Psychology

“Buku lodziwika bwino la psychology of behaviour, lolembedwa zaka 45 zapitazo, pomalizira pake latuluka m’Chirasha,” akutero katswiri wa zamaganizo Vladimir Romek. - Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana chifukwa kuti anazindikira tingachipeze powerenga psychology lapansi sanali kuimiridwa mu malo olankhula Chirasha. Pakati pawo, mwina, pali chionetsero chobisika chotsutsana ndi malingaliro otsimikiziridwa oyesera omwe amanyoza amene amakhulupirira kuti ndi wapadera.

"Beyond Freedom and Dignity" wolemba Burres Frederick Skinner

Nchiyani chinayambitsa kukambirana koopsa, osati kokha pakati pa akatswiri? Zokhumudwitsa kwambiri owerenga zinali zonena kuti munthu alibe ufulu wofikira pamlingo womwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira. M'malo mwake, khalidwe lake (ndi iye mwini) ndi chiwonetsero cha zochitika zakunja ndi zotsatira za zochita zake, zomwe zimangowoneka ngati zodzilamulira. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amakhumudwa ndi zongopeka za "zofotokozera zabodza" zomwe amayesa kutanthauzira zomwe sangathe kuzikonza. Ufulu, ulemu, kudziyimira pawokha, luso, umunthu ndi mawu osamveka komanso ofunikira kwa munthu wamakhalidwe. Mitu yoperekedwa ku phunziro la chilango, makamaka, zopanda tanthauzo komanso zovulaza, zinakhala zosayembekezereka. Mtsutsowo unali woopsa, koma kumveka bwino kwa mfundo za Skinner nthawi zonse kunkachititsa kuti adani ake azilemekeza. Ndi malingaliro odabwitsa a umunthu waumunthu, ndithudi, ndikufuna kutsutsana: sizinthu zonse apa zomwe zingagwirizane ndi malingaliro okhudza ufulu wakudzisankhira, zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zochita zathu. Ndikovuta kusiya nthawi yomweyo «malongosoledwe amalingaliro» athu ndi zochita za anthu ena. Koma ndithudi inu, monga ine, mudzapeza kukhala kovuta kulingalira kaimidwe ka mlembi kukhala kachiphamaso. Pankhani ya kutsimikizika kwamphamvu, Skinner atha kupereka zovuta ku njira zina zambiri zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi pofotokozera akasupe omwe amasuntha munthu.

Kumasulira kuchokera ku Chingerezi ndi Alexander Fedorov, Operant, 192 p.

Siyani Mumakonda