mndandanda wa manambala omveka uli ndi mawu apadera - Q.
Malamulo ofananiza manambala omveka:
- Nambala yoyenelela iliyonse ndi yoposa ziro. Chosonyezedwa ndi “chachikulu kuposa” chizindikiro chapadera ">".
Mwachitsanzo: 5>0, 12>0, 144>0, 2098>0, ndi zina zotero.
- Nambala iliyonse yolakwika ndiyocheperapo kuposa ziro. Kuwonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro "chochepa kuposa". "<".
Mwachitsanzo: -3<0, -22<0, -164<0, -3042<0 etc.
- Pazinambala ziwiri zabwino zomveka, imodzi yokhala ndi mtengo wokulirapo ndiyokulirapo.
Mwachitsanzo: 10>4, 132>26, 1216<1516 ndi т.д.
- Pa ziwerengero ziwiri zotsutsa, yaikulu ndi yomwe ili ndi mtengo wochepa kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo: -3>-20, -14>-202, -54<-10 ndi т.д.
Kuchita masamu okhala ndi manambala omveka
Kuwonjezera
1. Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa manambala omveka okhala ndi zizindikiro zomwezo, ingowonjezerani, kenaka ikani chikwangwani patsogolo pa zotsatira zake.
Mwachitsanzo:
- 5 + 2 =
+ (5 + 2) =+ 7 = 7 - 13 + 8 + 4 =
+ (13 + 8 + 4) =+ 25 = 25 - -9 + (-11) =
- (9 + 11) =-20 - -14 + (-53) + (-3) =
- (14 + 53 + 3) =-70
Zindikirani: Ngati palibe chizindikiro pamaso pa nambala, zikutanthauza "+", ie ndi zabwino. Komanso muzotsatira "kuwonjezera" akhoza kuchepetsedwa.
2. Kuti tipeze chiŵerengero cha manambala omveka okhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, timawonjezera ku nambala yokhala ndi modulus yaikulu omwe chizindikiro chawo chimagwirizana nawo, ndikuchotsa manambala okhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana (timatenga zikhalidwe zenizeni). Kenako, zotsatira zake zisanachitike, timayika chizindikiro cha nambala yomwe tachotsa chilichonse.
Mwachitsanzo:
- -6 + 4 =
— ( 6 – 4 ) =-2 - 15 + (-11) =
+ ( 15 – 11 ) =+ 4 = 4 - -21 + 15 + 2 + (-4) =
- (21 + 4 – 15 – 2) =-8 - 17 + (-6) + 10 + (-2) =
+ (17 + 10 – 6 – 2) = 19
Kuchotsera
Kuti tipeze kusiyana pakati pa manambala awiri omveka, timawonjezera nambala yosiyana ndi yomwe ikuchotsedwa.
Mwachitsanzo:
- 9 – 4 = 9 + (-4) = 5
- 3 – 7 = 3 + (-7) =
— ( 7 – 3 ) =-4
Ngati pali ma subtrahends angapo, ndiye choyamba onjezani manambala onse abwino, kenako onse osalimbikitsa (kuphatikiza yochepetsedwayo). Chifukwa chake, timapeza ziwerengero ziwiri zomveka, kusiyana komwe timapeza pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm pamwambapa.
Mwachitsanzo:
- 12 – 5 – 3 =
12 - (5 + 3) = 4 - 22 – 16 – 9 =
22 - (16 + 9) =22 - 25 =— ( 25 – 22 ) =-3
Kuwonjezeka
Kuti mupeze zomwe zili ndi manambala awiri omveka, ingochulukitsani ma module awo, kenako ikani zotsatira zake:
- chizindikiro "+"ngati zinthu zonsezi zili ndi chizindikiro chimodzi;
- chizindikiro "-"ngati zinthuzo zili ndi zizindikiro zosiyana.
Mwachitsanzo:
- 3 7 = 21
- -15 4 = -60
Pakakhala zinthu zopitilira ziwiri, ndiye:
- Ngati manambala onse ali abwino, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zidzasainidwa. "kuwonjezera".
- Ngati pali manambala abwino ndi opanda, ndiye timawerengera nambala yomaliza:
- nambala yofanana ndi zotsatira zake "Zambiri";
- nambala yosamvetseka - zotsatira ndi "kuchotsa".
Mwachitsanzo:
- 5 (-4) 3 (-8) = 480
- 15 (-1) (-3) (-10) 12 = -5400
Division
Monga momwe zimakhalira kuchulukitsa, timachitapo kanthu ndi ma modules a manambala, ndiye timayika chizindikiro choyenera, poganizira malamulo omwe afotokozedwa m'ndime pamwambapa.
Mwachitsanzo:
- 12:4 = 3
- 48 : (-6) = -8
- 50 : (-2) : (-5) = 5
- 128 : (-4) : (-8) : (-1) = -4
Kutulutsa
Kukweza nambala yomveka a в n ndi chimodzimodzi kuchulukitsa nambala iyi yokha nth chiwerengero cha nthawi. Zolembedwa ngati a n.
Momwe:
- Mphamvu iliyonse ya nambala yabwino imabweretsa nambala yabwino.
- Mphamvu yofananira ya nambala yochititsa chidwi ndi yochititsa chidwi, mphamvu yosamvetseka ndi negative.
Mwachitsanzo:
- 26 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 64
- -34 = (-3) · (-3) · (-3) · (-3) = 81
- -63 = (-6) · (-6) · (-6) = -216