Pulmonary atelectasis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka kapena kukanikiza kwakunja kwa bronchi, komwe kumapangitsa gawo kapena mapapo onse kukhala opanda mpweya. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amatha kupuma movutikira kapena kulephera kupuma ngati atelectasis ndi yayikulu. Angathenso kudwala chibayo. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri asymptomatic, atelectasis nthawi zina angayambitse hypoxemia, ndiko kuti, kuchepa kwa mpweya wotengedwa m'magazi ndi kupweteka pachifuwa. Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa chotchinga cha mpweya ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wozama umatengedwa.

Pulmonary atelectasis imafanana ndi kugwa kosinthika kwa pulmonary alveoli, ndi kutayika kwa voliyumu, kusakhalapo kwa mpweya wabwino, pomwe kufalikira kwa magazi kuli koyenera pamenepo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwathunthu kwa bronchus kapena ma bronchioles akutulutsa mpweya wokhudzidwa. Atelectasis imatha kukhala ndi mapapo onse, lobe kapena magawo.

Pulmonary atelectasis nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwamkati kwa bronchi yayikulu yomwe imachokera ku trachea ndikupita ku minyewa yam'mapapo.

• thupi lachilendo lokokedwa, monga piritsi, chakudya kapena chidole;
• chotupa;
• matope a ntchofu.

Atelectasis imathanso chifukwa cha bronchus yopanikizidwa kuchokera kunja ndi:

• chotupa choopsa kapena chosaopsa;
• lymphadenopathy (ma lymph node omwe amakula kukula);
• pleural effusion (kuchulukana kwamadzimadzi m'mphuno ya pleural, yomwe ili pakati pa mapapo ndi chifuwa);
• pneumothorax (kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu pleural cavity).

Atelectasis ingakhalenso yachiwiri kwa opaleshoni yomwe imafuna kulowetsedwa, kapena malo ogona, makamaka mwa odwala onenepa kwambiri komanso odwala matenda a mtima (kukulitsa mtima kwachilendo).

Pomaliza, zinthu zilizonse kapena njira zomwe zimachepetsa kupuma kwambiri kapena kupondereza kutsokomola kwa munthu zimatha kulimbikitsa pulmonary atelectasis:

• mphumu;
• kutupa;
• matenda a bronchial khoma;
• cystic fibrosis;
• vuto panthawi ya anesthesia wamba (makamaka maopaleshoni a thoracic ndi m'mimba);
• Mlingo wambiri wa opioid kapena sedative;
• kupweteka pachifuwa kapena m'mimba.

Anthu omwe ali onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi atelectasis.

Kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe a dyspnea, mwachitsanzo, kupuma movutikira, ndi hypoxemia, mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa mpweya m'mitsempha ya magazi , pulmonary atelectasis imakhalabe makamaka asymptomatic. Kukhalapo ndi kuopsa kwa dyspnea ndi hypoxemia kumadalira momwe atelectasis imayambira komanso kukula kwa mapapo omwe akhudzidwa:

• ngati atelectasis imakhudza gawo lochepa la mapapo kapena imayamba pang'onopang'ono: zizindikiro zimakhala zochepa kapena palibe;
• ngati chiwerengero chachikulu cha alveoli chikukhudzidwa ndipo atelectasis imapezeka mofulumira, dyspnea ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo kulephera kupuma kumatha.

Kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma kungathenso kuwonjezeka, ndipo nthawi zina khungu likhoza kusanduka bluish chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi. Izi zimatchedwa cyanosis. Zizindikiro zimatha kuwonetsanso matenda omwe adayambitsa atelectasis (mwachitsanzo, kupweteka pachifuwa chifukwa chovulala) kapena vuto lomwe limayambitsa (mwachitsanzo, kupweteka pachifuwa pakupuma kwambiri, chifukwa cha chibayo).

Chibayo chimayamba chifukwa cha pulmonary atelectasis, zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa, dyspnea, ndi ululu wa pleural.

Ngakhale kuti milandu imakhala yosowa, pulmonary atelectasis imatha kupha makanda ndi ana aang'ono.

Gawo loyamba la chithandizo cha atelectasis ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa kutsekeka kwa mpweya ndi:

• chifuwa ;
• kupuma thirakiti;
• kuchotsedwa kwa bronchoscopic;
• opaleshoni m'zigawo, radiotherapy, chemotherapy kapena laser chithandizo pakachitika chotupa;
• mankhwala ndi cholinga kupatulira ntchofu kapena kutsegula kupuma thirakiti (nebulization wa alphadornase, bronchodilators), ngati kulimbikira mucous pulagi.

Gawo loyambali litha kutsagana:

• mankhwala okosijeni;
• thoracic physiotherapy kuthandiza kusunga mpweya wabwino ndi kuchotsedwa kwa secretions;
• njira zowonjezera mapapu monga chifuwa cholunjika;
• zolimbitsa kupuma kwambiri;
• kugwiritsa ntchito spirometer yolimbikitsa;
• chithandizo ndi maantibayotiki ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi matenda a bakiteriya;
• nthawi zambiri, kuyika chubu cha intubation (endotracheal intubation) ndi mpweya wabwino wamakina.

Atelectasis ikathandizidwa, alveoli ndi gawo lomwe lagwa la mapapu limabwereranso ku mawonekedwe awo oyambirira. Mankhwalawa akachedwa kapena kutsekeka kumasiya zipsera, zimachitika kuti madera ena amawonongeka mosasinthika.