Kuwunika kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe Boma lakhazikitsa pofuna kuthana ndi mliri wa Covid-19. Ndi mayeso a PCR pafupifupi 1,3 miliyoni omwe amachitidwa sabata iliyonse ku France, kuwunika kwamtunduwu ndi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mdziko muno. Kodi mayesowa amachitidwa bwanji? Kodi ndi wodalirika? Kodi amasamalidwa? Mayankho onse a mafunso anu okhudza mayeso a PCR.

Mayeso a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe ngati munthu ali ndi kachilomboka panthawi yoyesedwa. Zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira kupezeka kwa kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 (yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Covid-19) m'thupi la munthuyo, ndendende m'mwamba mwake.

Mayesowa amakhala ndi kuyika thonje swab (swab) yosinthika mumphuno iliyonse mpaka ku nasopharynx kwa mphindi zingapo. Njirayi ndi yosasangalatsa koma si yowawa. Chitsanzocho chimawunikidwa mu labotale pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa “polymerase chain reaction” (PCR). Njira imeneyi imatheketsa kuzindikira RNA ya kachilomboka, jini yake, yomwe m’njira ina imaizindikiritsa. Malinga ndi French National Authority for Health (HAS), nthawi yabwino yodziwira SARS-CoV-2 RNA ndi masiku 1 mpaka 7 chiyambireni zizindikiro. Nthawiyi isanachitike kapena itatha, kuyesa kwa PCR sikungakhalenso koyenera.

Kupezeka kwa zotsatira

Zotsatira zake zimapezeka mkati mwa maola 36 atatoledwa. Koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akufuna kuyesedwa panthawiyi, nthawiyi ikhoza kukhala yayitali, makamaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu.

Poyembekezera zotsatira za kuyezetsa, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala kunyumba ndipo ayenera kulemekeza kwambiri zolepheretsa.

Mayeso a PCR amachitidwa m'malo owonera. Mndandanda wamalo omwe adakhazikitsidwa ku France yonse ukupezeka patsamba la sante.fr kapena patsamba la Regional Health Agency (ARS). Patsamba la sante.fr, ogwiritsa ntchito atha kupeza zolumikizana nazo pazachitsanzo chilichonse, zambiri zamadongosolo, mipata ya anthu otsogola, nthawi yodikirira, ndi zina zambiri.

Njira yowonera Covid-19

Pomwe njira yowunikira Covid-19 yakulirakulira kuyambira pomwe adatulutsidwa koyamba (Meyi 11, 2020), aliyense akhoza kuyesedwa lero. Ndizothekadi kuyesedwa ndi kapena popanda chilolezo chachipatala kuyambira July 25. Koma, poyang'anizana ndi chipwirikiti cha ma laboratories ofufuza zachipatala omwe amachititsa kuti nthawi yomaliza ikhale yokonzekera ndi zotsatira zake, boma lasankha kuyesa. zofunika kwa anthu ena:

• omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za matendawa;
• milandu yolumikizana;
• amene ali ndi mankhwala;
• unamwino kapena antchito ofanana.

Patsamba lake, boma likuwonetsa kuti "kwa omvera awa, malo oyeserera odzipereka akhazikitsidwa m'ma laboratories".

Kuyeza kwa PCR kopanda zizindikiro za Covid-19

Kuyesedwa kwabwino kumatanthauza kuti munthuyo ndi wonyamula kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2. Popeza zizindikiro kapena ngati zizindikiro sizili zazikulu, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala yekhayekha mpaka kuchira, mwachitsanzo, masiku osachepera 7 pambuyo powonekera kwa zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda ndi masiku awiri pambuyo pa kutha kwa matendawa. malungo. Zili kwa dokotala kuti afotokoze mapeto a kudzipatula. Kuphatikiza apo, masks opangira opaleshoni amaperekedwa kwa wodwala, pamlingo wa masks 2 patsiku kwa nthawi yodzipatula komanso kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito kudzaperekedwa ngati kuli kofunikira kuphimba nthawi yodzipatula.

Kuyeza kwa PCR kokhala ndi zizindikiro za Covid-19

Kwa anthu omwe adayezetsa (omwe zizindikiro zawo sizili zowopsa) komanso omwe amagawana chipinda chawo, khitchini kapena zimbudzi ndi anthu ena, adotolo atha kunena kuti apite kuchipatala chapadera panthawi yodzipatula kuti asawayipitse.

Pomaliza, pakachitika mayeso abwino mwa munthu yemwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu, makamaka kuvutika kupuma, munthu uyu amagonekedwa m'chipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Pakachitika mayeso olakwika a PCR, njirayo imakhala yosiyana malinga ndi momwe zilili.

Ngati munthuyo adayezetsa chifukwa adawonetsa zizindikiro za Covid-19, akuyenera kupitiliza kutsata njira zotchingira, makamaka ngati ali m'gulu la omwe akuwoneka kuti ali pachiwopsezo cha kachilomboka (okalamba, anthu omwe akudwala matenda osachiritsika). matenda…). Zotsatira zoyipa zikutanthauza kuti sanali wonyamula kachilomboka panthawi yoyesedwa koma osati kuti watetezedwa ku matendawa (amathabe kutenga kachilomboka).

Monga gawo la "contact case"

Ngati munthuyo ayesedwa chifukwa adadziwika kuti ndi "mlandu wolumikizana naye", ayenera kukhala payekha mpaka wodwalayo atachiritsidwa ngati akukhala nawo ndipo onse awiri ayenera kubwereza mayeserowo masiku 7 atachira. Pakachitika chiyeso chachiwiri choyipa, kudzipatula kumatha kuchotsedwa. Ngati munthu amene adayezetsa sakukhala ndi wodwala (odwala) yemwe adakumana naye, kudzipatula kumatha pamene zotsatira za mayeso olakwika zalandiridwa. Mawonekedwe olepheretsa komanso kuvala chigoba kuyenera kuwonedwabe mosamalitsa.

Mayeso a PCR amphuno ndiwo odalirika kwambiri mpaka pano, omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chodalirika choposa 80%. Komabe, pangakhale zolakwika zabodza ngati chitsanzocho sichinatengedwe bwino:

• chinsalucho sichinakankhidwe patali mokwanira m’mphuno;
• kuwunika sikunachitike pa nthawi yoyenera (pakati pa 1st ndi 7th tsiku pambuyo pa chiyambi cha zizindikiro zoyamba).

Nkhani zabodza

Pakhoza kukhalanso zizindikiro zabodza (munthuyo amapezeka kuti ali ndi kachilomboka ngakhale sali wonyamula kachilomboka). Koma ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi vuto ndi reagent yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa chitsanzo.

Mayeso a PCR amawononga € 54. Ndi 100% yoperekedwa ndi Inshuwaransi ya Zaumoyo, kaya mukuchita ndi mankhwala kapena popanda mankhwala. Ambiri mwa ma laboratories omwe amachita izi salipira chindapusa, kotero odwala sayenera kulipira kalikonse. Komabe, malo ena oyesera atha kufunsa kuti apititse patsogolo ndalamazo. Izi zimabwezeredwa pa pepala la chisamaliro (kuti zitumizidwe ku thumba lanu la inshuwaransi yazaumoyo).

Mayeso a PCR ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano chifukwa ndi odalirika kwambiri. Koma pali mayeso ena kuti azindikire kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2:

Mayeso a serological:

Amapanga zotheka kudziwa kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies m'magazi omwe thupi likadatulutsa potengera kachilomboka. Ngati mayeso a serological apeza ma antibodies mwa munthu yemwe adayesedwa, izi zikutanthauza kuti anali chonyamulira cha kachilomboka, koma zotsatira zake sizimatilola kudziwa nthawi yomwe kuipitsidwako kumayambira.

Mayeso a Antigenic:

Mofanana ndi kuyesa kwa PCR, kuyesa kwa antigen kumakhala ndi swab ya nasopharyngeal. Koma mosiyana ndi kuyesa kwa PCR, sikuzindikira kachilombo ka RNA koma mapuloteni enieni a virus omwe amatchedwanso ma antigen. Zotsatira zake zimapezedwa mwachangu kuposa kuyesa kwa PCR chifukwa zitsanzo siziyenera kutumizidwa ku labotale.

Zimayikidwa pamzere wokhala ndi ma antibodies omwe amamangiriza ku ma antigen omwe akufunidwa kenako zotsatira zake zimawonekera mkati mwa mphindi 15 mpaka 30. Malingana ndi HAS, mayeserowa akulimbikitsidwa pamene mayesero a PCR sakupezeka, pamene kuchedwa kupeza zotsatira za mayeso a PCR kumakhala kotalika kwambiri, ndipo makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro kapena milandu yokhudzana ndi mlandu wotsimikiziridwa. (zizindikiro kapena ayi).