Kodi prism ndi chiyani: tanthauzo, zinthu, mitundu, zosankha zagawo

M'bukuli, tiwona tanthauzo, zinthu zazikulu, mitundu ndi zosankha zomwe zingatheke pagawo la prism. Zomwe zaperekedwa zimatsagana ndi zojambula zowoneka bwino kuti mumvetsetse bwino.

Tanthauzo la prism

Prism ndi chithunzi cha geometric mumlengalenga; polyhedron yokhala ndi nkhope ziwiri zofananira ndi zofanana (ma polygon), pomwe nkhope zina ndi ma paralelogalamu.

Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya prism - mzere wa quadrangular (kapena parallelepiped). Mitundu ina yachiwerengero yafotokozedwa m'gawo lomaliza la bukuli.

Zinthu za prism

Pa chithunzi pamwambapa:

• Zingwe ndi ma polygon ofanana. Awa akhoza kukhala makona atatu, anayi-, asanu-, ma hexagon, ndi zina zotero. Kwa ife, awa ndi ma paralelogalamu (kapena makokonati) ABCD и A₁B₁C₁D₁.
• Nkhope zam'mbali ndi paralelograms: AA₁B₁B, BB₁C₁C, CC₁D₁D и AA₁D₁D.
• Nthiti yam'mbali ndi gawo lolumikiza ma vertices a maziko osiyanasiyana omwe amagwirizana wina ndi mnzake (AA₁, BB₁, CC₁ и DD₁). Ndilo mbali yofanana ya nkhope ziwiri.
• Kutalika (h) - ichi ndi perpendicular kukokedwa kuchokera m'munsi ndi mzake, mwachitsanzo mtunda pakati pawo. Ngati m'mphepete mwake muli ngodya zolondola ku maziko a chithunzicho, ndiye kuti alinso kutalika kwa prism.
• Base diagonal - gawo lomwe limagwirizanitsa ma vertices awiri osiyana a maziko omwewo (AC, BD, A₁C₁ и B₁D₁). Prism ya katatu ilibe chinthu ichi.
• Mbali Diagonal Chigawo cha mzere chomwe chimalumikiza ma vertice awiri otsutsana a nkhope yomweyo. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa ma diagonal a nkhope imodzi yokha. (CD₁ и C₁D)kuti musazichulukitse.
• Prism Diagonal - gawo lolumikiza ma vertices awiri a maziko osiyanasiyana omwe sali a mbali imodzi. Tawonetsa ziwiri zokha mwa zinayi: AC₁ и B₁D.
• Prism pamwamba ndiye maziko ake onse awiri ndi nkhope zake zam'mbali. Njira zowerengera (zachiwerengero cholondola) ndi ma prisms amaperekedwa m'mabuku osiyanasiyana.

Kusesa kwa prism - kukula kwa nkhope zonse za chithunzi mu ndege imodzi (nthawi zambiri, imodzi mwa maziko). Mwachitsanzo, pa prism yowongoka yamakona anayi:

Zindikirani: katundu wa prism amawonetsedwa mu .

Zosankha za gawo la Prism

1. Gawo la diagonal - ndege yodula imadutsa mu diagonal ya maziko a prism ndi mbali ziwiri zofanana.Zindikirani: Prism ya triangular ilibe gawo la diagonal, chifukwa Pansi pa chithunzicho ndi makona atatu omwe alibe ma diagonal.
2. Gawo la Perpendicular - ndege yodula imadutsa m'mphepete mwa mbali zonse pamtunda woyenera.

Zindikirani: zosankha zina za gawoli sizofala kwambiri, kotero sitikhala pa iwo padera.

Mitundu ya prism

Ganizirani zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi maziko a katatu.

1. Prism yowongoka - nkhope zam'mbali zili pamakona abwino kumunsi (ie perpendicular to them). Kutalika kwa chithunzi choterocho ndi kofanana ndi m'mphepete mwake.
2. Oblique prism - nkhope zam'mbali za chiwerengerocho sizimayenderana ndi maziko ake.
3. Prism yolondola Maziko ake ndi ma polygon okhazikika. Zitha kukhala zowongoka kapena oblique.
4. prism wodulidwa - gawo la chiwerengero chotsalira pambuyo powoloka ndi ndege yomwe siili yofanana ndi maziko. Zitha kukhalanso zowongoka komanso zopendekera.