M’mutu uno, nkhani imene tidzakambitsirana idzakhala malo amene ana amakakonda kokayenda ndi zochitika zimene zikuchitika kumeneko. Cholinga choyamba cha ulendo wathu wofufuza chidzakhala masiladi oundana.
Kusambira kuchokera kumapiri ndi chisangalalo chachikhalidwe cha ku Russia chachisanu chomwe chimasungidwa mosalekeza m'moyo wa ana mpaka lero, koma, mwatsoka, chatsala pang'ono kutha ngati zosangalatsa kwa akuluakulu. Kuyambira zaka zana mpaka zaka zana, zochitika pazithunzi zimapangidwanso kwa mbadwo watsopano uliwonse. Ophunzira awo amapeza zamtengo wapatali, m'njira zambiri - zochitika zapadera, zoyenera kuziyang'anitsitsa. Ndipotu, zithunzi za ayezi ndi amodzi mwa malo omwe chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha ana amapangidwa, chomwe tidzakambirana kumapeto kwa mutu uno.
Mwamwayi, munthu wamakono wa ku Russia, yemwe ubwana wake unakhala m'madera omwe kuli nyengo yozizira yachisanu (ndipo iyi ndi pafupifupi gawo lonse la Russia yamakono), amadziwabe momwe zithunzi ziyenera kukhalira. Chigamulo chokhudza "komabe" sichinachitike mwangozi: mwachitsanzo, mumzinda waukulu wa chikhalidwe cha St. . Ndichoncho chifukwa chiyani? Apa, ndikuusa moyo, tinganene kuti zokayikitsa za chitukuko zimalowa m'malo mwa zithunzi zakale. Chifukwa chake, ndikufuna kuti ndiyambe ndi kufotokozera kwawo mwatsatanetsatane, komwe kungathandize kumvetsetsa zovuta zamaganizidwe zamakhalidwe a ana pamene akusefukira kuchokera kumapiri oundana.
Mawonekedwe achilengedwe a slide ndi malo otsetsereka achilengedwe, okwera mokwanira komanso atakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa kotero kuti kutsika kosavuta kukhoza kudzazidwa ndi madzi ndikusandulika kukhala msewu wozizira bwino wopita pamalo athyathyathya. Nthawi zambiri, kutsika kotereku mumzindawu kumapangidwa m'mapaki, m'mphepete mwa maiwe oundana ndi mitsinje.
Ma slide opangira ayezi amapangidwira ana m'mabwalo ndi mabwalo amasewera. Kawirikawiri izi ndi nyumba zamatabwa zokhala ndi makwerero ndi njanji, nsanja pamwamba ndi yotsika kwambiri komanso yotsika kwambiri kumbali inayo, yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi pansi. Akuluakulu osamala, nyengo yozizira ikayamba, mudzaze malowa ndi madzi kotero kuti msewu wautali wautali komanso wotakata wa ayezi utalikirane kwambiri pansi. Mwiniwake wabwino nthawi zonse amaonetsetsa kuti pamwamba pa malo otsetsereka mulibe maenje ndipo amadzazidwa mofanana, opanda dazi pamwamba pa madzi oundana.
Kusalala kwa kusintha kuchokera kutsika kupita pansi kuyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa. Amayesetsa kupanga mpukutu wa ayezi pamwamba pake kuti ukhale wosalala komanso wautali. Kudzaza madzi oundana molondola ndi luso: kumafuna luso, luso, ndi chisamaliro kwa anthu omwe adzakwerapo.
Kuti tiwone khalidwe la ana pa mapiri oundana ndi chipale chofewa, ndi bwino kuti tipite Lamlungu ku malo osungiramo nyama ku St. Petersburg, mwachitsanzo, ku Taurida. Kumeneko tidzapeza malo angapo otsetsereka achilengedwe - okwera kwambiri, otsetsereka pang'ono, okhala ndi matalala odzaza ndi otsetsereka oundana oundana okhala ndi mafunde aatali komanso otambalala kumapeto. Nthawi zonse kumakhala kotanganidwa kumeneko. Ana ali aamuna ndi aakazi, amisinkhu yosiyana, amitundu yosiyanasiyana: ena pa skis, ena ndi masilo (ali pa mapiri a chipale chofewa), koma koposa zonse - pawokha kapena ndi plywood, makatoni, zomangira zina. pansi pa misana yawo - awa amayesetsa phiri lachisanu . Operekeza akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amaima paphiripo, akuzizira, ndipo ana amathamanga ndi kutsika, ndipo kumakhala kotentha.
Phiri palokha ndi losavuta komanso losasinthika, lofanana kwa aliyense: msewu wozizira, wotsika kwambiri, umafalikira pamaso pa aliyense amene akufuna - umangoyitana. Mutha kuphunzira mwachangu mawonekedwe a slide: mutasunthira pansi kangapo, munthu amatha kumva bwino. Zochitika zonse paphiri zimatengera okwera okha. Makolo satenga nawo mbali pang'ono pankhaniyi. Zochitika zimalengedwa ndi ana malinga ndi zosowa zawo ndi zokhumba zawo, zomwe ziri zodabwitsa payekha, ngakhale kuti kunja aliyense akuchita chinthu chomwecho. Chiwembu cha zochita ndi chimodzimodzi kwa aliyense: atatha kuyembekezera nthawi yawo (pali anthu ambiri, ndipo nthawi zonse pali wina pamwamba pa chiyambi cha kutsika), mwanayo amaundana kwa kamphindi, kenako amatsika pansi. mwanjira ina, kuyesera kufika kumapeto kwenikweni kwa ayezi kugunda, amatembenuka ndipo makamaka briskly akuyamba kukwera phiri kachiwiri. Zonsezi zikubwerezedwa kambirimbiri, koma khama la ana si kuchepa. Waukulu chochitika chidwi mwana ndi ntchito zimene amaika yekha, ndi njira iye anatulukira awo kukhazikitsa. Koma mkati mwa chimango cha ntchito izi, mwanayo nthawi zonse amaganizira zigawo ziwiri zosalekeza: kuterera kwa pamwamba ndi liwiro la kutsika.
Kutsika phiri lozizira nthawi zonse kumatsetsereka, kaya ndi mapazi kapena matako. Kuthamanga kumapereka chidziwitso chapadera cha kukhudzana mwachindunji kwa thupi ndi nthaka, osati monga momwe zimakhalira mukuyenda, kuyimirira ndi kukhala. Munthu amene akutsetsereka mumsewu woundana woundana amamva kusintha pang’ono kwa malo, maenje opanda pake ndi mabwinja a mbali ya thupi lake imene yakhudzana mwachindunji ndi nthaka (mapazi, kumbuyo, kumbuyo). Zimamveka m'thupi lonse, kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwake ndikupangitsa munthu kumva kuchuluka kwa ziwalo za thupi ndi dongosolo lovuta la chuma chathu chonse cha thupi. Kutsika kuchokera ku phiri lozizira pamapazi, kumbuyo, kumbuyo nthawi zonse kulunjika, kumveka bwino ndi munthu, kumawonjezera nthawi yokhudzana ndi thupi lake ndi thupi la dziko lapansi - chithandizo chamuyaya cha chirichonse chikuyenda.
Zokumana nazo zoterozo zinali zowonekera kwambiri ndi zofunika kwambiri m’nyengo yachiyambi ya moyo, pamene mwanayo anali akuphunzira kumene kukwawa, kuimirira, ndi kuyenda. Kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala otopa pambuyo pake m’moyo popeza kukhala, kuimirira, ndi kuyenda kumakhala kodziŵika bwino popanda kudziletsa. Komabe, kuchepa kwa chidziwitso sikuchepetsa tanthauzo lakuya la kukhudzana kwathunthu kwa thupi lathu ndi nthaka pansi pa mapazi athu. Ndizodziwika bwino muzochita za psychotherapeutic kuti kukhudzana kumeneku kumatsimikizira "kukhazikika" kwa munthu m'chenicheni: kusinthana kwamphamvu kwachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe, kaimidwe koyenera komanso kuyenda, koma chofunikira kwambiri, "mizu" yamunthu m'moyo, kudziyimira pawokha, mphamvu ya maziko akhazikikapo. umunthu. Ndiiko komwe, sikuli mwangozi kunena kuti: “Wagwa pansi pa mapazi ake! Zikuoneka kuti mawuwa ayenera kumveka osati mophiphiritsa, komanso m'lingaliro lenileni la mawuwo. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la umunthu wokhudzana ndi kusalumikizana kwenikweni samaponda pansi ndi phazi lawo lonse. Mwachitsanzo, amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chosazindikira chosintha kulemera kwa thupi lawo pa zala zawo ndi kusatsamira bwino zidendene zawo. Choncho, mu psychotherapy yokhudzana ndi thupi, njira zambiri zothandiza zapangidwa kuti zikhazikitse maubwenzi pakati pa munthu ndi dziko lapansi kupyolera mu moyo - ndi kuzindikira kukhudzana kwa thupi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yothandizira, ndipo koposa zonse ndi nthaka pansi pa mapazi ake.
Pachifukwa ichi, kuyenda pansi pa ayezi Wopanda ndi mtundu wabwino wa maphunziro achilengedwe omwe amalimbitsa bwino miyendo ya m'munsi mwathupi ndikuthandizira munthu kumva zochitika zosiyanasiyana pamutu wa momwe angakhalire pa mapazi a moyo. Zoonadi, simungathe kutsika phirilo ndi zala zake. Pansipa tikambirana izi ndi zitsanzo zamoyo. Ndipo tsopano, kuti mutsirize chithunzi cha psycho-physiological, chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti kukwera kuchokera kumapiri oundana pamapazi ndiko kupewa kuyimitsa m'munsi mwa thupi, chifukwa pamenepa, kumasulidwa kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu kudzera m'miyendo kumachitika. Kwa anthu amakono, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa chokhala pansi nthawi zonse, kusagwira ntchito, komanso kuchepa kwa voliyumu yoyenda. (Concretizing lingaliro, tinganene kuti ndi kupewa ovarian cysts ndi uterine fibroids akazi ndi prostate adenomas amuna. Monga mukudziwa, nthawi yathu imadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa matenda amenewa.)
Ana amagwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zofunika kutsetsereka pa ayezi, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ungwiro. Chophweka (momwemo ndi momwe ana akukwera) ali kumbuyo, chachiwiri, chosinthika, chikugwedeza (izi zili kale pamapazi ake, komabe zili pansi kuti zisamagwere pamwamba) ndi zachitatu, zofanana. kwa kalasi yapamwamba, ili pamapazi ake, monga momwe ayenera kukhalira ophunzira aang'ono. Kwenikweni, kusuntha phiri kumapazi - izi ndi, mwa kumvetsa kwa ana, kusunthira pansi kwenikweni. Mkati mwa njira zitatuzi, pali zosiyana zambiri zomwe zingawonekere pakuchita kwa ana akukwera pa slide.
Pano pali wazaka zinayi kapena zisanu. Ali kale kutsetsereka popanda thandizo la amayi ake. Ana azaka zitatu zazaka zinayi nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi amayi kuti azikhala molingana pamphasa ndipo amakankhidwa modekha kuchokera pamwamba kupita kumbuyo kuti ayambe kuyenda. Uyu amachita zonse yekha. Amatsetsereka chakumbuyo kwake, alibe chofunda, koma manja ake ali otanganidwa. Pokwera phirilo, amanyamula mosamala m’manja mwake chipale chofewa chowumitsidwa. Atadikirira kutembenuka kwake kumtunda, mwanayo amakhala pansi pa ayezi mosamalitsa, akuyang'ana mozungulira, akukankhira chipale chofewa m'mimba mwake, amasonkhanitsa kulimba mtima kwake ... Kuwona kachidutswa kosuntha, kumtsegulira njira ndi kuyitana, kumatonthoza mwanayo. Amatuluka ndikutuluka pambuyo pake. Pansi pake, amanyamula mnzake ndikuthamanga ndi chidutswa, kukhutitsidwa, kumtunda, komwe zonse zimabwerezedwa kachiwiri.
Monga tikuonera, mwana uyu ndi “woyamba”. Amakhala ndi lingaliro lomwelo la kudzikonda: kumagudubuzika bwanji? Zili bwanji kwa inu nokha? Chitsanzo cha ma comrades achikulire sizolimbikitsa mokwanira - ndi osiyana. Mwanayo amamva kuti ali wosungulumwa ndipo amafunikira chitsanzo cha khalidwe lodziwika bwino kwa iye. Chidutswa cha matalala oundana, omwe mwanayo adabweretsa ndikukankhira pansi pamaso pake, amasewera gawo la "I" la mwanayo, ndipo kayendetsedwe kake kamapanga chitsanzo cha zochita kwa iye. Ngati mwana wamkulu, atakonzekera kutsika, akuganiza m'maganizo mwake momwe angayendetsere pansi, ndiye kuti wamng'onoyo ayenera kuwona ndi maso ake, pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha kayendetsedwe ka chinthu chomwe ali ndi mgwirizano wamkati. monga “ichi ndi changa”.
Ana a zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu amadziŵa bwino luso lokwera pamsana pawo. Amadziwa zomwe angayike pansi pawo kuti pakhale glide yabwino: amakonda plywood, zidutswa za makatoni wandiweyani, koma amayamikiranso mwayi wochoka, atakhala pa chinthu chochititsa chidwi (bokosi la botolo, beseni, etc.), imasokoneza ntchitoyi ndikusandutsa kutsika kukhala masewera. Ana odziwa zambiri amadziwa bwino zomwe zikuchitika: amadziwa kukankhira mwamphamvu pamwamba, kukwaniritsa mathamangitsidwe apamwamba panthawi yotsika, ndikugudubuza pansi kwambiri. Amatha kuwuka kapena kudzuka mwachangu, kunyamula zofunda zawo ndikupereka njira kwa ana omwe akuthamangira pambuyo pawo, kapena amatha kugona mowoneka bwino pansipa kuti akonze mphindi yomaliza yotsika ndikusangalala ndi mpumulo mokwanira.
Ana amene amatsetsereka pamsana pawo amadzimva kukhala osungika — alibe poti angagwere. Amasangalala ndi kukhudzidwa kwa thupi kukhudzana ndi madzi oundana, kutsetsereka ndi liwiro, ndipo amayesanso kukulitsa kumverera uku. Mwachitsanzo, amawonjezera malo okhudzana ndi thupi pamene akugudubuza m'mimba, kumbuyo kwawo atatambasula manja ndi miyendo, kapena amakonza "gulu-ndi-ang'ono" pansi ndi ana ena, ndiyeno. akupitiriza kugudubuzika m’chipale chofeŵa, atasiya kale njira youndana.
Mwanayo amachita chilichonse kuti alimbikitse kumverera kwa malire ake amthupi, kukhala ndi moyo kukhalapo kwake m'thupi lake, kumva kufunikira kwa thupi lake komanso - kusangalala ndi izi. Zochitika za kukhulupirika kwa "Ine" nthawizonse zimadzaza munthu ndi mphamvu ndi chisangalalo. Sizopanda pake kuti munthu wamkulu nthawi zonse amakhudzidwa ndi chisangalalo chapadera chomwe ana amalumphira pansi ndikuthamangiranso phirilo.
Apa zingakhale zoyenera kukumbukira kuti mu chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku Russia, kugubuduza phiri nthawi zonse kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi lingaliro la kupeza ndi kufulumizitsa kuyenda kwa mphamvu zofunikira mwa munthu komanso padziko lapansi zomwe amachitira. Choncho, patchuthi cha kalendala yachisanu, anthu amisinkhu yonse anayesa kutsika phirilo. Ana amafunikira mphamvu zofulumira kuti akule, ongokwatirana kumene kuti ayambire bwino moyo pamodzi, ndi okalamba kuti apitirire. Ankakhulupirira kuti ngati munthu wachikulire atachoka paphiri la Maslenitsa, adzakhala ndi moyo mpaka Isitala yotsatira.
M'chikhalidwe cha anthu, ankatsutsa kuti kugubuduka kwa anthu kuchokera kumapiri kumakhalanso ndi mphamvu yoyambitsa dziko lapansi - kunkatchedwa "kudzutsidwa kwa dziko lapansi": anthu ozungulira amamudzutsa, amadzutsa mwa iye zopatsa moyo. mphamvu ya masika akubwera.
Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu, mwana amaphunzira kutsetsereka pansi pa phiri lachisanu ndi mapazi ake, ndipo akafika zaka zisanu ndi zinayi kapena khumi nthawi zambiri amadziwa momwe angachitire bwino - amatha kutsika m'mapiri "ovuta", okwera. , ndi kutsika kwautali kosafanana.
Kudziwa luso limeneli, mwanayo amathetsa unyinji wonse wa galimoto ntchito ndi akupitiriza kuphunzira, komanso thupi ndi maganizo ntchito thupi lake. Kufunika kukhala pa mapazi akufotokozera awo springiness, amene zimatheka chifukwa cha kuyenda molumikizana mafupa ndi zogwirizana ntchito ya kinematic unyolo: zala - akakolo - mawondo - mafupa a chiuno - msana. Kukhoza kukhalabe bwino kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mgwirizano wa zomverera za minofu ndi ntchito ya zida za vestibular ndi masomphenya.
Apanso - pa phiri la ayezi pali maphunziro achilengedwe a zomwe zili zofunika pazochitika zambiri za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kupatula apo, ndikofunikira kukhalabe okhazikika komanso okhazikika kulikonse.
Kuwona ana, munthu akhoza kuona kuti mwana aliyense akukwera m'njira yofanana ndi malire a mphamvu zake zaumwini, koma osapitirira. Mwanayo amafuna kusonyeza pazipita zimene anachita, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuvulazidwa. Nthawi zambiri, ana abwino amazindikira malire awo. Ana a Neurotic ndi psychopathic amamva kuipiraipira: mwina amanyazi kwambiri, kapena, mosiyana, alibe chidziwitso chowopsa.
Pa slide, luso la mwanayo kuti adzipangire yekha ntchito zambiri zatsopano ndipo potero aperekepo nthawi zonse kuti apindule ndi zochitikazo zikuwonekera bwino. Umu ndi momwe mwanayo amatalikitsira kulankhulana kwake ndi chinthu chamasewera (kwa ife, ndi slide) ndikuchitembenuza kukhala gwero la chitukuko chaumwini. Ana ambiri amakonda zidole kuti alibe rigidly kumatanthauza kuzigwiritsa ntchito: thiransifoma ndi chilichonse zinthu ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha madigiri ufulu - iwo onse amalola zambiri zochita «paokha», pa nzeru za wosuta.
Ana akamadziwa luso lotsika pa ayezi mwa njira imodzi yomwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, kufufuza kwawo kwaluso nthawi zambiri kumabwera kudzera mu kusintha kwa kaimidwe ndi kufalikira kwa njira zotsika.
Mwachitsanzo, mwanayo amayenda bwino pamsana. Mwachidziwikire, ndiye kuti amayesa kuphunzira momwe angapititsire kumayambiriro kwa kutsika, yesani chilichonse chomwe angakhalepo kuti atuluke ndikugudubuza momwe angathere, afufuze zomwe zingatheke kuti azitha kuzungulira mozungulira "mfundo yake yachisanu." ", pamene iye akugudubuza kale pa liwiro pang'onopang'ono pa msewu ngakhale ayezi pansi, etc. Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwa iye kutsetsereka pansi pa mimba yake, pa nsana wake, atakhala chammbuyo, amene ana nthawi zambiri mantha," ". pa sitima” — kukumbatira mwana atakhala patsogolo pake (“Tikupita kuti?”), Pabokosi la botolo la pulasitiki, monga pampando wachifumu, ndi zina zotero. P.
Ngati kupitirira apo mwanayo sangayesere kupita kumalo apamwamba a skiing ndikuyesera squat kapena mapazi ake, ndiye kuti akhoza kusiya njira zina zabwino kwambiri kuti atsike ndikugwera mu masewerawa: pamene akukwera, adzalandira. adziyerekezere ali ndi gawo lina ndikukhala ndi zochitika zosaoneka kale ndi munthu wakunja.
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zochitika zongoganizirazi zingathenso kumasulidwa ndi khalidwe lakunja la mwanayo. Apa, pafupi ndi chipale chofewacho, mnyamata wina wamkulu pa sled akutsetsereka pa phiri la chipale chofewa. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu, ndipo iye, ngati wamng'ono, amagudubuza pansi pamtunda mobwerezabwereza, ndiyeno mokhazikika komanso mokondwera akukwera, ndipo zonse zimayambiranso. Chifukwa chiyani sakutopa? Ndiponsotu, ntchito yosavuta imeneyi mwachionekere si ya msinkhu wake! Kuyang'ana kwambiri zochita zake, tikupeza kuti iye, likukhalira, si kukwera sled.
Mnyamatayo ndi watsitsi lakuda, ndi maso opapatiza, amawoneka ngati Mtata. Amakhala pa nsonga yake, akutsamira mmbuyo, akupumira mwamphamvu miyendo yake yotambasulidwa, yopindika theka kutsogolo kwa othamanga, m'manja mwake muli chingwe chachitali, mbali zonse ziwiri zomwe zimamangiriridwa kutsogolo kwa sleigh. Amatsetsereka paphiri lalitali la chipale chofewa. Zochitika zazikulu zimayamba kwa iye panthawi yomwe sled ikukwera mofulumira. Kenako nkhope ya mnyamatayo imasintha, maso ake amachepetsa, miyendo yake imakhala yolimba kwambiri kutsogolo kwa othamanga, monga kugwedeza, amatsamira kwambiri: dzanja lake lamanzere, kufinya pakati pa chingwe chachiwiri mu nkhonya, amakoka. izo mwamphamvu, ngati zingwe, ndi dzanja lake lamanja, kulumikiza kuzungulira kwa chingwe chomwecho chotuluka mu nkhonya ya kumanzere, mwachidwi akuchigwedeza icho mozungulira mozungulira, ngati kuti akupotoza ndi kuimba mluzu ndi chikwapu, kulimbikitsa kavalo wake. Ameneyu si mnyamata amene akukwera phiri pa sikelo, koma wokwera nsonga amene akuthamanga kwambiri n’kumaona zinthu zamtsogolo. Kwa iye, slide ndi sled ndi njira. slide imafunika kuti munthu azitha kuzindikira liwiro, komanso slide imafunika kuti akwerepo kanthu. Chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimapanga zomwe zili pomwepo pamasewerawa ndizochitika za mnyamata yemwe akuthamangira patsogolo.
Aliyense amakwera paokha - iyi ndi nkhani yapayekha, kuyang'ana chidwi cha mwana pa thupi lake komanso zomwe wakumana nazo. Koma paphiri, ndithudi, ndi chikhalidwe, popeza gulu la ana lasonkhana kumeneko. Zilibe kanthu kuti ana angakhale alendo kotheratu ndipo salankhulana. Ndipotu amaona ena, amadziyerekezera ndi iwo, amatengera makhalidwe awo, ndipo amangodzionetsera pamaso pa wina ndi mnzake. Kukhalapo kwa anzako kumadzutsa mwa mwanayo chikhumbo chowonekera pamaso pa anthu m'njira yabwino kwambiri, monga akunena, kuti apereke mankhwala ndi nkhope yake, choncho amamulimbikitsa kuti afufuze kulenga.
Pa phiri mukhoza kupeza wolemera chikhalidwe zinachitikira. Popeza anthu a ana omwe ali pamenepo ndi amuna ndi akazi osiyana, mukhoza kuyang'ana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makhalidwe kumeneko ndikudzitengera nokha chinachake. Ana amaphunzira kwa wina ndi mnzake m’kuphethira kwa diso. Pofotokoza ndondomekoyi, mawu achikulire akuti "kutengera" amawoneka osalowerera ndale. Mawu akuti "kunyambita" ana - zambiri molondola limafotokoza mlingo wa kuyandikira maganizo kukhudzana ndi mwana wamkati chizindikiritso ndi chitsanzo wasankha kutsatira. Nthawi zambiri mwanayo utenga osati akafuna kachitidwe, komanso mbali mbali za khalidwe - nkhope, manja, kulira, etc. Choncho, choyamba chikhalidwe phindu kuti akhoza kupangidwa pa Wopanda ndi Kukula kwa repertoire khalidwe.
Chachiwiri ndi chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi malamulo a hostel. Kufunika kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Pali ana ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo otsetsereka amodzi kapena awiri. Pali vuto lotsatizana. Ngati mulibe kuganizira zaka, kuyenda, dexterity ana kukwera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, ndiye kugwa ndi kuvulala n'zotheka - choncho, pali vuto kukhalabe mtunda ndi lathu ambiri mu danga la zinthu. Palibe amene amalengeza mwatsatanetsatane machitidwe - amatengedwa ndi iwo eni, kutsanzira akulu achichepere, komanso chifukwa chibadwa chodziteteza chimayatsidwa. Kusemphana maganizo sikuchitika kawirikawiri. Pa chiwonetsero, mukhoza kuona bwinobwino mmene mwanayo amaphunzira kugawira khalidwe lake mu danga la zinthu, commensurate mtunda ndi liwiro la kayendedwe ka ophunzira ndi ake.
Kupeza kwachitatu kwa anthu pamene akukwera kutsika ndi mwayi wapadera wolankhulana mwachindunji (kuphatikizapo thupi) ndi ana ena. Woyang'anira wamkulu amatha kuwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi njira zokhazikitsira maubwenzi pakati pa ana pazithunzi.
Ana ena amakwera okha okha ndipo amapewa kucheza ndi ena. Atatsika phirilo, akuyesera kuchoka panjira ya omwe akugudubuza pambuyo pawo mwamsanga momwe angathere.
Ndiyeno pali ana omwe amalakalaka kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi khungu: samadandaula kupanga "mulu-ndi-ang'ono" pang'ono kumapeto kwa phirilo, kumene ana akuyenda mosiyanasiyana nthawi zina amagundana. zina. Zimawapatsa chisangalalo kumapeto kwa liwiro kuti ayambitse kugunda kapena kugwa kwa anthu m'modzi kapena awiri, kotero kuti pambuyo pake amatha kunjenjemera, kutuluka mulu wamba. Uwu ndi mtundu waubwana wokhutiritsa kufunikira kolumikizana ndi anthu ena kudzera m'thupi mwachindunji. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa slide nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ana a ukalamba, omwe pazifukwa zina sangathe kupeza njira zina zopezera maubwenzi ndi anzawo, komanso amavutika ndi kusowa kwa thupi ndi makolo awo kofunika kwa ana. .
Kulankhulana kwakuthupi kwa ana ndikokulirapo ndikuti amavomereza kukwera limodzi, akugwirana ngati "sitima". Amachita awiriawiri, atatu, anayi, kulimbikitsa anzawo kuti ayesere njira zosiyanasiyana zamasewera otsetsereka. Choncho, ana amapeza zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto ndi kulankhulana, komanso kumasuka bwino maganizo pamene squeal, kuseka, kufuula pamodzi.
Mwana wamkulu komanso wolimbikitsana ndi anthu, ndizowonjezereka kuti pa ayezi slide sadzadziyesa yekha, komanso kupita kuzinthu zazing'ono zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo. M'zaka zaunyamata, imodzi mwamitu yoyesa kwambiri pazoyeserera zotere ndikufufuza njira zomangira ubale ndi ana ena ndikuwongolera machitidwe awo: momwe angatengere chidwi chawo, kuwapangitsa kuti azidzilemekeza okha, kuphatikiza pamayendedwe awo, komanso momwe angachitire. kunyengerera ena. Zonsezi zimachitika mosamala kwambiri. Kawirikawiri anthu a ana amatsatira lamulo lofunikira la slide: kukwera nokha ndikulola ena kukwera. Sakonda madalaivala osasamala ndipo amatalikirana nawo.
Nthawi zambiri ana amayesa poyambitsa zovuta zamagulu (izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi omwe amawadziwa) kapena kukonza zogwedeza zazing'ono za ena. Ntchito ya maphunziro oyesedwa ndikukhalabe odzidalira komanso odzidalira.
Pano, mwana amaima moyembekezera m'mphepete mwa malo oundana omwe ali pakati pa chipale chofewa ndikuwona ana akugwera pansi. Mnzakeyo akamadutsa galimoto, mwanayo akudumpha mwadzidzidzi n’kumukakamira. Malingana ndi kukhazikika kwa bwenzi, ana amagwera pamodzi, kapena wachiwiri amatha kudzigwirizanitsa ndi woyamba, ndipo amaimirira ndikugudubuza ngati "sitima" mpaka kumapeto.
Pano pali mnyamata wa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, amene mochenjera, ndi liwiro, akukwera pa mapazi ake, akunjenjemera, akuthamanga pamwamba pa phiri. Anadabwa kwambiri kuti mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi, akugudubuza kutsogolo, mwadzidzidzi adagwa kuchokera kukulira kumeneku. Kenako wazaka khumi ndi ziwiri zakubadwa ndi chidwi adayamba kuyang'ana izi mobwerezabwereza, ndipo motsimikiza: mutangoyimba mluzu mokweza kapena kufuula kumbuyo kwa ana oyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso osakhazikika akuyenda pansi pa phiri pamapazi awo, iwo nthawi yomweyo amataya kukhazikika kwawo ndikuyamba kugwedezeka, kapena kugwa, ngati kuti akuimba muluzu wa Nightingale Wakuba.
Kawirikawiri, pa phiri munthu amawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Atakwera, amasonyeza makhalidwe ake: mlingo wa ntchito, mwanzeru, kudzidalira. Mlingo wa zonena zake, mantha amakhalidwe ndi zina zambiri zikuwoneka bwino. Sizopanda pake kuti m'chikhalidwe cha anthu ammudzi skiing kuchokera kumapiri pa tchuthi chachisanu nthawi zonse wakhala nkhani yowonera, miseche, ndi mphekesera za anthu a m'mudzimo. Malinga ndi zimene anaonazi, ngakhale maulosi ananenedwa ponena za tsogolo la oseŵera mumsewu, makamaka ngati anali okwatirana kumene: aliyense amene wagwa woyamba ndiye adzakhala woyamba kufa. Ngati anagwa pamodzi mbali imodzi, adzakhala pamodzi mu zovuta za moyo. Iwo adagawanika kumbali zosiyanasiyana za njira ya ayezi - kotero adzachita panjira ya moyo.
Choncho, pamene mwanayo akukwera, kholo silingakhale lotopetsa komanso lozizira, komanso penyani ubongo wawo ndi phindu. Wopanda bwino amavumbulutsa mavuto a thupi la ana: kusokonezeka, kusayenda bwino kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, kusakhazikika chifukwa chosakwanira kukhudzana kwa mapazi ndi nthaka, kuchepa kwa miyendo, ndi kusuntha kwapamwamba pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya thupi. Kumeneko n'kosavuta kuwunika msinkhu wa kukula kwa thupi la mwanayo poyerekeza ndi ana ena a msinkhu wake. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mavuto onsewa amatha kuthetsedwa bwino ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakhala ndi moyo pa ayezi, omwe, kuchokera kumalingaliro amalingaliro, ndi malo apadera a kuzindikira ndi kukula kwa thupi la mwana "I" muzochitika zachilengedwe. Pankhani imeneyi, palibe phunziro lakuthupi la kusukulu limene lingapikisane ndi masilaidi. Zowonadi, m'kalasi palibe amene amalabadira zovuta zamaganizo ndi zathupi za ana, makamaka popeza mphunzitsi sapita mozama kuti afotokoze zifukwa zawo zamkati. Nthawi zambiri, zifukwa izi zimachokera ku ubwana woyambirira wa mwana, pamene mapangidwe a thupi anachitika, ndiye - ndondomeko za thupi ndi dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka maganizo. Kuti timvetse ndi kuthetsa zolephera zomwe zakhala zikuchitika m'kati mwa kukhala ndi thupi la "Ine" la wophunzira, mphunzitsi ayenera kukhala wodziwa bwino zamaganizo, zomwe aphunzitsi athu akusowa kwambiri. Mufunikanso pulogalamu yamaphunziro yolimbitsa thupi yochokera m'maganizo. Popeza sizili choncho, mphunzitsi wapasukulu amapereka ntchito zofanana kwa aliyense mogwirizana ndi dongosolo lachitukuko lopanda umunthu la maphunziro akuthupi.
Koma panthawi yoyenda mwaufulu m'malo achilengedwe a chinthu-malo, makamaka pa ayezi, anawo amadzipangira okha ntchito mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zachangu zakukula kwawo kwathupi komanso kwamunthu. Zosowa izi sizingafanane konse ndi malingaliro a mphunzitsi pa zomwe zili zothandiza ndi zofunika kwa mwana.
Pali osiyanasiyana mavuto ana kugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha thupi «Ine» ndi socialization thupi, amene pafupifupi osati anazindikira akuluakulu. Kwenikweni, gwero la mavuto ambiri amtunduwu nthawi zambiri kuphwanya ubale wa makolo ndi mwana wawo. Akuluakulu sangangomuthandiza kuthana ndi mavutowa, koma amayamba kuzunza mwanayo pamene akuyesera kuchita m'njira zake, zokhumudwitsa komanso zosamvetsetseka kwa munthu wamkulu.
Mwachitsanzo, ana ena amakonda kugudubuza pansi, pa udzu, pa chipale chofewa - mwachinyengo chilichonse komanso popanda. (Tawona kale izi m'makhalidwe a ana ena paphiri) Koma izi ndi zonyansa, chifukwa cha izi amakalipira, izi siziloledwa, makamaka ngati mwanayo ali wamkulu kale ndipo amapita kusukulu. Ngakhale kuti zilakolako zoterezi zimapezeka mwa wachinyamata. Chifukwa chiyani? Kodi amachokera kuti?
Kugudubuzika mwachidwi (kugudubuzika, kutembenuka kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kumimba, ndi zina zotero) kumapereka mphamvu ya kukhudza ndi kukanikiza pazigawo zazikulu za mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Izi zimakulitsa kuwala kwa zochitika za malire a thupi ndi kukhalapo kogwirika kwa ziwalo zake, zochitika za mgwirizano wake ndi kachulukidwe.
M'mawu a neurophysiological, kumveka kotereku kumaphatikizapo kupangika kwapadera kwa ubongo wakuya (thalamo-pallidar).
Amapereka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, pamene chinthu chachikulu cha munthu ndicho kudzimva yekha, osati dziko lozungulira, pamene ntchito yake ya galimoto ikuchitika mkati mwa malire ake. kusuntha kwa thupi ndipo sikulunjikitsidwa kuzinthu zilizonse zakunja.
M'mawu amaganizo, kugwedezeka koteroko kumapereka kubwerera kwa iyemwini, kukhudzana ndi inu nokha, umodzi wa thupi ndi mzimu: pambuyo pake, pamene munthu akuyenda mopanda dyera, maganizo ake ndi malingaliro ake sakhala otanganidwa ndi china chilichonse kupatula kudzimva yekha.
N’chifukwa chiyani mwanayo akufunafuna madera oterowo? Chifukwa chake chikhoza kukhala chokhazikika komanso chanthawi yayitali.
Chikhumbo chogona mozungulira nthawi zambiri chimayamba mwa mwana pamene ali wotopa m'maganizo - kuchokera ku kuphunzira, kuchokera ku kulankhulana, ndipo sanadziwebe njira zina zosinthira kuti apume. Ndiye mwanayo amafunikira chisamaliro chake, chomwe chinatengedwa kunja ndikuyang'ana kwa nthawi yaitali pazinthu zakunja: pa ntchito zomwe aphunzitsi amalemba, pa mawu ndi zochita za anthu omwe ali pafupi naye, kubwerera mmbuyo, mkati mwa danga la thupi la I. Izi zimatheketsa mwanayo kubwerera kwa iyemwini ndi kupuma kuchokera kudziko, kubisala m'nyumba yake yathupi, monga moluska mu chipolopolo. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, pali ana omwe amafunika kugona pansi pambuyo pa phunziro la sukulu ya kindergarten kapena pambuyo pa phunziro panthawi yopuma kusukulu.
Kwa akuluakulu, analogue ya khalidwe la chikhumbo cha mwana kugona pansi chidzakhala chikhumbo chogona pansi, kusuntha mwaulesi, ndi maso otsekedwa, m'madzi onunkhira osamba ofunda.
Chomwe chimachititsa kuti ana ena azilakalaka kugona kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndicho vuto laubwana limene limakhalapobe mpaka ukalamba. Ichi ndi kusowa kwa buku la kukhudza koyenera kwa mwanayo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kulankhulana kwa thupi ndi mayi, komanso kusakwanira kwa moyo kupyolera mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha galimoto. Chifukwa cha ichi, mwanayo amakhalabe ndi chilakolako cha khanda mobwerezabwereza kuti alandire kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi kukakamizidwa, kukhala ndi moyo wokhudzana ndi thupi lake ndi chinthu china. Kukhale kukhudzana kwapang'onopang'ono - osati ndi mayi yemwe amasisita, kukumbatira, kunyamula m'manja mwake, koma pansi, ndi nthaka. Ndikofunika kuti mwanayo amve kuti aliko kudzera m'mawu awa - "Ndine."
Mwana wamkulu ali ndi njira zochepa zovomerezeka ndi anthu zopezera chidziwitso cha psycho-corporeal chomwe anali nacho ali wamng'ono popanda kuchititsa chitsutso kuchokera kwa akuluakulu. Amodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri pazolinga izi ndi slide ya ayezi. Apa mutha kupeza nthawi zonse zolimbikitsa zakunja pazochita zanu ndikukwaniritsa zikhumbo zanu zobisika mwalamulo, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu.
Pano, mwachitsanzo, ndi momwe wachinyamata wautali, wovuta, yemwe nthawi zambiri amapunthwa amathetsera vutoli paphiri lachisanu. Nthawi zonse amapusitsa, mwachinyengo ichi amagwa mopanda ulemu ndipo zotsatira zake amachoka atagona. Ndipotu, osachepera, koma amadziwa kutsetsereka pansi pa phiri pamapazi ake, zomwe adazitsimikizira kale poyamba. Zikuwonekeranso kuti mnyamatayo samangoopa kugwa. Pamene akutsika atagona, mwachiwonekere amakonda kumva msana wake, matako, thupi lonse lonse - amayesa kufalitsa yekha mokulirapo, kufunafuna kukhudzana kwambiri ndi thupi momwe angathere ndi pamwamba pa njanji ya ayezi. Pansipa, amaundana kwa nthawi yayitali, akukhala m'derali, kenako amadzuka monyinyirika, ndipo ... chirichonse chikubwereza kachiwiri.
A okhwima ndi zovuta mawonekedwe a kulongosola ndi ana a mutu wa kuzindikira thupi «Ine», koma kale mu chikhalidwe chikhalidwe, ndi «mulu wamng'ono» kudziwika kwa ife. Ana nthawi zambiri amakonza izo kumapeto kwa kutsika kuchokera kuphiri. Tikayang'anitsitsa, tiwona kuti "mulu-wang'ono" suli wophweka monga momwe ungawonekere. Uku si kutaya mwachisawawa kwa matupi a ana ambiri. Ana sankangogundana n’kugwerana mwangozi. Iwo (ena a iwo) adakwiyitsa mulu uwu ndikupitiriza kuchita mwa mzimu womwewo: atatuluka pansi pa matupi a ana ena, mwanayo amagweranso mwadala pamwamba pawo, ndipo izi zikhoza kubwerezedwa kangapo. Zachiyani?
Mu «mulu waung'ono» thupi la mwanayo salinso ankachita ndi inert padziko lapansi, koma ndi amoyo, yogwira matupi a ana ena - asilikali, leggy, lalikulu mutu. Amatsamira, kukankhana, kumenyana, kuwunjikana mbali zonse. Uku ndiko kulankhulana kwakukulu kwa matupi aumunthu osuntha, ndipo aliyense ali ndi khalidwe lake, lomwe likuwonekera mofulumira muzochita.
Apa mwanayo samangomvanso kudziyimira pawokha kwa thupi lake, monga momwe zimakhalira pomverera. Kupyolera mu kuyanjana kwa thupi lamoyo ndi mtundu wake, amayamba kudzidziwa yekha monga thupi komanso nthawi yomweyo chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kupatula apo, "kachulukidwe kakang'ono" ndi gulu la ana ofupikitsidwa kwambiri, lopanikizidwa kwambiri kotero kuti palibe mtunda pakati pa omwe atenga nawo mbali. Ichi ndi mtundu wa zinthu condensate wa ana a anthu. Pakukhudzana kwambiri koteroko, kudzidziwitsa nokha ndi wina ndi mzake kumapita mofulumira kwambiri kusiyana ndi mtunda wokhazikika. Zimadziwika kuti kuti ana adziwe ndikugwirana.
Mu miyambo ya kulankhulana kwa ana, kukangana kwa thupi wina ndi mzake (apotheosis yomwe ndi "mulu waung'ono") nthawi zonse imakhala yofunika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imamaliza masewera oyendetsa magalimoto (mwachitsanzo, kutaya wamba pambuyo pa leapfrog kapena masewera okwera pamahatchi), imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pagulu lofotokoza nkhani zowopsa zachikhalidwe, ndi zina zambiri.
Sitidzaganiziranso ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamaganizo zomwe mkangano waukulu wotere uli nawo mu subculture ya ana. Ndikofunikira kuti tizindikire mfundo yakuti nthawi ndi nthawi chilakolako chamagulu a thupi ndi chikhalidwe cha maubwenzi mu kampani ya ana, makamaka yachinyamata. (Timadzionera tokha kuti anyamata amasiya kuyamwa chifukwa chokhudzana kwambiri ndi amayi awo kale kwambiri kuposa atsikana, ndipo amakumana ndi thupi lomwe amasowa pokangana ndi anzawo).
Chochititsa chidwi kwa ife ndi chakuti «zambiri-zing'ono» si wamba mawonekedwe mwachindunji thupi mogwirizana wina ndi mnzake kwa ana. Pankhani ya chikhalidwe cha dziko, ndi khalidwe chiwonetsero cha Russian wowerengeka mwambo wa socializing thupi ndi kuphunzitsa umunthu wa mwanayo. Kuchokera pamenepo, mawu akuti «mulu-wang'ono» lokha. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu moyo wa anthu gulu la ana lotere nthawi zambiri limakonzedwa ndi akuluakulu. Ndi kufuula kuti: “Mulu waung’ono! Mulu-wamng'ono! - alimi anatenga gulu la ana mu armful, kuwataya pamwamba pa mzake. Iwo amene anatuluka mu muluwo anaponyedwanso pamwamba pa ena onse. Nthawi zambiri, mawu akuti "Kagulu kakang'ono!" anali ambiri anavomereza chenjezo chizindikiro kuti, choyamba, wofuulayo amaona zinthu ngati masewera, ndipo kachiwiri, kuti anali pafupi kuonjezera «mulu» pa ndalama zake kapena thupi la munthu wina. Azimayi akuluakulu ankayang'ana kumbali ndipo sanasokoneze.
Kodi socialization wa ana mu «mulu” anali chiyani?
Kumbali imodzi, mwanayo amakhala bwino thupi lake - kufinya, kugwedeza pakati pa matupi a ana ena, ndipo potero anaphunzira kuti asachite mantha, kuti asasochere, koma kuti adziteteze, akukwawa kuchokera ku dambo lonse. Kumbali ina, sikunali kotheka kuiwala kwachiwiri kuti phiri lamoyo, lophwanyika, matupi osokoneza ndi achibale, oyandikana nawo, ocheza nawo. Choncho, kudziteteza, kusuntha mofulumira komanso mwakhama, kunali koyenera kuchita mwanzeru - mosamala kuti asathyole mphuno ya munthu, kuti asalowe m'maso, kuti asawononge chilichonse kwa ana ena (onani mkuyu 13-6). Choncho, "mulu-waung'ono" anayamba thupi tilinazo (chifundo) poyerekezera ndi wina mu luso la thupi kulankhulana ndi pafupi galimoto kukhudzana munthu ndi munthu. Takambirana kale za izi pamene tinkakambirana za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu okwera pamagalimoto a ku Russia.
Mwa njira, basi yodzaza ndi anthu imakhala yofanana modabwitsa ndi "mulu waung'ono" kwa akuluakulu - sizopanda chifukwa tinkawona kuti ndi malo abwino kwambiri (ngakhale mochepa) pochita luso loyankhulana ndi ena. (mawu a m'munsi: M'chikhalidwe cha anthu aamuna, "mulu-wamng'ono «inali imodzi mwa mfundo za sukulu ya ku Russia ya maphunziro a nkhonya yamtsogolo. Monga momwe wowerenga akukumbukira, ankhondo a ku Russia ankadziwika ndi luso lawo lapadera lomenya nkhondo pamtunda waufupi; Ubwino wa njira zankhondo zaku Russia zikuwonekera bwino m'masewera amakono, pamene nkhonya zimakumana mu duel ndi oyimira masukulu a masewera omenyera nkhondo. Zomwezi zidawonedwanso ndi anthu amasiku ano pomenyana manja ndi manja pakati pa Russia. asilikali (makamaka amuna akumidzi) ndi a ku Japan pa nkhondo ya 1904-1905.
Kuti mukhale opambana pamasewera ankhondo aku Russia, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zofewa, zoyenda m'malo olumikizirana onse, thupi lomasulidwa kwathunthu lomwe limayankha kusuntha pang'ono kwa mnzake - wankhondo waku Russia alibe poyambira ndipo amatha kuchita chilichonse. udindo mkati mwa danga laling'ono (onani Gruntovsky A. V «Russian fisticuffs. History. Ethnography. Technique. St. Petersburg, 1998). Apa, mwa njira, tikhoza kukumbukira laconic malongosoledwe a Russian abwino a otukuka, mogwirizana mafoni thupi, amene amapezeka mu nthano wowerengeka: «Mitsempha - kuti mtsempha, olowa - kuti olowa.
Pachifukwa ichi, "zambiri zazing'ono" ndizochita bwino kwambiri zophunzitsira zachitukuko cha kukhudzidwa kwa thupi ndi kukhudzana, ndipo makhalidwe amenewa amapangidwa mosavuta mwa ana aang'ono. Wolembayo anali wotsimikiza za izi kambirimbiri m’makalasi a E. Yu. Gureev, membala wa "Petersburg Society of Fisticuffs Lovers", yemwe adapanga pulogalamu yapadera yopititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe cha ku Russia kwa ana aang'ono).
Kupitiriza mutu wa ethno-chikhalidwe mbali ya galimoto khalidwe la ana pa phiri, ndithudi, munthu sayenera kuiwala chapakati chochitika - Wopanda lokha ku otsetsereka oundana.
Pa maholide a kalendala yachisanu muzochitika zamwambo, kuthekera kwa munthu kusuntha phiri bwino pamapazi ake kunali ndi tanthauzo lamatsenga. Mwachitsanzo, kuti nsaluyo ikule kutalika m’chilimwe, ndipo ulusi wake sunaduke, anyamatawo anagudubuzika ndi mapazi awo molingana ndi mmene angathere, akufuula kuti: “Ndikugudubuza pansalu ya amayi anga!”
Koma kawirikawiri, kwa munthu wa ku Russia, luso lokhazikika nthawi zonse limayesedwa ndi luso lake lokhalabe pamapazi pa ayezi. Monga momwe ng’ombe ya ku ng’ombe imafunikira kuyenda m’njira zotsetsereka za mapiri ndi m’zitsetse, monga momwe munthu wa m’chipululu amamvera kufulumira kwa mchenga, momwemonso munthu wa ku Russia ayenera kuyenda bwino pa ayezi. M'nyengo yozizira, aliyense ayenera kuchita izi chifukwa cha zochitika za nyengo ndi malo.
M'masiku akale, yozizira chikondwerero fistfights - «makoma» ndi nkhondo zenizeni ndi adani zambiri zinachitika pa ngakhale ayezi achisanu mitsinje ndi nyanja, popeza pali ambiri a iwo mu Russia ndipo ndi lonse. Chifukwa chake, omenya nkhonya amaphunzitsidwa pa ayezi kuti azikhala okhazikika.
M'lingaliro limeneli, phiri lalitali lozizira kwambiri lomwe limakhala lotsika kwambiri ndi malo oyesera kwambiri munthu mwa kuterera pamodzi ndi liwiro komanso nthawi yomweyo sukulu yomwe amaphunzira kukhazikika komanso kutha kumva, kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito miyendo yake. Poyamba, mapiri ambiri osefukira (ie, makamaka anasefukira kwa mapangidwe otsetsereka oundana) pa okwera magombe a mitsinje anali kwambiri lalikulu mpukutu m'litali - makumi ambiri mamita. Mwanayo atakula komanso kuti apitirizebe kuyenda bwino, anakopeka kwambiri ndi mwayi wophunzira liwiro pamapiri aatali amenewa. Ana ndi akuluakulu onse adabwera ndi zipangizo zambiri, kusunthira pansi zomwe zinali zotheka kupanga liwiro lothamanga kwambiri ndikudziyika okha ntchito zovuta kwambiri za dexterity, moyenera komanso kulimba mtima. Pazida zosavuta zamtunduwu zinali zozungulira "ma glaciers" - ayezi okhala ndi manyowa owundana mu sieve kapena beseni, mabenchi apadera omwe amakwera pamahatchi - skid yawo yakumunsi idakutidwanso chifukwa choterera ndi chisakanizo cha ayezi wozizira ndi manyowa, ndi zina zambiri. .
Mawu otchuka a Gogol, omwe analankhula za mbalame ya Troika: "Ndipo ndi mtundu wanji wa Russian sakonda kuyendetsa mofulumira!" - zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuchokera kumapiri oundana. Ngati panalibe zachilengedwe, matabwa aatali anamangidwa pa maholide, monga momwe zinkakhalira m'zaka za zana zapitazi ku Maslenitsa pakati pa St. Petersburg moyang'anizana ndi Admiralty, ku Neva ndi m'malo ena. Anthu a mibadwo yonse ankakwera kumeneko.
Atadutsa m’mabwalo amakono a St. Petersburg ndi mabwalo ochitira maseŵero kufunafuna zithunzithunzi za ayezi za ku Russia, munthu akhoza kuchitira umboni momvetsa chisoni kuti alipo ochepa chabe—zocheperapo kuposa momwe zinaliri zaka makumi awiri zapitazo. Akusinthidwa ndi nyumba zamakono zopangidwa ndi konkriti kapena zitsulo, zomwe zimatchedwanso slides, koma sizinapangidwe kuti zikhale zozizira zachisanu zomwe tafotokozazi. Amakhala ndi chitsulo chopapatiza, chopindika komanso chotsetsereka, chokwezeka pansi. Kuchokera pamenepo muyenera kutsika kumbuyo kwanu kapena squat, mutagwira kumbali ndi manja anu ndikudumphira pansi. Ilibe ayezi pamenepo. Iye, ndithudi, alibenso mpukutu wina pansi. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri - kuchokera ku phiri loterolo simungathe kukwera mutaima pamapazi anu. Slide iyi ndi yachilimwe, idachokera kumayiko akunja komwe kulibe nyengo yozizira ndi ayezi.
Chomvetsa chisoni n’chakuti zithunzithunzi zachitsulo zoterozo tsopano zikuloŵa m’malo mwa slide za ayezi za ku Russia ku St. Pano pali imodzi mwa minda yomwe ili pakatikati pa mzindawo komwe ndinakhala maola ambiri chaka chatha ndikuyang'ana ana akuthamanga: panali slide yaikulu yamatabwa ya ayezi, yomwe inali malo omwe ankakonda kwambiri ana ochokera kumadera onse ozungulira. Madzulo a m’nyengo yachisanu, ngakhale atate awo, amene anawadumpha, ankakwera pahatchi kumeneko ndi ana awo. Posachedwapa, ngodya iyi ya dimba idamangidwanso - adayesa kukonzanso chifukwa chakuyandikira kwa Smolny. Choncho, slide yolimba yamatabwa, chifukwa cha bulkiness yake yochititsa chidwi, inagwetsedwa, ndipo chitsulo chopepuka chamtundu wamtundu womwe tafotokoza pamwambapa chinayikidwa m'malo mwake.
Tsopano yasiyidwa mozungulira: amayi akukhala pa mabenchi, ana ang'onoang'ono akukumba ndi mafosholo mu chipale chofewa, ana okulirapo sakuwonekanso, popeza palibe malo okwera. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupita ku Tauride Garden, yomwe ili kutali kwambiri, ndipo popanda makolo saloledwa kupita kumeneko. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani anacita zimenezi?
Mwina chifukwa chakuti mtundu watsopano wa slide wachitsulo umawoneka kwa okonzekera kukhala wokongola komanso wamakono, "monga m'mayiko otukuka". Mwina, zikuwoneka kuti zikugwira ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chilimwe - ngakhale zithunzi zotere nthawi zambiri sizikwera. Pang'ono motere, kufunika kokonzanso kowonjezera kwa slide kumachotsedwa - kudzazidwa kwake. Inde, mwanayo sadzatha ngakhale ndi slide woteroyo, adzapeza momwe angachitire, koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa iye chidzazimiririka pamodzi ndi ayezi. Malo okhala ndi zinthu zomuzungulira adzakhala osauka - mwanayo adzakhala wosauka.
Monga chinthu chilichonse chopangidwa ndi anthu kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba, slide yamtundu umodzi kapena ina imakhala ndi lingaliro lolimbikitsa lomwe silinayambe kuyambira pachiyambi. Zimawonetsa psychology ya anthu omwe adapanga slide - dongosolo lawo lamalingaliro pazomwe zikufunika komanso zofunika kwa wogwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo. M'zinthu zonse poyamba adayika chifukwa chake komanso momwe zidzathandizire anthu. N’chifukwa chake zinthu za m’nthaŵi zakale ndi zikhalidwe zina zimakhala ndi chidziŵitso cholembedwa m’chipangizo chawo chonena za anthu amene anawakonzera. Pogwiritsa ntchito chirichonse, timagwirizanitsa ndi psychology ya omwe adawalenga, chifukwa timasonyeza ndendende makhalidwe omwe amaganiziridwa ndi okonza kuti ndi ofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino chinthu ichi. Mwachitsanzo, kuvala suti yakale, munthu amamva kuti kuvala moyenera kumaphatikizapo kaimidwe kapadera, pulasitiki, kuthamanga kwa kayendetsedwe kake - ndipo izi zimayamba kusintha kudzidziwitsa ndi khalidwe la munthu wovala suti iyi.
Momwemonso ndi zithunzi: kutengera zomwe ali, machitidwe a ana okwera kuchokera pamenepo amasintha. Tiyeni tiyese kufanizitsa zofunikira zamaganizo zomwe zasindikizidwa muzithunzi zamitundu iwiri yomwe tafotokozayi.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zithunzi zachitsulo zamakono. Chofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi zithunzi za ayezi aku Russia ndikuti kutsika kumathera ngati kasupe, osafika pansi. Mwanayo ayenera kutsika pang'onopang'ono ndikuyima kumapeto kwa kutsika kuti asagwe, kapena kudumphira pansi mwachisangalalo ngati kuchokera pa bolodi. Zikutanthauza chiyani?
Poyerekeza ndi roller coaster, kuthekera kwa kugudubuza kumachepetsedwa apa: malo otsetsereka ndi opindika komanso afupi, choncho liwiro liyenera kukhala lochepa kwambiri kuti musamangirire mphuno yanu pansi. Kuti Wopanda kukhala yopapatiza, kumamatira kumbali, dosing liwiro la kutsika. Kujambula kotereku kumaphatikizapo kudziletsa ndi kulondola: kudziletsa ndi kulamulira zochita za munthu, zomwe zimachitika pakapita nthawi. Palibe kukhudzana ndi pansi pakuyenda konse.
Pachifukwa ichi, kutsetsereka kwa ayezi ku Russia ndikosiyana ndendende. Nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera, otsetsereka ake ndi otambasuka, amatenga malo ochulukirapo mumlengalenga, popeza msewu wautali woundana umayenda motsatira pansi kuchokera pamenepo. Mapangidwe a roller coaster amasinthidwa kuti apereke kutalika kwanjira komanso kuthamanga kwa liwiro, chifukwa chake anali okwera momwe angathere.
Kuyendetsa phiri loterolo, muyenera kusiya chikhumbo chofuna kugwiritsitsa china chake, koma, m'malo mwake, sankhani kukankha molimba mtima kapena kuthamanga ndikuthamangira kutsogolo ndi mathamangitsidwe, kudzipereka kumayendedwe omwe akuyenda mwachangu. Uku ndi kugwedezeka, mpukutu, kufalikira mumlengalenga momwe mphamvu zamunthu zimaloleza.
Ponena za tanthawuzo, iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zopezera mlengalenga wapadera, womwe ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa dziko la Russia. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika ndi kutalika kwa kutembenuka kwa mphamvu zamkati za munthu m'malo a dziko lozungulira. Mu chikhalidwe chathu, izo mwachizolowezi anali m'gulu la zochitika zapamwamba za munthu Russian mu ubale wake ndi dziko lakwawo. (mawu a m'munsi: Chachitatu, slide yachitsulo imachotsa zofunikira zomwe zimayenera kuyanjana ndi ana: sikungathekenso kutsetsereka pamodzi kapena kukonza "gulu" chifukwa otsetsereka ndiafupi komanso opapatiza, ndi kukankha lakuthwa padzakhala. kugunda kwamphamvu pansi.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti m'dziko loyandikana nalo la Finland, mapiri odzaza madzi oundana sakudziwika, makamaka omwe amamangidwa mwapadera, omwe amakwerapo. Ndipo izi ngakhale kufanana kwa nyengo (yozizira yozizira) komanso kuti Finland wakhala mbali ya Ufumu wa Russia. Anthu a ku Finni amakonda malo awo otsetsereka a chipale chofewa, komwe amathamangirako ndi kusefukira, nthawi zina kumbuyo kwawo, pazitsulo zapulasitiki. Pa zosangalatsa za ana a masika-chilimwe, pali zithunzi za pulasitiki zazing'ono zamtundu umene tidawafotokozera pamwambapa monga "newfangled".
Chithunzi chomwecho ku Sweden, wondidziwitsa wanga - Swede wazaka makumi anayi, yemwe amadziwa bwino mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha kwawo, adayenda kutali - amachitira umboni kuti ali ndi mapiri ambiri a chipale chofewa. Amapita ku ski ndi sledding. Koma sizichitika kwa wina aliyense kuwadzaza, kuwasandutsa madzi oundana ndikuchoka pa mapazi awo. Komanso, kupanga masiladi oundana oundana.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, chikhalidwe cha ana a ku Sweden chili ndi mitundu yambiri yokhudzana ndi malo omwe afotokozedwa m'bukuli. Monga ana a ku Russia, amapanga «zinsinsi» ndi «malo obisala», momwemonso anyamata amasaka "zinsinsi" za atsikana. (Zomwe, malinga ndi ku America wazaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndizofanana ndi ana akumidzi ku Canada). Mofanana ndi ana a ku Russia okhala ku Urals ndi Siberia, Aswedi aang’ono amadzipangira okha “nyumba zokhalamo” m’nyengo yozizira, monga ngati ma igloos a Eskimos kapena Laplanders, ndipo amakhala pamenepo akuyatsa makandulo. Kufanana koteroko kungaganiziridwe pasadakhale, chifukwa kupanga "zinsinsi" ndi kumanga "likulu" ndi chifukwa cha malamulo amaganizo a mapangidwe a umunthu waumunthu wa ana onse, omwe amapeza mawonekedwe oyandikana nawo akunja. zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale chikhumbo chotsika m'mapiri chimapangitsa ana ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana kukhala ogwirizana, koma kutsetsereka pansi pamapiri oundana, makamaka akuyenda, zikuwoneka ngati zenizeni za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha ku Russia chogwirizana ndi dziko lawo.)
Tiyeni tibwererenso kuzithunzi zazifupi zachitsulo. Kusiyana kwawo kwachiwiri ndikuti samaphatikizapo kukwera ataima, koma pamsana kapena kugwada. Izi ndizo, maphunziro a miyendo monga chithandizo chachikulu chazimitsidwa, chomwe, m'malo mwake, chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri kwa wophunzira wamng'ono pa phiri la ayezi la Russia.
Kawirikawiri, tinganene kuti mbali zonse zazikulu zomwe zimasiyanitsa Russia ice slide zatsekedwa pazithunzi zatsopano zachitsulo. Palidi psychology yosiyana pano.
Pazithunzi zatsopano, zimaganiziridwa kuti madigiri a galimoto yaulere ali ndi malire, kudziletsa, mlingo wa zochita za munthu, kudzikonda koyera, khalidwe la phazi kukhudzana ndi nthaka zilibe kanthu.
Pa slide za ayezi aku Russia, chidwi cha liwiro ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka mlengalenga, kufunika koyesa momwe thupi limakhalira, kudalirika kwa kukhudzana kwa miyendo ndi nthaka kumaganiziridwa, ndipo mwayi wokwanira umaperekedwa pakuyanjana. m'kati mwa skiing.
Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti sewero kuthekera kwa zithunzi ayezi osati limafanana ndi chikhalidwe Russian maganizo mmwamba, komanso chimatsimikizira mapangidwe ake mwa thupi-maganizo zinachitikira anapezedwa ndi skiing. Sizodabwitsa kuti mapiri oundana adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri patchuthi chachisanu cha kalendala komanso zosangalatsa zachikhalidwe.
Kutsetsereka kwa ayezi kumaphatikizapo kalembedwe ka Russia ka ubale wa munthu ndi malo ndi liwiro. Imatsegula mtundu waku Russia wolumikizana ndi anthu ena. Limafotokoza mokwanira lingaliro la umodzi wophiphiritsira wa munthu ndi dziko lapansi.
Tinganene kuti maonekedwe a madzi osefukira (ie, yokumba analenga) ayezi mapiri mu moyo chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe zotsatira za moyo wauzimu ndi maganizo ndi kumvetsa malo mbadwa ndi fuko. Chifukwa chake, kusefukira kuchokera paphiri loundana kunali ndi tanthauzo lozama komanso losiyanasiyana m'chikhalidwe cha anthu. Phirili linali lopatulika «malo a mphamvu» - ngati "mchombo wa dziko lapansi." Atakweramo, anthu adalowa mumatsenga amatsenga ndi dziko lapansi, kusinthanitsa mphamvu, kudzazidwa ndi mphamvu za dziko lapansi ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo amachitira umboni ku dziko laumunthu kuchedwa kwawo ndi kuthekera kwawo kuchita ntchito za moyo.
M'malingaliro a anthu amakono, slide ya ayezi yataya tanthauzo lake lamatsenga, koma imakhalabe yofunika, malo amphamvu kwa ana. Ndikokopa chifukwa chakuti amalola mwana kukhutiritsa chocholoŵana chachikulu cha zofunika zofunika za umunthu wake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phiri la ayezi limakhala limodzi mwa malo ofunikira a chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, kumene mwanayo amakumana ndi zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala Russian.
Malingana ngati makolo amalumikizana ndi thupi ndi moyo wawo, kukumbukira zomwe adakumana nazo paubwana wawo, malinga ngati pali kugwirizana ndi dziko lawo, malinga ngati pali kumverera kwamkati kwa kusavomerezeka kwa ana awo osadziwa zomwe skiing kwenikweni ayezi phiri ndi, akuluakulu Russia adzamanga zithunzi ayezi kwa ana awo.