Alexithymia ndimatenda amachitidwe am'maganizo, omwe amadziwika kwambiri m'matenda amisala. Zimadziwonetsera pamavuto akulu kuzindikira ndi kufotokoza momwe akumvera komanso za ena. Alexithymia imakhudzidwanso ndimatenda amitundumitundu, monga kukhumudwa ndi kusokonezeka mutu. Matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi 10% ya anthu wamba.

Tanthauzo la alexithymia

Alexithymia ndimatenda amachitidwe am'maganizo, omwe amadziwika kwambiri m'matenda amisala. Zimadziwonetsera pamavuto akulu kuzindikira ndi kufotokoza momwe akumvera komanso za ena.

Alexithymia ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule m'mawonekedwe anayi:

• Kulephera kufotokoza mawu kapena malingaliro;
• Kuchepetsa moyo wongoyerekeza;
• Chizoloŵezi chochita zinthu pofuna kupewa ndi kuthetsa mikangano;
• Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za zowona, zochitika, zizindikiritso zakuthupi.

Mawu akuti alexithymia ndi neologism - a = kusowa, lexis = mawu, thymos = kusinthasintha, chidwi, kumva, kutengeka - wopangidwa ndi a psychiatrist Sifneos mu 1973 kufotokoza anthu omwe alibe kuthekera kofotokozera zakukhosi kwawo kapena malingaliro ochepa : "Moyo wongoyerekeza wopanda pake womwe umapangitsa kuti ugwiritse ntchito malingaliro, chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito popewa mikangano ndi zovuta, choletsa kuwonetsa malingaliro komanso makamaka kupeza mawu ofotokozera momwe akumvera. "

Mitundu ya d'alexithymies

Mitundu iwiri ya alexithymia imatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• State alexithymia ili ndi chifukwa china ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhalako kwakanthawi. Post-traumatic stress disorder, yoyambitsidwa ndi chochitika chowopsa, ndi chitsanzo chodziwika choyambitsa mtundu wa alexithymia.
• Khalidwe la alexithymia limawerengedwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chamunthu. Zitha kukhala zoyambirira kapena zachiwiri - chifukwa cha zochitika zomwe zimachitika munthu akadali mwana, monga kunyalanyaza kapena nkhanza.

Alexithymia amadziwikanso kuti ali ndi zinthu ziwiri:

• Gawo lazidziwitso pomwe anthu amatha kuthana ndi zovuta m'malingaliro ndi momwe akumvera poyesera kutchula, kumvetsetsa ndikuyankhula zakukhosi kwawo;
• Gawo lamaganizidwe pomwe anthu amavutika kugawana, kuyankha ndikumva momwe akumvera.

Zimayambitsa de l'alexithymie

M'mbuyomu, alexithymia idasankhidwa ndikumangokhala ndi zovuta zama psychosomatic - zovuta zokhudzana ndi zizindikiritso zathupi koma zimapangidwa ndikukulitsidwa ndi malingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene wakwiya kwambiri, koma sakuwonetsa kukwiya kwawo, amatha kumva kupweteka m'mimba.

Komabe, alexithymia imakhudzidwa ndimavuto osiyanasiyana amisala, monga kukhumudwa ndi schizophrenia. Zofooka zambiri zamatenda a autism zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha izi.

Koma alexithymia imalumikizidwanso ndikusintha kwa zochitika zamanjenje amanjenje - chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu zomwe zimayendetsa dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limayang'anira zochitika za ziwalo zowoneka bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito a thupi monga kupuma ndi kugunda kwa mtima. mtima-, chitetezo cha mthupi komanso zochitika muubongo.

Ofufuza ena amalumikiza alexithymia ndi kukonda makolo kopanda chiyembekezo kapena zokumana nazo zoyipa zaubwana.

Kafukufuku wina wokhudza alexithymia mu dermatology akuwonetsa kuti zikuwoneka kuti zimakhudzana ndi alopecia areata -kapena alopecia areata, matenda omwe amadzimitsa okha omwe amayambitsa tsitsi-, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis -mtundu wa chikanga-, wokhala ndi vitiligo kapena urticaria yosatha.

Kuzindikira kwa alexithymia

Alexithymia sanazindikiridwebe pakatundu kovomerezeka ka matenda. Koma matenda ake angathe kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana ndi masikelo.

TAS-20 - ya "Toronto Alexithymia Scale" - ndichimodzi mwazida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa alexithymia pakufufuza ndi zamankhwala: http://www.antidouleur59.fr/douleursquestionnairetas20.pdf.

Mulingo uwu wapangidwa ndi zinthu 20, zomwe zimaphunzira magawo atatu:

• Zovuta kuzindikira mizimu;
• Zovuta kufotokozera zakukhosi kwa ena;
• Kuganiza mozama.

Mayankho amachokera 1 mpaka 5 kuyambira kusagwirizana kwathunthu mpaka mgwirizano wonse.

Pali zida zina zoyeza alexithymia:

• Mafunso a Beth Israel (BIQ) kapena Mafunso a Beth Israel Psychosomatic;
• Mafunso a Le Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia (BVAQ);
• Ndi zina zambiri

Pakuwunika, wodwalayo amalumikizananso kwakanthawi ndi wodwalayo ndikuwapempha kuti atenge zofufuza zowonjezerapo ndikuyesa zamaganizidwe.

Anthu okhudzidwa ndi alexithymia

Alexithymia imakhudza pafupifupi 10% ya anthu wamba.

Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti alexithymia imadziwika kwambiri mwa amuna komanso pakati pa madokotala.

Zinthu zokonda alexithymia

Zinthu zingapo zimatha kulimbikitsa kapena kukulitsa alexithymia:

• Ziphuphu;
• Kusokonezeka;
• Mavuto akudya;
• Kuledzera;
• Kuwonongeka kwina kwa ubongo;
• Kusokonezeka maganizo pambuyo pa zoopsa;
• Ndi zina zambiri

Zovuta kulankhulana zakukhosi

Chikhalidwe choyamba cha alexithymia ndizovuta kuti muzitha kuuza ena zakukhosi kwanu. Alexithymic amalephera kufotokoza momwe akumvera mumtima.

Kulephera kuzindikira momwe akumvera

Anthu omwe ali ndi alexithymia amalephera kuzindikira momwe akumvera komanso amatha kuwasiyanitsa ndi matupi awo. Wodwalayo amafotokoza mobwerezabwereza zakuthupi m'malo moyesera kufotokoza momwe akumvera.

Umphawi wa moyo wongoyerekeza

Ma alexithymics amalota pang'ono - kapena amakumbukira pang'ono - ndipo malotowo akakhalapo, zomwe zilipo ndizosauka, zowona komanso zowona. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta kuzindikira malotowo ndi zenizeni. Zolingalira ndizochepa ndipo zikumbukiro zimawoneka zosokonezeka kwambiri. Alexithymia imabweretsa kusowa kwa malingaliro komanso mawonekedwe azidziwitso omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pazokopa komanso zakunja.

Malingaliro okhala ndi pragmatic

Malingaliro a alexithymics ndi akunja m'malo mokhala mkati. Wodwala amafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zowona, zochitika kapena zizindikiritso zakuthupi zomwe zimatulutsa zotengeka koma sizikufotokozera momwe zimakhudzira iwo eni.

Kutanthauzira kolakwika kwakumverera kwakuthupi

Kulephera kuzindikira mokwanira zakumverera ngati kuwonetseredwa kwakanthawi kwamalingaliro kumatha kupangitsa anthu omwe ali ndi alexithymia kuti atanthauzire molakwika kukhudzidwa kwawo ngati zizindikiritso zamatenda, kuwapangitsa kuti apite kuchipatala chifukwa cha zizindikilo. zomwe sizingafotokozedwe momveka bwino zachipatala.

Zizindikiro zina

• Mawu osauka omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito;
• Kulankhula momveka kulibe;
• Umphawi wakumva polankhula;
• Chithunzi chenicheni chosimba, popanda zongopeka kapena chizindikiro;
• Kusadziletsa;
• Kuphulika kwachiwawa kapena kosokoneza;
• Kunyalanyaza ena;
• Zovuta kuzindikira momwe ena akumvera;
• Kuchulukitsa chidwi cha mawonekedwe, mawu kapena kukhudza kwakuthupi.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi alexithymia, katswiri wazamaganizidwe nthawi zambiri amayang'ana pakukhazikitsa maziko oti atchule malingaliro ndikumvetsetsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Njirayi iphatikizira kulingalira za zokumana nazo za anthu ena ndikuwunika kwawo kudzera:

• Mankhwala gulu;
• Nyuzipepala ya tsiku ndi tsiku;
• Chithandizo chokhazikika;
• Kuchita zaluso zaluso;
• Njira zosiyanasiyana zopumulira;
• Kuwerenga mabuku kapena nkhani zosuntha;
• Ndi zina zambiri

Kwa zaka makumi anayi zapitazi, alexithymia idalimbikitsa kafukufuku wambiri womwe udawunikira mbali zambiri zamatendawa koma sunapange chithandizo chamankhwala chatsopano chotsimikizira miyoyo ya anthu. anthu alexithymic. Ngakhale zili choncho, kafukufuku wamakhalidwe, zilankhulo komanso ma neuroscience a alexithymia akuwoneka kuti wapita patsogolo mpaka kutanthauzira ngati chithandizo chothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi alexithymia. Mankhwalawa atha kuperekedwa m'njira zatsopano, monga mapulogalamu a pa intaneti: kulumikizana pa intaneti kumapereka njira yochepetsera kulumikizana ndi anthu, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunika kogawana zakukhosi.

Kuphunzira kunena zakukhosi kwanu kuyambira ali aang'ono kungathandize kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa alexithymia.