Yisiti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zakale kwambiri "zoweta". Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale atsimikiza kuti pafupifupi 6000 BC. Aigupto ankamwa mowa ndi chisangalalo. Ndipo adaphunzira kuphika mkate wa yisiti cha m'ma 1200 BC.
Masiku ano, pali mitundu pafupifupi 1500 ya yisiti m'chilengedwe. Amapezeka m'masamba, m'nthaka, pa zipatso za zomera zosiyanasiyana, timadzi tokoma, mu zipatso, timere ta tirigu, chimera, kefir. Ascomycetes ndi basidomycetes ndi magulu akulu amtundu wa yisiti omwe alipo masiku ano.
Yisiti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zophika ndi zakumwa. Miyala yamiyala ndi malo ophika buledi, zithunzi za omwetsa moŵa m'makoma a mizinda yakale zimatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo timeneti ndi kwakale kwambiri m'miyoyo ya anthu.
Zakudya zolemera yisiti:
Makhalidwe ambiri a yisiti
Yisiti ndi gulu la bowa wokhala ndi ma cell omwe amakhala mumayendedwe amadzimadzi komanso amadzimadzi. Chosiyanitsa chachikulu cha yisiti ndi nayonso mphamvu. Bowa wa microscopic amachita bwino kutentha. Kutentha kozungulira kukafika madigiri 60, yisiti imamwalira.
Yisiti imaphunziridwa ndi sayansi yapadera ya zymology. Mwalamulo, bowa wa yisiti "adapezedwa" ndi Pasteur mu 1857. Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya yisiti yomwe ilipo m'chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito 4 mwa zakudya zathu. Izi ndi yisiti ya mowa, mkaka, vinyo ndi yisiti yophika buledi. Mkate wobiriwira ndi makeke, kefir, mowa, mphesa - mankhwalawa ndi atsogoleri enieni muzinthu za yisiti yamtunduwu.
Thupi la munthu wathanzi lilinso ndi mitundu ina ya bowa. Amakhala pakhungu, m'matumbo, komanso m'mimba mwa ziwalo zamkati. Mafangasi amtundu wa Candida ndiofunikira kwambiri m'thupi. Ngakhale zili zochuluka kwambiri, zimayambitsa chisokonezo pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi ndipo zimayambitsanso matenda ena (candidiasis).
Chotchuka kwambiri masiku ano ndi yisiti wamadzi ophika. Komanso yisiti ya brewer, yomwe monga zowonjezera zakudya, ingagulidwe ku pharmacy. Koma yisiti yopindulitsa komanso yachilengedwe kwambiri imapezeka mwachilengedwe mu chakudya.
Kufunika kwa yisiti tsiku ndi tsiku
Amadziwika kuti pakugwira bwino matumbo, kupezeka kwa bowa ngati yisiti ndichofunikira. M'maphunziro a labotale, madokotala amatcha mulingo woyenera kwambiri wakupezeka kwa tizilomboto m'matumbo - 10 mpaka mphamvu yachinayi yazidutswa pa gawo limodzi loyesedwa (4 gramu wam'mimba).
Madokotala amakhulupirira kuti magalamu 5-7 a yisiti patsiku amapereka zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku zamavitamini B ndipo ndizofunika kwambiri.
Kufunika kwa yisiti kumawonjezeka:
- tikamagwira ntchito yolemetsa yakuthupi ndi yamaganizidwe;
- m'malo opanikizika;
- kuchepa magazi;
- kuphwanya chakudya ndi mavitamini-mchere, mapuloteni a metabolism m'thupi;
- zakudya zochepa;
- ndi dermatitis, furunculosis, ziphuphu;
- ndi zopsa ndi mabala;
- beriberi;
- chitetezo chofooka;
- matenda am'mimba (zilonda zam'mimba, colitis, gastritis);
- pa neuralgias;
- matenda otopa (CFS);
- m'dera lokhala ndi ma radioactive kapena zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala ena.
Kufunika kwa yisiti kumachepa:
- ndi chizolowezi cha ziwengo ku zakudya zopangidwa ndi yisiti;
- matenda a impso;
- matenda a endocrine;
- ndi dysbiosis ndi gout;
- zomwe zingayambitse thupi kupweteketsa ndi matenda ena a mafangasi.
Kusakaniza kwa yisiti
Yisiti ndi 66% protein. Potengera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe ali nawo, yisiti siyotsika kuposa nsomba, nyama, mkaka. Amagwiritsidwa bwino ndi thupi, pokhapokha ngati sipangakhale kusalolera kunjenjemera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Zothandiza zimatha yisiti, zimakhudza thupi
Potaziyamu, calcium, iron, magnesium, mavitamini a gulu B, H ndi P, folic acid, mapuloteni ndi amino acid, lecithin, methionine - uwu si mndandanda wathunthu wazakudya zomwe zili ndi yisiti.
Yisiti imayendetsa chakudya, imakulitsa njala, imathandizira kagayidwe kake. Iwo ali ndi mphamvu pa mayamwidwe mphamvu ya matumbo.
Tikumbukenso kuti yisiti zili mu yisiti mtanda ndi pastry amafa chifukwa cha kutentha processing. Chifukwa chake, mkate ndi zinthu zowotcha sizinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi yisiti yamoyo.
Kuyanjana ndi zinthu zofunika
Zinthu zopindulitsa za yisiti zimagwira ntchito kwambiri ngati pali shuga ndi madzi. Yisiti imathandizira kuyamwa kwa thupi kwa michere yambiri. Komabe, kudya kwambiri zakudya zomwe zili ndi yisiti kumatha kuyambitsa kuchepa kwa calcium ndi mavitamini ena.
Zizindikiro zakusowa yisiti mthupi
- mavuto ndi chimbudzi;
- kufooka;
- kusowa magazi;
- mavuto ndi khungu ndi tsitsi, misomali.
Zizindikiro za yisiti wambiri mthupi:
- thupi lawo siligwirizana chifukwa cha tsankho;
- thrush ndi matenda ena a fungal;
- kuphulika.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza yisiti mthupi
Njira yayikulu yodziwitsa kupezeka kwa yisiti m'thupi ndi chakudya cha anthu. Zakudya zabwino zomwe zili ndi yisiti komanso thanzi labwino mthupi zimakhudza kwambiri yisiti m'thupi.
Yisiti ya kukongola ndi thanzi
Khungu, tsitsi, misomali imakhala yokongola pamaso pathu tikamadya zinthu zomwe zili ndi yisiti yamoyo. Mu mankhwala achikhalidwe, pali njira zambiri zowonjezera maonekedwe ndi kusunga kukongola kwake. Chigoba cha nkhope ya yisiti, chotsutsidwa ndi yisiti ya wophika mkate ndi mkaka, zitsamba kapena madzi, ndi chigoba cha tsitsi la yisiti ndi njira zodziwika komanso zogwira mtima zoteteza kukongola zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale komanso masiku ano.
Chovala chopatsa thanzi cha yisiti chimakonzedwa motere: 20 gm ya yisiti imasakanizidwa ndi supuni 1 ya uchi, kenako supuni imodzi ya tirigu kapena ufa wa rye amawonjezeredwa. Chosakanikacho chimadzichepetsedwa ndi mkaka wofunda wophika (supuni 1-3). Chovalacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumaso koyeretsedwa kale kwa mphindi 4, kenako ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda. Njirayi ndi yoyenera khungu louma komanso labwinobwino.
Chigoba cha yisiti pakhungu lamafuta chimakonzedwa motere: 20 magalamu a yisiti amachepetsedwa mu kefir kuti apeze kusasinthasintha kwa kirimu wowawasa wowawasa. Chigoba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhope, ndipo pakatha mphindi 15 chimatsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Kwa colitis ndi enterocolitis, yisiti yowuma idagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe. Kuti muchite izi, supuni 1 ya yisiti idawonjezeredwa pakapu ya madzi a karoti ndipo patatha mphindi 15-20 osakaniza adamwa.
Kuti mulimbitse tsitsi, ikani theka paketi ya yisiti ndi shuga mumsamba wamadzi. Pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu, onjezerani uchi pang'ono ndi mpiru. Kusakaniza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsi, kukulunga pamutu (kukulunga pulasitiki, kenako thaulo). Sambani chigoba mutatha mphindi 60 - 90.