N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kukhala m’nyumba zamatabwa

Chifukwa chake, akatswiri ena omangamanga, monga kampani yomanga Waugh Thistleton, akukakamira kuti abwerere kumitengo ngati chinthu chachikulu chomangira. Mitengo yochokera kunkhalango imatenga carbon, osati kuitulutsa: mitengo ikakula, imatenga CO2 kuchokera mumlengalenga. Monga lamulo, mtengo wa mita kiyubiki uli ndi pafupifupi tani ya CO2 (malingana ndi mtundu wa nkhuni), womwe ndi wofanana ndi 350 malita a mafuta. Sikuti nkhuni zimangochotsa CO2 yambiri m'mlengalenga kusiyana ndi momwe zimapangidwira panthawi yopangira, zimalowanso m'malo mwa zinthu zopangira mpweya wa carbon monga konkire kapena zitsulo, kuwirikiza kawiri zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa CO2. 

"Chifukwa chakuti nyumba yamatabwa imalemera pafupifupi 20% ya nyumba ya konkire, mphamvu yokoka imachepetsedwa kwambiri," akutero katswiri wa zomangamanga Andrew Waugh. “Izi zikutanthauza kuti timafunikira maziko ochepa, sitifunika konkire yochuluka pansi. Tili ndi phata la matabwa, makoma a matabwa ndi matabwa pansi, choncho timachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zitsulo.” Chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupanga zothandizira mkati ndikulimbitsa konkriti m'nyumba zazikulu zamakono. Komabe, pali mbiri zochepa zachitsulo mnyumba yamatabwa iyi, "akutero Waugh.

Pakati pa 15% ndi 28% ya nyumba zatsopano zomangidwa ku UK zimagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zamatabwa chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimatenga matani opitilira miliyoni miliyoni a CO2 pachaka. Lipotilo linanena kuti kuwonjezeka kwa nkhuni pomanga kukhoza kuwirikiza katatu chiwerengerocho. "Kusunga ndalama zofanana ndizotheka m'magulu azamalonda ndi mafakitale pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zopangira matabwa monga matabwa opangidwa ndi matabwa."

Mitengo yokhala ndi laminated, kapena CLT, ndi malo omanga omwe Andrew Waugh akuwonetsa ku East London. Chifukwa chakuti amatchedwa "matabwa opangidwa ndi injini," timayembekezera kuona chinachake chofanana ndi chipboard kapena plywood. Koma CLT imawoneka ngati matabwa wamba 3 m kutalika ndi 2,5 cm wandiweyani. Mfundo ndi yakuti matabwa amakhala amphamvu pomamatira pamodzi atatu mu zigawo perpendicular. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matabwa a CLT "osapindika ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zonse ziwiri."  

Mitengo ina yaukadaulo monga plywood ndi MDF imakhala ndi zomatira pafupifupi 10%, nthawi zambiri urea formaldehyde, yomwe imatha kutulutsa mankhwala owopsa pakuwotcha kapena kuwotcha. CLT, komabe, ili ndi zomatira zosakwana 1%. Mapulaniwo amamangiriridwa pamodzi chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kupanikizika, kotero kuti guluu pang'ono ndilokwanira gluing pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi cha nkhuni. 

Ngakhale kuti CLT inapangidwa ku Austria, kampani yomangamanga ku London ya Waugh Thistleton inali yoyamba kumanga nyumba ya nsanjika zambiri yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Waugh Thistleton. Murray Grove, nyumba wamba yokhala ndi nsanjika zisanu ndi zinayi, "yodabwitsa komanso yochititsa mantha ku Austria" itamalizidwa mu 2009, akutero Wu. CLT idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pa "nyumba zokongola komanso zosavuta zansanjika ziwiri", pomwe konkriti ndi zitsulo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito panyumba zazitali. Koma kwa Murray Grove, mawonekedwe onse ndi CLT, okhala ndi makoma onse, ma slabs pansi ndi ma elevator shafts.

Ntchitoyi yalimbikitsa amisiri mazana ambiri kuti amange nyumba zazitali ndi CLT, kuchokera ku Brock Commons wa 55-mita ku Vancouver, Canada mpaka 24-story 84-mita HoHo Tower yomwe ikumangidwa ku Vienna.

Posachedwapa, pakhala kuyitanidwa kubzala mitengo pamlingo waukulu kuti muchepetse CO2 ndikuletsa kusintha kwanyengo. Zimatenga pafupifupi zaka 80 kuti mitengo ya paini yomwe ili m'nkhalango, monga spruce yaku Europe, ikule. Mitengo imakhala ikumira m'kati mwa zaka zomwe ikukula, koma ikafika msinkhu imatulutsa mpweya wochuluka monga momwe imayambira. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 2001, nkhalango za ku Canada zakhala zimatulutsa mpweya wochuluka kuposa momwe zimayamwa, chifukwa mitengo yokhwima yasiya kudulidwa mwachangu.

Njira yotulukira ndiyo kugwetsa mitengo m’nkhalango ndi kuikonzanso. Nthawi zambiri nkhalango zimabzala mitengo iwiri kapena itatu pamtengo uliwonse wodulidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti matabwa akachuluka, m'pamenenso mitengo yaing'ono imawonekera.

Nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopangidwa ndi matabwa zimakhalanso zofulumira komanso zosavuta kumanga, kuchepetsa ntchito, mafuta oyendetsa galimoto komanso ndalama zopangira magetsi. Alison Uring, mkulu wa kampani ya zomangamanga ya Aecom, akupereka chitsanzo cha nyumba yokhalamo ya CLT ya 200 yomwe inangotenga milungu 16 yokha kuti imange, yomwe ikanatenga osachepera masabata a 26 ngati idamangidwa mwachikhalidwe ndi chimango cha konkire. Momwemonso, Wu akuti nyumba yomangidwa kumene ya 16-square-metres CLT yomwe adagwirapo "ikanafuna magalimoto okwana 000 a simenti kuti apange maziko." Zinangowatengera kutumiza kwa 1 kuti apereke zida zonse za CLT.

Siyani Mumakonda