Zamkatimu
Chakudya chosatha kapena chauve chimakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri komanso matenda. Kusungirako kosayenera, kuipitsidwa ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya, madzi oyenda bwino, omwe amatsuka mankhwala, chithandizo cha kutentha kosakwanira - zonsezi zingayambitse zizindikiro zosasangalatsa komanso zoopsa. Kodi chowopsa pazakudya wamba ndi chiyani?
E. coli
M'matumbo athu mumakhala mabakiteriya ambiri, ndipo chiŵerengero cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimasiyana malinga ndi chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa ku chamoyo. Zonse ndi zopanda vuto, kupatula O157:H7. Bakiteriya ameneyu amayambitsa kuopsa kwa chakudya komwe kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu azaumoyo. Afalitse kudzera m'zakudya zomwe zili ndi matenda: zinthu zosaphika kapena zosakonzedwa bwino kuchokera ku nyama yophikidwa bwino, mkaka wosaphika, zipatso, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ndowe za nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka.
Miyezo: kuphika bwino chakudya pa kutentha kwa madigiri 70. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino m'madzi ozizira.
Norovirus
Ndi kachilombo ka m'mimba komwe kamafalikira kudzera mu zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosasambitsidwa, madzi oipitsidwa, ndi zinthu zapakhomo. Zizindikiro zoyamba zitha kuwoneka patatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri mutadwala. Zimayambitsa kusanza, matenda a m'mimba, ndi kutentha thupi.
Zochita: Sambani mankhwala musanagwiritse ntchito, phikani bwino nkhono, ndi kusamba m'manja musanadye. Norovirus amaphedwa pa kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 60.
Salmonella
Mabakiteriyawa amakhala m'mazira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala omwe amachititsa matendawa. Salmonella imapezeka mu nyama ndi mkaka, nsomba, ndi nsomba. 2 patatha masiku matenda kwambiri amawukitsa kutentha, amayamba kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, mutu.
Masitepe: kuphika mazira mpaka wathunthu solidification wa albumen ndi yolk, nkhuku nyama, ndi minced kuphika mpaka wachifundo.
Botulism
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha poizoni wa bakiteriya Clostridium botulinum samapatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu. Infection kumachitika mwa kumwa zamzitini mankhwala, kuphatikizapo zoweta kukonzekera.
Zochita: ngati chivindikiro pa chitini chatupa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa sikutheka. Zitini zapakhomo ndi bwino kuziwiritsa musanagwiritse ntchito ndipo tiyenera kuzisunga bwino mu furiji.
Campylobacter
Mabakiteriya otere amatha kutenga matenda akamadya nyama yosapsa, nkhuku, ndi mkaka wosakanizidwa bwino. , Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuti atenge matenda, ndikwanira dontho limodzi la madzi a nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo.
Zochita: ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito podula katundu wa nyama pokhapokha matabwa osiyana, samalani mukatha kuphika, ndipo nyama iyenera kutenthedwa mpaka kutentha kovomerezeka.
Listeria
Bactria-ozizira amafalikira kudzera mu chakudya. Imadziwonetsera yokha pakuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira, kutsekula m'mimba, kutentha thupi, nseru, ndi kusanza.
Masitepe: kuphika nyama mpaka yophikidwa bwino, sambani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba mosamala, pewani kusunga zakudya zam'chitini komanso zopangidwa kale mufiriji kwa masiku opitilira atatu.
Clostridium perfringens
Bakiteriya iyi ndi ya pathogenic microflora ya munthu. Iwo ali m'matumbo a munthu. Zowopsa zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya owopsa: nyama, nkhuku, nyemba, ndi zina.
Masitepe: kuphika nyama kumaliza kukonzekera, ndi zonse chakudya mu firiji kutentha pamaso kudya.
Zamgululi
The causative wothandizira kamwazi kulowa thupi kudzera madzi ndi chakudya. Kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, kuzizira, kusanza, kutentha thupi kuyenera kudutsa mkati mwa masiku 5-7; ngati sichoncho, mudzafunika njira ya maantibayotiki.
Zochita: Imwani madzi a m'mabotolo ndikudya zakudya zophikidwa bwino.
Bacilli
Bacillus cereus ndiye woyambitsa wa poyizoni wazakudya. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timachulukana pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo timayambitsa zizindikiro zonse zosasangalatsa patangotha maola ochepa munthu atadwala.
Miyezo: musadye chakudya chotsalira patebulo kwa nthawi yayitali, sungani chakudya mu furiji ndi chivindikiro chotsekedwa, ndipo musadye zakudya zowonongeka pambuyo pa kutha kwa kusunga.
Vibrio
Mabakiteriyawa amakhala m’madzi amchere ndipo amasangalala m’miyezi yotentha yachilimwe. Amakhudza nkhono, makamaka oyster. Kuzidya zosaphika ndizoopsa kwambiri.
Miyezo: osadya nsomba za m'nyanja zosaphika ngati simukudziwa momwe zimayendera komanso mtundu wawo. Oyster, mussels, ndi clams kuphika kwa mphindi zisanu kapena kuposerapo mpaka madziwo akuwonekera.