Kuti muchite bwino m'moyo, muyenera… Kukhala wotchuka? Gwirani ntchito kuti mupeze zambiri? Kulima dimba la ndiwo zamasamba? Ndi chiyani zosankha pamoyo zimene zimatipangitsa kukhala osangalala ? Pulofesa Robert Waldinger wa ku Harvard University (Massachusetts) ali ndi lingaliro lolondola. Kumapeto kwa 2015, adawulula pamsonkhano wa TED womwe udawonedwa ndi mamiliyoni angapo ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti zotsatira za kafukufuku wapadera.

Kwa zaka 75, mibadwo ingapo ya ochita kafukufuku yafufuza moyo wa amuna 724 ku United States. « Phunziro la Harvard pa Kukula Kwa Akuluakulu mwina ndi phunziro lalitali kwambiri la moyo wachikulire ” apita patsogolo Professor Waldinger.

Zonsezi zinayamba mu 1938, pamene magulu aŵiri a achinyamata ndi achichepere ochokera ku Boston anasankhidwa. Chimodzi chimakhala ndiophunzira a yunivesite yotchuka ya Harvard, pamene winayo amachokera kumadera oyandikana nawo osowa kwambiri kuchokera mumzinda. "Achinyamatawa adakula [...] adakhala antchito, maloya, omanga nyumba, madokotala, mmodzi wa iwo Purezidenti wa United States. [John F. Kennedy]. Ena akhala zidakwa. Ena schizophrenics. Ena atero adakwera makwerero a anthu kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, ndipo ena abwera njira ina » akutero wasayansi.

“Kodi ndi maphunziro otani amene atuluka m’masamba zikwi makumi ambiri a chidziŵitso chimene tapeza ponena za miyoyo imeneyi? Chabwino, maphunziro si za chuma, kapena kutchuka, kapena ntchito. " Ayi. Malinga ndi zimene kafukufukuyu anapeza, munthu aliyense angathe kukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa.  

Phunziro 1: Dzizungulirani

Kukhala wokondwa ndipamwamba kuposa zonse mwayi wocheza nawo “Anthu amene ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi mabanja awo, anzawo, madera awo, amakhala osangalala, amakhala athanzi, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wautali kusiyana ndi amene sali ogwirizana kwambiri. ” akufotokoza wofufuzayo. Mu 2008, bungwe la INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) linanenanso kuti moyo wa anthu okwatirana umakhudza kwambiri moyo wawo wonse. 

Mosiyana, kusungulumwa tsiku lililonse zingakhale "Toxic". Anthu odzipatula sakhala osangalala, koma thanzi lawo ndi luntha lawo la kuzindikira zimachepanso mwachangu. Powombetsa mkota “Kusungulumwa kumapha”. Ndipo m'malo mwake, malinga ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo, zomwe zimachitika pakudzipatula kumayambitsa magawo omwewo muubongo ... ululu thupi¹.

Patsani ndipo mudzalandira

Ofufuza asonyeza kuti kutenga a khalidwe linatembenukira kwa ena kumawonjezera ubwino wa ana ndi akuluakulu, mosasamala kanthu za gulu la anthu. Kumbukirani a mphatso zomwe adachita, mwachitsanzo, adapanga ophunzira wosangalala. Iwo anali othekera kuwononga ndalama pa mphatso kachiwiri pambuyo pa chochitika ichi².

Mu kafukufuku wina, ofufuza adasanthula ubongo wa anthu omwe anapereka ndalama ku bungwe chikondi³. Zotsatira: kaya tipereka kapena kulandira ndalama, ndi gawo lomwelo la ubongo chomwe chimayatsa! Kunena zowona, dera lomwe likufunsidwalo lidayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri pomwe ophunzirawo adapereka ndalama kuposa momwe adalandira. Ndi mbali yanji ya ubongo yomwe tikukamba? Kuchokera ku ventral striatum, dera la subcortical lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi mphotho ndi chisangalalo mu zinyama.

Phunziro 2: Khalanibe ndi Ubale Wabwino

Sikokwanira kukhala wozunguliridwa kuti ukhale wosangalala, m’pofunikanso kukhala anthu abwino. “Si kuchuluka kwa anzanu omwe muli nawo, kaya muli pachibwenzi kapena ayi, koma ndi khalidwe la maubwenzi anu apamtima amawerengera ndani" mwachidule Robert Waldinger.

Munkaganiza kuti muli otetezeka ku kusungulumwa ndi anzanu 500 Facebook ? Kafukufuku wa 2013 wa Ethan Kross ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku yunivesite ya Michigan adanena kuti maphunziro ambiri okhudzana ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, momwe iwo analiri zachisoni⁴. Mapeto omwe adapangitsa kuti chimphona cha Palo Alto chifotokozedwe ngati "anti-social" network muma media osiyanasiyana. Tikudziwa kuyambira 2015 kuti zenizeni ndizobisika. Ofufuza omwewo adatsimikiza kuti zinali zopanda pake pa Facebook zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi kukhumudwa. Chifukwa chake palibe chiwopsezo cha kukhumudwa mukamalumikizana ndi anzanu pa intaneti.

zabwino nokha kuposa mu comapny zoipa

Robert Waldinger akugogomezera mbali ina yofunika ya maubwenzi, kusowa kwa mikangano « Maukwati osagwirizana, mwachitsanzo, opanda chikondi chachikulu, ndi oipa kwambiri pa thanzi lathu, mwinanso oipitsitsa kuposa kusudzulana ”. Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wathanzi, zabwino nokha kuposa mu comapny zoipa.

Pofuna kutsimikizira ngati nzeru zodziwika bwino zikunena zoona, gulu lina lofufuza linadalira chimodzi mwa makhalidwe achimwemwe⁵. Tikudziwa kuti anthu osangalala ali ndi luso lochulukirapo kuposa omwe ali ndi nkhawa sungani malingaliro abwino. Chifukwa chake ofufuzawo adayika maelekitirodi pankhope za odzipereka a 116 kuti athe kuyeza kutalika kwa kumwetulira kwawo potsatira zolimbikitsa zabwino. Mwadongosolo, ngati ma elekitirodi akuwulula kumwetulira komwe kumatenga nthawi yayitali, titha kuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikupereka moyo wabwino, komanso mosemphanitsa. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti anthu amakhudzidwa mikangano kawirikawiri mkati mwa awiriwa omwe adapereka mayankho amfupi ku malingaliro abwino. Mlingo wawo waubwino unali, kwenikweni, wotsikirapo.

Phunziro 3: khalani okondwa kukalamba bwino

Pulofesa Waldinger adapeza chachitatu ” phunziro la moyo "Poyang'ana mozama zolemba zachipatala za amuna omwe adachita kafukufukuyu adatsata zaka 75. Ndi gulu lake, adayang'ana zinthu zomwe zingathe kuneneratu ukalamba wosangalala komanso wathanzi. "Sikuti kuchuluka kwawo kwa cholesterol pazaka zimenezo sikunaneneretu momwe adzakalamba" kufotokoza mwachidule wofufuzayo. "Anthu omwe anali okhutira kwambiri muubwenzi wawo ali ndi zaka 50 anali omwe anali ndi thanzi labwino ali ndi zaka 80. "

Sikuti maubwenzi abwino amatipangitsa kukhala osangalala, komanso amakhala ndi a kwenikweni chitetezo zotsatira pa thanzi. Pokulitsa kulolerana kwa ululu Mwachitsanzo “Amuna ndi akazi osangalala kwambiri ananena kuti, pa zaka pafupifupi 80, m’masiku amene ululu wa m’thupi unali waukulu, ankasangalalabe. Koma anthu omwe anali osakondwa mu maubwenzi awo, pamasiku omwe adanena zowawa kwambiri zakuthupi, zidakulitsidwa ndi zowawa zambiri zamaganizo. “

Maubale ophatikizika samateteza matupi athu okha, akuwonjezera akatswiri amisala "Amatetezanso ubongo wathu". Mwa anthu 724 omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu, omwe anali paubwenzi wokwaniritsa anali ndi mémoire "Kuthwa" Kutalika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo “Awo amene anali paubwenzi ndi malingaliro olephera kudalirana anawona kukumbukira kwawo kutha kale. ” 

Tikudziwa kuyambira kale kuti chimwemwe chimagawidwa. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani timavutika kwambili kugwilitsila nchito mfundo imeneyi tsiku ndi tsiku? “Chabwino ndife anthu. Zomwe tikufuna ndi kukonza kosavuta, zomwe titha kupeza zomwe zingapangitse moyo wathu kukhala wokongola. Maubwenzi ndi osokonekera komanso ovuta, ndipo kukakamira kwa abale ndi abwenzi sikukhala kosangalatsa kapena kokongola. “

Potsirizira pake, katswiri wa zamaganizo anasankha kunena mawu a wolemba Mark Twain yemwe ananena m'kalata kwa bwenzi lake, mu 1886. "Tilibe nthawi - moyo ndi waufupi kwambiri - wokangana, kupepesa, chidani ndi kukonza zambiri. Timangokhala ndi nthawi yokonda ndi mphindi chabe, kunena kwake titero, kuti tichite izo. “