Pa tsamba la Reuters, ndapeza nkhani yosangalatsa yokhudza momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya pamlingo wa anthu onse ingasinthire moyo Padziko Lapansi pazaka makumi angapo.
Malinga ndi asayansi, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama m'zakudya za anthu komanso kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba pofika chaka cha 2050 kungathandize kupewa kufa kwa mamiliyoni angapo pachaka, kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya womwe umayambitsa kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, ndikupulumutsa mabiliyoni ambiri. ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala ndikuwongolera zovuta zachilengedwe ndi nyengo.
Kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa m'bukuli Zokambirana za National Academy of Sciences ku United States of America, kwa nthawi yoyamba adawunika momwe kusintha kwapadziko lonse ku zakudya zochokera ku zomera kungakhale ndi thanzi laumunthu ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Monga adanenera Marko Springmann, wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufuku wochokera ku University of Oxford's Future of Food Programme (Pulogalamu ya Oxford Martin pa Tsogolo la Chakudya), zakudya zosagwirizana ndi zakudya zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha thanzi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chakudya chathu chimatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Ofufuza ku yunivesite ya Oxford adawonetsa momwe thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe limathandizira pofika zaka zapakati zinayi mtundu wa zakudya.
Chochitika choyamba ndi choyambira, kutengera zomwe bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation (UN FAO) linaneneratu, momwe dongosolo lazakudya silidzasintha.
Chachiwiri ndi nkhani yozikidwa pa mfundo zapadziko lonse za zakudya zathanzi (zopangidwa, makamaka ndi WHO), kutanthauza kuti anthu amadya zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira kuti asunge kulemera kwawo koyenera, ndikuchepetsa kudya shuga ndi nyama.
Chochitika chachitatu ndi chamasamba ndipo chachinayi ndi cha vegan, ndipo amatanthauzanso kudya bwino kwama calorie.
Zotsatira zaumoyo, zachilengedwe ndi zachuma
Zakudya zapadziko lonse mogwirizana ndi mfundo za zakudya zopatsa thanzi zingathandize kuti anthu okwana 5,1 miliyoni azifa pachaka pofika chaka cha 2050, ndipo kudya zakudya zopanda thanzi kungapewere kufa kwa anthu 8,1 miliyoni! (Ndipo ndimakhulupirira izi: sizodabwitsa kuti zakudya zazaka XNUMX padziko lonse lapansi zimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba).
Pankhani ya kusintha kwa nyengo, ndondomeko yazakudya yapadziko lonse ingathandize kuchepetsa mpweya wochokera ku ulimi ndi kudya ndi 29%; Zakudya zamasamba zimatha kuwadula ndi 63%, ndipo zakudya zamasamba zimatha kuwadula ndi 70%.
Kusintha kwazakudya kungapulumutse ndalama zokwana $ 700-1000 biliyoni pachaka pazaumoyo ndi olumala, pomwe phindu lazachuma pakuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ukhoza kukhala $ 570 biliyoni, kafukufukuyu adati. Phindu lazachuma la kutukuka kwaumoyo wa anthu litha kukhala lofanana kapena kupitilira kuwonongeka komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.
"Mtengo wa zopindulazi umapereka mlandu wamphamvu wowonjezera ndalama za boma ndi zapadera za mapulogalamu olimbikitsa zakudya zathanzi komanso zokhazikika," anatero Springmann.
Kusiyana kwa madera
Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zonse zomwe zimasungidwa kuchokera ku kusintha kwa zakudya zidzachokera ku mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri m'mayiko otukuka chifukwa cha kudya nyama komanso kunenepa kwambiri.
Asayansi apenda kusiyana kwa zigawo zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pofufuza njira zoyenera kwambiri zopangira ndi kudya zakudya. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama yofiira kudzakhudza kwambiri mayiko otukuka akumadzulo, East Asia ndi Latin America, pamene kuwonjezeka kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kudzakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa imfa ku South Asia ndi sub-Saharan Africa.
Inde, musamaganize kuti kusintha kumeneku kungakhale kophweka. Kuti musinthe ku zakudya zofananira ndi zochitika zachiwiri, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kudya masamba ndi 25% komanso zipatso mupadziko lonse lapansi ndikuchepetsa kudya nyama yofiira ndi 56% (mwa njira, werengani za Zifukwa 6 zodyera nyama yaying'ono momwe ndingathere). Nthawi zambiri, anthu ayenera kudya 15% zopatsa mphamvu zochepa.
“Sitikuyembekezera kuti aliyense azidya zakudya zopatsa thanzi,” akuvomereza motero Springmann. "Koma zotsatira za dongosolo lazakudya pakusintha kwanyengo zidzakhala zovuta kuthana nazo ndipo zingafune zambiri kuposa kusintha kwaukadaulo. Kusamukira ku zakudya zathanzi komanso zokhazikika kungakhale sitepe lalikulu panjira yoyenera. ”