Momwe mungawerenge mabuku khumi olerera komanso osapenga? Ndi mawu ati omwe sayenera kunenedwa? Kodi mungasunge ndalama pasukulu? Kodi ndingatsimikizire bwanji kuti ndimamukonda mwana wanga ndipo zonse zikhala bwino kwa ife? Mkonzi wamkulu wa gwero lodziwika bwino la maphunziro Mel, Nikita Belogolovtsev, amapereka mayankho ake.
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha sukulu, makolo amakhala ndi mafunso okhudza maphunziro a mwana wawo. Wofunsa ndani? Mphunzitsi, wotsogolera, komiti ya makolo? Koma mayankho awo nthawi zambiri okhazikika ndipo nthawi zonse zigwirizane ife ... Angapo achinyamata, posachedwapa ophunzira ndi ophunzira, analenga malo «Mel», amene amauza makolo za sukulu mu chidwi, moona mtima ndi zosangalatsa njira.
Psychology: Malowa ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo omvera pamwezi ali kale oposa milioni, mwakhala bwenzi la Moscow Salon of Education. Kodi ndinu Katswiri wa Sukulu tsopano? Ndipo ndingakufunseni funso lililonse ngati katswiri?
Nikita Belogolovtsev: Mutha kundifunsa funso ngati mayi wa ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ana kuyambira zaka 7 mpaka 17, yemwe amakonda kwambiri masewera, umu ndi momwe ma algorithms a pa intaneti amandifotokozera. M'malo mwake, ndikadali ndi ana ang'onoang'ono awiri, koma ine - inde, ndatsiriza kale maphunziro omiza m'dziko la maphunziro achi Russia.
Ndipo dziko ili ndi losangalatsa bwanji?
Zovuta, zosamveka, nthawi zina zosangalatsa! Osati ngati masewera a basketball timu yomwe ndimakonda, inde, komanso yodabwitsa kwambiri.
Sewero lake ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, mu mlingo wa nkhawa makolo. Mulingo uwu ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe abambo ndi amayi athu adakumana nazo, kapena agogo athu monga makolo. Nthawi zina zimangopita pamwamba. Moyo wasintha m'malingaliro komanso mwachuma, kuthamanga ndi kosiyana, machitidwe amakhalidwe ndi osiyana. Sindikunenanso zaukadaulo. Makolo amawopa kuti asakhale ndi nthawi yodziwitsa ana awo chinachake, kuti achedwe ndi kusankha ntchito, osati kufanana ndi chithunzi cha banja lopambana. Ndipo matekinoloje a maphunziro amasintha pang'onopang'ono. Kapena zachiphamaso. Sukuluyi ndi yokonda kwambiri.
Tsamba lanu la makolo amakono. Ndiziyani?
Uwu ndi m'badwo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala momasuka: galimoto yobwereketsa, yoyenda kangapo pachaka, banki yam'manja ili pafupi. Izi ndi mbali imodzi. Kumbali ina, otsutsa mafilimu abwino kwambiri amawafotokozera chilichonse chokhudza sinema ya auteur, malo odyera abwino kwambiri - zazakudya, akatswiri azamisala apamwamba - za libido ...
Tafika pamlingo wakutiwakuti wamoyo, tapanga masitayilo athuathu, tapeza zitsogozo, tikudziwa komwe ndi zomwe anganene movomerezeka komanso mwaubwenzi. Ndiyeno - bam, ana amapita kusukulu. Ndipo palibe amene angafunse za sukuluyi. Palibe amene amalankhula ndi makolo amasiku ano mosangalatsa, modabwitsa, mosangalatsa komanso momangirira (monga anazolowera) zokhudza sukulu. Mantha basi. Kuphatikiza apo, zokumana nazo zam'mbuyomu sizigwira ntchito: palibe chilichonse chomwe makolo athu adagwiritsa ntchito - ngati chilimbikitso kapena ngati gwero - sichili choyenera kumaphunziro lero.
Pali zambiri zambiri zomwe kholo lofuna kudziwa lili nazo, ndipo zimatsutsana. Amayi asokonezeka
Kuwonjezera pa zovuta zonsezi ndi nyengo ya kusintha kwakukulu. Iwo anayambitsa Unified State Exam - ndi aligorivimu bwino «study - graduation - introductory - university» nthawi yomweyo anasokera! Iwo anayamba kugwirizanitsa sukulu - ndi mantha ambiri. Ndipo ndizomwe zili pamtunda. Tsopano kholo, monga centipede, akuyamba kukayikira pulayimale: mwanayo anabweretsa deuce - kulanga kapena ayi? Kusukulu kuli mabwalo 10 - ndi uti woti mupite osasowa? Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa ngati mungasinthire njira za makolo nkomwe, bwanji, kunena pang'ono, kuyikapo ndalama? Kuti tiyankhe mafunso amenewa, tinapanga Mel.
Malingaliro ambiri omwe ali patsamba lanu ndi a zofalitsa zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri pakuchita bwino pagulu - momwe mungalere mtsogoleri, kaya kuchita nawo kakulidwe ka ana akhanda ...
Inde, zachabechabe za makolo zikulamulira pano! Koma malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha anthu okhudzana ndi miyambo ya mpikisano ndi mantha a amayi osasiya chinachake amakhudzanso.
Kodi mukuganiza kuti masiku ano makolo alibe chochita moti sangachite popanda woyendetsa panyanja pankhani zamaphunziro a kusukulu?
Masiku ano, pali zambiri zomwe kholo lofuna kudziwa lili nazo, ndipo ndi zotsutsana. Ndipo pali kukambirana kochepa kwambiri pa nkhani zomwe zimamukhudza. Amayi ndi osokonezeka: pali mavoti ena a sukulu, pali ena, wina amatenga aphunzitsi, wina satero, pasukulu ina mlengalenga ndi waluso, kwina ndi malo ovuta ... m’malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, m’dziko limene makolo ambiri sadziwika, ndipo n’zosatheka kulamulira moyo wawo kumeneko.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpaka posachedwapa, zinali zovuta kuganiza kuti makolo amafuna kusintha kwa mphunzitsi wa kalasi, kuti ana atenge masiku atatu tchuthi lisanafike ndi "kubwerera" patatha masiku asanu ... , ndi mphamvu, zenizeni "makasitomala maphunziro ntchito".
Poyamba, malamulo a moyo anali osiyana, panali mwayi wochepa woyendetsa ndi maholide, mayesero ochepa, ndipo ulamuliro wa mphunzitsi unali, ndithudi, wapamwamba. Masiku ano, malingaliro pa zinthu zambiri asintha, koma lingaliro la "makasitomala a maphunziro a maphunziro" akadali nthano. Chifukwa makolo sangathe kuyitanitsa chilichonse ndipo sangakhudze chilichonse. Inde, mokulira, alibe nthaŵi ya kumvetsetsa miyezo ya maphunziro, kaya afunikira bukhu limodzi la mbiri ya anthu onse kapena kuwalola kukhala osiyana, mphunzitsi adzasankha.
Ndiye vuto lawo lalikulu ndi chiyani?
"Kodi ndine mayi woyipa?" Ndipo mphamvu zonse, mitsempha, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, zothandizira zimapita kuti zithetse kudzimva wolakwa. Poyamba, ntchito ya malowa inali kuteteza makolo kuti asawononge ndalama zambiri m’dzina la mwanayo. Sitinkadziŵa kuti ndi ndalama zingati zimene zinawonongedwa mopanda nzeru. Kotero ife tinatenga ufulu wofotokozera chithunzi cha dziko, kusonyeza zomwe mungapulumutse, ndi zomwe, mosiyana, siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Mwachitsanzo, makolo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri ndi pulofesa wolemekezeka (ndi wokwera mtengo) wa kuyunivesite. Koma kwenikweni, pokonzekera mayeso, womaliza maphunziro dzulo, yemwe wangopambana yekha mayesowa, nthawi zambiri amakhala wothandiza kwambiri. Kapena wamba “ngati alankhula nane mwanzeru m’Chingelezi, adzapambanadi mayeso.” Ndipo izi, zikuwoneka, sizitsimikizo.
Nthano ina yomwe imayambitsa mikangano: "Sukulu ndi nyumba yachiwiri, mphunzitsi ndi mayi wachiwiri."
Mphunzitsi mwiniwakeyo ndi wogwiriridwa ndi zofunikira za boma zomwe zimadzaza ntchito yake. Alibe mafunso ochepa ku dongosololi kuposa makolo ake, koma ndi kwa iye kuti pamapeto pake amapita. Simungayandikire kwa wotsogolera, mabwalo a makolo ndizovuta kwambiri. Ulalo womaliza ndi mphunzitsi. Chifukwa chake ndiye ali ndi udindo wochepetsa maola m'mabuku, kusokoneza dongosolo, kusonkhanitsa ndalama kosatha - ndikutsitsanso mndandanda. Popeza iye, mphunzitsi, samasamala za lingaliro lake laumwini, ngakhale lopita patsogolo kwambiri, nkosavuta kwa iye kugwira ntchito ndi mawu a m’malamulo ndi zozungulira.
Makolo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri ndi pulofesa wolemekezeka (komanso wokwera mtengo) waku yunivesite. Koma pokonzekera mayeso, womaliza dzulo nthawi zambiri amakhala wothandiza kwambiri
Zotsatira zake, vuto la kulankhulana lakula: palibe amene anganene chilichonse kwa wina aliyense m'chinenero chodziwika bwino. Ubale wa mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira muzochitika zotere, ndikukhulupirira, sizowonekera kwambiri.
Ndiko kuti, makolo alibe chilichonse cholota kukhulupirirana kwa omwe atenga nawo gawo pamaphunziro?
M’malo mwake, timatsimikizira kuti zimenezi n’zotheka ngati tiyesa kudzipezera tokha mikangano ina. Mwachitsanzo, phunzirani za mtundu woterewu wodzilamulira wekha pasukulu monga uphungu wa makolo ndi kupeza chida chenicheni chochitira nawo moyo wa kusukulu. Izi zimalola, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa nkhani ya ndandanda yosokoneza yatchuthi kapena malo olakwika kwa osankhidwa mu ndandanda kuchokera pazokambirana komanso osayang'ana wina womuimba mlandu.
Koma ntchito yanu yayikulu ndikuteteza makolo ku mtengo wamaphunziro?
Inde, timakhala kumbali ya makolo pa mkangano uliwonse. Mphunzitsi amene amakalipira wophunzira amasiya kuganiza kuti ndi wosalakwa mu dongosolo lathu logwirizanitsa. Ndiiko komwe, aphunzitsi ali ndi gulu la akatswiri, wotsogolera amene amawatsogolera, ndipo makolo ndi ndani? Pakadali pano, sukulu ndi yodabwitsa, mwina zaka zabwino kwambiri za munthu, ndipo ngati mutakhala ndi zolinga zenizeni, mutha kumva phokoso lenileni (ndikudziwa kuchokera ku zomwe ndakumana nazo!), Sinthani zaka 11 kukhala luso lolumikizana labanja, pezani anthu amalingaliro ofanana. , tsegulani zida zotere, kuphatikiza ndi mwa iwo okha, zomwe makolo sanakayikire!
Mukuyimira malingaliro osiyanasiyana, koma kholo liyenera kusankhabe?
Inde ziyenera. Koma ichi ndi chisankho pakati pa njira zomveka, zomwe aliyense angathe kuzigwirizanitsa ndi zomwe adakumana nazo, miyambo ya banja, chidziwitso, pamapeto pake. Ndipo khalani pansi - mungathe kuchita izi, koma mukhoza kuchita mosiyana, ndipo izi sizowopsya, dziko silingatembenuke mozondoka. Kuti titsimikizire izi zofalitsa, tikuwonetsa zolemba za wolemba kwa akatswiri awiri kapena atatu. Ngati alibe zotsutsa zamagulu, ndiye timazisindikiza. Iyi ndi mfundo yoyamba.
Ndikanaletsa makolo mawu akuti: "Tinakula, ndipo palibe." Imalungamitsa kusachita chilichonse ndi mphwayi
Mfundo yachiwiri sikupereka malangizo achindunji. Pangani makolo kuganiza, ngakhale kuti akuwerengera malangizo enieni: "choyenera kuchita ngati mwana sadya kusukulu", mfundo ndi mfundo, chonde. Timayesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti pakati kukhumudwa, kukwiya ndi kusokonezeka kwa akuluakulu, maganizo awo amakula, amatembenukira kwa mwanayo, osati kwa anthu omwe amawakonda.
Ife tokha tikuphunzira. Komanso, owerenga athu sakugona, makamaka pankhani ya maphunziro a kugonana. "Apa umakonda kukhulupirira kuti chipewa chapinki kwa mnyamata ndi chachilendo, umatsutsa malingaliro a amuna ndi akazi. Ndiyeno mumapereka mafilimu 12 omwe anyamata ayenera kuwona, ndi 12 kwa atsikana. Ndiyenera kumvetsa bwanji izi?" Zowona, tiyenera kukhala osasinthasintha, timaganiza ...
Tiyerekeze kuti palibe malangizo achindunji - inde, mwina, sipangakhale. Kodi makolo mungawaletse chiyani kwenikweni?
Mawu awiri. Choyamba: "Tinakula, ndipo palibe." Imalungamitsa kusachita chilichonse ndi mphwayi. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti sukulu Soviet analera amazipanga ophunzira, amaphunzitsa pa Harvard ndi imathandizira ma elekitironi mu colliders. Ndipo zoti anthu omwewa adapita limodzi ku MMM aiwalika pena pake.
Ndipo mawu achiwiri: "Ndikudziwa momwe ndingamusangalatse." Chifukwa, malinga ndi zomwe ndawonera, ndi iye kuti misala ya makolo imayamba.
Kodi ndi cholinga chinanso chiti chimene makolo angakhale nacho, ngati si chimwemwe cha ana?
Kuti mukhale osangalala nokha - ndiye, ndikuganiza, zonse zidzayenda bwino kwa mwanayo. Chabwino, ndilo lingaliro langa.