Biofeedback imatanthawuza njira zingapo potengera kuyeza kwa ntchito za organic, cholinga chake ndikuphunzira momwe mungawalamulire kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. Patsambali, mupeza njirayi mwatsatanetsatane, mfundo zake, mbiri yake, maubwino ake ambiri, momwe gawo limachitikira, momwe mungachitire biofeedback ndipo pomaliza, zotsutsana ndi zotani.

Biofeedback (yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa biofeedback kapena biofeedback) ndi ntchito ya psychophysiology, maphunziro omwe amaphunzira kugwirizana pakati pa zochitika za ubongo ndi machitidwe a thupi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi sayansi ya "maganizo a thupi" mogwirizana.

Kumbali imodzi, akatswiri a psychophysiologists ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe malingaliro ndi malingaliro amakhudzira chamoyo. Kumbali ina, akufufuza momwe kuyang'anira ndi kusinthasintha modzifunira kwa thupi (monga kugunda kwa mtima) kungakhudzire ntchito zina (monga kuthamanga kwa magazi) ndi makhalidwe ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana.

Cholinga chake n’chosavuta komanso chenicheni: kuchititsa wodwalayo kulamuliranso thupi lake, kuphatikizapo zimene amati ndi zochita zokha, n’cholinga chopewa kapena kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu

Biofeedback sikungolankhula kwenikweni. M'malo mwake, ndi njira yapadera yothandizira. Zimasiyana ndi njira zina zodzilamulira pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo (zamagetsi kapena makompyuta) monga zida zophunzirira (kapena kukonzanso). Zipangizozi zimagwira ndi kukulitsa zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi thupi (kutentha kwa thupi, kugunda kwa mtima, zochitika za minofu, mafunde a muubongo, ndi zina zotero) ndikuzimasulira kukhala zizindikiro zomveka kapena zowonekera. Mwachitsanzo, timatcha neurofeedback njira ya biofeedback yomwe imapangitsa kuti mafunde aubongo "awonekere". Ndipo wina amatcha biofeedback ndi electromyography (EMG) zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuwona mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi omwe amatsagana ndi ntchito ya minofu. Chifukwa cha umboni wa zizindikirozi, wodwalayo amatha kuzindikira mauthenga a thupi lake. Mothandizidwa ndi wochiritsa, amatha kuphunzira kuwongolera momwe thupi lake limayendera. Tsiku lina, adzatha kubwereza zochitikazo payekha, kunja kwa ofesi.

Kafukufuku wambiri wasayansi amatsimikizira ubwino wa mankhwalawa. Biofeedback ndiyothandiza makamaka kwa:

Kuchepetsa mutu (kupweteka kwa mutu ndi migraines)

Kafukufuku wambiri wofalitsidwa amatsimikizira kuti biofeedback ndiyothandiza kuthetsa mikhalidwe iyi. Kaya akutsatiridwa ndi kumasuka, kuphatikizapo chithandizo cha khalidwe kapena payekha, zotsatira za kafukufuku wambiri zimasonyeza mphamvu zambiri kuposa gulu lolamulira, kapena zofanana ndi mankhwala. Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali zimakhalanso zokhutiritsa, ndipo maphunziro ena nthawi zina amapita mpaka kusonyeza kuti kusintha kumasungidwa pambuyo pa zaka 5 kwa 91% ya odwala omwe ali ndi mutu waching'alang'ala. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi biofeedback ndizomwe zimaganizira kupsinjika kwa minofu (mutu, khosi, mapewa), ntchito ya electrodermal (kuyankha kwa glands za thukuta) kapena kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono.

Kuchiza mkodzo incontinence akazi

Malinga ndi maphunziro angapo, masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbitsa mafupa a m'chiuno pogwiritsa ntchito biofeedback angathandize kuchepetsa nthawi ya kupsinjika maganizo (kutaya mkodzo mwangozi panthawi yolimbitsa thupi, mwachitsanzo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kutsokomola). Ponena za kuthamangitsidwa kwa mkodzo (kutayika mwangozi kwa mkodzo mwamsanga mutangomva kuti mukufunikira kuchoka), masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe cholinga chake ndi kuwonjezera kusungirako kwa chikhodzodzo pogwiritsa ntchito biofeedback kumabweretsanso kuchepetsa. . Malinga ndi kaphatikizidwe kwina, amayi omwe sadziwa pang'ono kapena sakudziwa njira yolondola yolumikizira minofu yawo ya m'chiuno angapindule kwambiri ndi njirayi (onani tsamba lathu loletsa mkodzo).

Chitani zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kudzimbidwa kwa ana

Ndemanga ya mabuku asayansi omwe adasindikizidwa mu 2004 adatsimikiza kuti biofeedback ikhoza kukhala yothandiza pazovuta zambiri za kudzimbidwa, makamaka kwa ana. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa ana 43 anasonyeza kupambana kwa chithandizo chamankhwala chochirikizidwa ndi biofeedback. Pambuyo pa miyezi 7, kuthetsa zizindikiro kunakhudza 55% ya ana mu gulu loyesera, poyerekeza ndi 5% kwa gulu lolamulira; ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi 12, 50% ndi 16% motsatira. Ponena za kukhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka defecation, kuchuluka kwake kunafika 77% motsutsana ndi 13% motsatana.

Kuchiza matenda kudzimbidwa aakulu

Mu 2009, kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti biofeedback pochiza kudzimbidwa inali yabwino kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, monga kumwa mankhwala otsekemera, placebo kapena jekeseni wa botox.

Kuchepetsa zizindikiro za Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwazizindikiro zoyambirira za ADHD (kusasamala, kuchita zinthu monyanyira komanso kutengeka) komanso mayeso anzeru okhazikika. Mafananidwe opangidwa ndi mankhwala othandiza monga Ritalin (methylphenidate kapena dextroamphetamine) amatsindika kufanana ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kupambana kwa EEG biofeedback pa mankhwalawa wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, olembawo akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwa biofeedback ndi njira zina zochiritsira zowonjezera zitha kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo chamankhwala.

Chitani chimbudzi cha chimbudzi

Biofeedback ikuwoneka ngati yotetezeka, yotsika mtengo, komanso yothandiza pochiza vuto lamtunduwu. Kuwunikanso kwa zolembedwa zasayansi kukuwonetsa kuti ndi njira yosankhidwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zopitilira 20 muzachipatala. Pazinthu zakuthupi, zopindulitsa zomwe zimanenedwa pafupipafupi ndikumva kukhuta komanso kuwongolera mphamvu ndi kulumikizana kwa ma sphincters. Zambiri mwazolemba zomwe zasindikizidwa zimamaliza ndikudziletsa kwathunthu kapena kutsika kwa 75% mpaka 90% pafupipafupi nthawi zakusadziletsa. 

Kuonjezera apo, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti biodfeedback ingathandize kuchepetsa kusowa tulo, kuchepetsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi fribromyalgia, kuchiza vuto la mkodzo mwa ana, kuthandizira kuthetsa matenda a mphumu, kuchepetsa ululu, kuchepetsa khunyu, kuchiza vuto la erectile, kuchepetsa ululu ndi kusapeza bwino chifukwa cha ntchito yaitali pa kompyuta, kuchiza mtima arrhythmia kapena kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa odwala khansa yapamwamba.

Biofeedback ndi njira yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo la chithandizo chokwanira, monga mayendedwe amakhalidwe kapena physiotherapeutic rehabilitation. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira zina monga kupumula komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Katswiri

Ndi akatswiri okha pazaumoyo, zamaganizo ndi zasayansi zina za chikhalidwe cha anthu (chitsogozo, mwachitsanzo) omwe ali ndi digiri ya kuyunivesite kapena yofanana ndi yomwe angapeze izi.

Njira yophunzitsira

Kaya chithandizo chamtundu wanji, gawo la biofeedback limakhala ndi zokhazikika zochepa: zimachitika pamalo odekha komanso opumira; nthawi zina nyimbo zofewa zimayimbidwa; wodwalayo amakhala momasuka, kapena atagona, ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri zowunikira kapena zowonera zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi chowunikira kuchokera ku masensa omwe amayikidwa pamalo abwino pathupi lawo (kachiwiri, kutengera dera lomwe thupi likuyenera kuthandizidwa komanso mtundu wa 'chipangizo" ). Wothandizira amakhala ngati wotsogolera. Zimathandiza wodwalayo kuzindikira momwe thupi lake limayankhira (kuvuta kwa mitsempha, kutentha kwa thupi, kugunda kwa mtima, kupuma, kukana kwa minofu, ndi zina zotero) malinga ndi deta yomwe imaperekedwa kwa iye ndi makina. Amapereka chidziwitso ndi chilimbikitso komanso amathandiza wodwalayo kugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo latsopano tsiku ndi tsiku. Choncho, m’moyo wake wabwinobwino, wodwalayo ayenera kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi thupi lake, kutanthauza kuti asinthe zochita zake kapena makhalidwe ake popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozo. Pamapeto pa gawo la biofeedback, nthawi zambiri mumamva kuti mukuwongolera thupi lanu. Dziwani kuti biofeedback cholinga chake ndi odwala omwe ali ndi chidwi komanso opirira. Zoonadi, pamene matendawa akhazikitsidwa, si zachilendo kuti magawo 10 mpaka 40 a ola limodzi awerengedwe kuti atsimikizire zotsatira zokhutiritsa, makamaka zotsatira zokhalitsa.

Khalani akatswiri mu Biofeedback

Ku United States, Biofeedback Certification Institute of America (BCIA), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1981, imayang'anira kachitidwe ka biofeedback. Bungweli lakhazikitsa miyezo yomwe akatswiri ovomerezeka amayenera kutsatira, ndipo limapereka maphunziro angapo a biofeedback ku United States konse.

Ku Quebec, palibe sukulu yomwe imapereka maphunziro ovomerezeka ndi BCIA. M'mayiko olankhula Chifalansa ku Ulaya, njirayi ilinso yocheperapo, ngakhale pali gulu la dziko ku France lotchedwa Association pour l'Enseignement du Biofeedback Therapeutique (onani Malo Okonda).

Zotsutsana za Biofeedback

Biofeedback siyovomerezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi pacemaker, amayi apakati komanso omwe ali ndi khunyu.

Mawu akuti biofeedback adapangidwa mu 1969, koma kuyesa koyamba kumbuyo kwa njirayi kudayamba zaka 10 m'mbuyomo.

Panthawi yoyesera pogwiritsa ntchito electroencephalographs (chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a ubongo), ofufuza adapeza kuti ochita nawo amatha kupanga mafunde a alpha muubongo wawo pawokha, motero amamiza m'malo mwakufuna kwawo. wa kumasuka kwambiri. Mfundoyi ikanayesedwa, kenako idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu zina za physiology yaumunthu, ndipo teknoloji inatsatira. Tsopano pali mitundu ingapo ya zida, iliyonse yopangidwira kuyeza imodzi mwamayankho amthupi omwe amakhudzana ndi mavuto ndi matenda.

Masiku ano, biofeedback sikhalanso yosungidwa ndi asing'anga ndi akatswiri azamisala. Akatswiri angapo azaumoyo, monga ma physiotherapists, alangizi othandizira komanso akatswiri azachipatala aphatikiza njira imeneyi m'machitidwe awo.