A m'bongo ndi misa ya maselo osadziwika zomwe zimachulukitsa mu ubongo mosalamulirika.

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya zotupa zamaubongo kutengera ngati ali ndi khansa kapena ayi:

• The zotupa zabwino (osakhala ndi khansa). Amapanga pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala otalikirana ndi minofu yoyandikira yaubongo. Sizimafalikira kumadera ena aubongo kapena ziwalo zina ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuzichotsa ndi opaleshoni kuposa zotupa zoyipa. Komabe, zotupa zina zabwino sizikhala zosavomerezeka chifukwa chopezeka.
• The zotupa zoyipa (khansa). Sizovuta nthawi zonse kuzisiyanitsa ndi matupi oyandikana nawo. Zotsatira zake, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzichotsa kwathunthu popanda kuwononga minyewa yoyandikira yaubongo.

Mayeso, monga kujambula kwa maginito (MRI), PET scan (positron emission tomoscintigraphy) ndi computed tomography ("CT scan"), amalola chotupacho kuti chikhale ndendende. A biopsy (chitsanzo cha minofu yotupa kuti isanthulidwe) ndikofunikira pakudziwitsa chotupacho (osati khansa) kapena choyipa (khansa).

Zotupa zamaubongo zimasiyanitsidwanso chifukwa cha komwe adachokera komanso komwe amakhala.

Timasiyanitsa:

• The iwe umwalira ubongo zoyambirira, ndi omwe amachokera muubongo. Amatha kukhala ovuta (osakhala ndi khansa) kapena owopsa (khansa). Dzinalo limachokera ku minyewa ya muubongo momwe amakulira.

Zina mwa zotupa zoyipa kwambiri ndi izi:

 - Zotupa zam'mimba, kapena glioms (zotupa zoyipa) zoyimira 50 mpaka 60% ya zotupa zonse zamaubongo. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo am'magazi, maselo omwe amakhala othandizira ma cell amitsempha (neurons).

- The medulloblastoma (zotupa zoyipa), zimayamba kuchokera kumsana wam'mimba. Izi ndi zotupa zofala kwambiri zamaubongo mu ana ndi.

- Pomaliza, pakati pa zotupa zoyambirira, zochepa kuposa zotupa zoyambirira, timapeza hemangioblastomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, osteomas, pinealomas, ndi zina zambiri.

• The zotupa zachiwiri ou masastatic ndi zoyipa (khansa) ndipo zimachokera ku ziwalo zina komwe kuli khansa ndipo maselo ake a chotupa asamukira kuubongo ndikuchulukirachulukira. Maselo otupa amanyamulidwa ndi magazi ndipo nthawi zambiri amatuluka pamphambano pakati pa zoyera ndi zotuwa muubongo. Zotupa zachiwirizi ndi pafupipafupi kuposa zotupa zoyambirira. Kuphatikiza apo, akuti 25% ya anthu omwe amamwalira ndi khansa zamtundu uliwonse ndizonyamula ma metastases aubongo.¹. Zina mwazotupa zomwe zimayambitsa ma metastases aubongo: khansa ya m'mawere, khansa yam'mapapo, khansa yapakhungu (khansa ya khansa), khansa ya impso, khansa yam'matumbo, ndi zina zambiri.

Ndani akukhudzidwa?

Chaka chilichonse ku France, pafupifupi 6.000 anthu amapezeka ndi chotupa chachikulu muubongo. Amayimira 2% ya khansa yonse². Ku Canada, zotupa zazikulu zaubongo amakhudza anthu 8 mwa anthu 100. Pazotupa zamatenda, zimakhudza anthu pafupifupi 000 mwa anthu 32. Kafukufuku wamkulu wamatenda akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zotupa zamaubongo ku West kwakhala kukuwonjezeka kwazaka zambiri, popanda amene akudziwa chifukwa chake. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri foni yam'manja kumawoneka kuti kukukhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zotupa zina zoyambirira muubongo, monga kafukufuku ambiri akuwonetsera.^{3, 4,5}. Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja, ana amakhala ndi zotupa zaubongo kuposa akulu.

Nthawi yofunsira?

Onani dokotala wanu ngati mukumva zizindikiro monga kupweteka kwa mutu kosalekeza komanso koopsa, limodzi ndi nseru ndi zovuta zamasomphenya.