Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 221 | Tsamba 1684 | 13.1% | 5.9% | 762 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 42 ga | 76 ga | 55.3% | 25% | 181 ga |
| mafuta | 5.9 ga | 56 ga | 10.5% | 4.8% | 949 ga |
| Water | 38.5 ga | 2273 ga | 1.7% | 0.8% | 5904 ga |
| ash | 13.6 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.02 mg | 1.5 mg | 1.3% | 0.6% | 7500 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.15 mg | 1.8 mg | 8.3% | 3.8% | 1200 ga |
| Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 0.865 mg | 5 mg | 17.3% | 7.8% | 578 ga |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.34 mg | 2 mg | 17% | 7.7% | 588 ga |
| Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 17 | Makilogalamu 400 | 4.3% | 1.9% | 2353 ga |
| Vitamini B12, cobalamin | Makilogalamu 1.62 | Makilogalamu 3 | 54% | 24.4% | 185 ga |
| Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 1.3 mg | 15 mg | 8.7% | 3.9% | 1154 ga |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 13.8 mg | 20 mg | 69% | 31.2% | 145 ga |
| niacin | 6 mg | ~ | |||
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 536 mg | 2500 mg | 21.4% | 9.7% | 466 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 274 mg | 1000 mg | 27.4% | 12.4% | 365 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 46 mg | 400 mg | 11.5% | 5.2% | 870 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 4566 mg | 1300 mg | 351.2% | 158.9% | 28 ga |
| Sulufule, S | 420 mg | 1000 mg | 42% | 19% | 238 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 413 mg | 800 mg | 51.6% | 23.3% | 194 ga |
| Mankhwala, Cl | 7044 mg | 2300 mg | 306.3% | 138.6% | 33 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Iron, Faith | 0.7 mg | 18 mg | 3.9% | 1.8% | 2571 ga |
| Selenium, Ngati | Makilogalamu 54.3 | Makilogalamu 55 | 98.7% | 44.7% | 101 ga |
| sterols | |||||
| Cholesterol | 74 mg | pa 300 mg | |||
| Mafuta okhutira | |||||
| Mafuta okhutira | 1.2 ga | maulendo 18.7 г | |||
| Monounsaturated mafuta zidulo | 2.61 ga | Mphindi 16.8 г | 15.5% | 7% | |
| Mafuta a Polyunsaturated acids | 0.697 ga | kuchokera 11.2 mpaka 20.6 | 6.2% | 2.8% | |
| Omega-3 mafuta acids | 0.375 ga | kuchokera 0.9 mpaka 3.7 | 41.7% | 18.9% | |
| Omega-6 mafuta acids | 0.322 ga | kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 16.8 | 6.9% | 3.1% |
Mphamvu ndi 221 kcal.
- vitamini B5 nawo mapuloteni, mafuta, zimam'patsa kagayidwe, mafuta m'thupi kagayidwe, synthesis wa mahomoni angapo, hemoglobin, amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe amino zidulo ndi shuga mu intestine, amathandiza ntchito ya adrenal kotekisi. Kuperewera kwa asidi wa pantothenic kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka pakhungu ndi mamina.
- vitamini B6 amatenga nawo mbali pakukonzekera chitetezo cha mthupi, zoletsa ndi kusokonekera mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje, potembenuza amino acid, kagayidwe ka tryptophan, lipids ndi ma nucleic acid, kumathandizira kupangika kwa ma erythrocyte, kukonza mulingo wabwinobwino ya homocysteine m'magazi. Mavitamini B6 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa njala, kuphwanya mkhalidwe wa khungu, kukula kwa homocysteinemia, kuchepa magazi.
- vitamini B12 imachita gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwama metabolism ndikusintha kwa amino acid. Folate ndi vitamini B12 ndi mavitamini ogwirizana ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga magazi. Kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kumabweretsa kukulira kuchepa kwa tsankho kapena sekondale, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- Vitamini PP amachita nawo zochita redox mphamvu kagayidwe. Kusakwanira kudya mavitamini kumatsagana ndi kusokonekera kwa khungu, m'mimba komanso m'mitsempha.
- potaziyamu ndiye ion yama cell yayikulu yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito yoyang'anira madzi, asidi ndi ma elektrolyte, amatenga nawo mbali pazokhumba zamitsempha, malamulo opanikizika.
- kashiamu ndiye gawo lalikulu la mafupa athu, amakhala ngati wolamulira wamanjenje, amatenga nawo gawo pakumapindika kwa minofu. Kulephera kwa calcium kumabweretsa demineralization ya msana, mafupa amchiuno ndi kumapeto kwenikweni, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- mankhwala enaake a amatenga nawo gawo pamagetsi amagetsi, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, ma acid a nucleic, ali ndi mphamvu zolimba pakhungu, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi calcium home, potaziyamu ndi sodium. Kuperewera kwa magnesium kumabweretsa hypomagnesemia, chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi matenda oopsa, matenda amtima.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Chlorine zofunika mapangidwe ndi katulutsidwe wa asidi hydrochloric mu thupi.
- Selenium - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha chitetezo cha antioxidant cha thupi la munthu, chimakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chimagwira nawo ntchito yokhudza mahomoni a chithokomiro. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a Kashin-Beck (osteoarthritis omwe ali ndi ziwalo zingapo, msana ndi mafupa), matenda a Keshan (opatsirana myocardiopathy), cholowa cha thrombastenia.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.