Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 20 | Tsamba 1684 | 1.2% | 6% | 8420 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 1.3 ga | 76 ga | 1.7% | 8.5% | 5846 ga |
| mafuta | 0.1 ga | 56 ga | 0.2% | 1% | 56000 ga |
| Zakudya | 3.2 ga | 219 ga | 1.5% | 7.5% | 6844 ga |
| zidulo zamagulu | 0.2 ga | ~ | |||
| CHIKWANGWANI chamagulu | 1.2 ga | 20 ga | 6% | 30% | 1667 ga |
| Water | 93 ga | 2273 ga | 4.1% | 20.5% | 2444 ga |
| ash | 1 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 333 | Makilogalamu 900 | 37% | 185% | 270 ga |
| beta carotenes | 2 mg | 5 mg | 40% | 200% | 250 ga |
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.02 mg | 1.5 mg | 1.3% | 6.5% | 7500 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.1 mg | 1.8 mg | 5.6% | 28% | 1800 ga |
| Vitamini B4, choline | 4.6 mg | 500 mg | 0.9% | 4.5% | 10870 ga |
| Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 0.13 mg | 5 mg | 2.6% | 13% | 3846 ga |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.15 mg | 2 mg | 7.5% | 37.5% | 1333 ga |
| Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 18 | Makilogalamu 400 | 4.5% | 22.5% | 2222 ga |
| Vitamini C, ascorbic | 30 mg | 90 mg | 33.3% | 166.5% | 300 ga |
| Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 1 mg | 15 mg | 6.7% | 33.5% | 1500 ga |
| Vitamini H, biotin | Makilogalamu 0.9 | Makilogalamu 50 | 1.8% | 9% | 5556 ga |
| Vitamini K, phylloquinone | Makilogalamu 166.9 | Makilogalamu 120 | 139.1% | 695.5% | 72 ga |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 0.5 mg | 20 mg | 2.5% | 12.5% | 4000 ga |
| niacin | 0.3 mg | ~ | |||
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 259 mg | 2500 mg | 10.4% | 52% | 965 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 100 mg | 1000 mg | 10% | 50% | 1000 ga |
| Pakachitsulo, Si | 5 mg | 30 mg | 16.7% | 83.5% | 600 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 18 mg | 400 mg | 4.5% | 22.5% | 2222 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 10 mg | 1300 mg | 0.8% | 4% | 13000 ga |
| Sulufule, S | 24 mg | 1000 mg | 2.4% | 12% | 4167 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 26 mg | 800 mg | 3.3% | 16.5% | 3077 ga |
| Mankhwala, Cl | 58 mg | 2300 mg | 2.5% | 12.5% | 3966 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Zotayidwa, Al | Makilogalamu 455 | ~ | |||
| Wopanga, B. | Makilogalamu 220 | ~ | |||
| Vanadium, V | Makilogalamu 11.2 | ~ | |||
| Iron, Faith | 1 mg | 18 mg | 5.6% | 28% | 1800 ga |
| Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 1.5 | Makilogalamu 150 | 1% | 5% | 10000 ga |
| Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 7 | Makilogalamu 10 | 70% | 350% | 143 ga |
| Lifiyamu, Li | Makilogalamu 6 | ~ | |||
| Manganese, Mn | 0.2 mg | 2 mg | 10% | 50% | 1000 ga |
| Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 92 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 9.2% | 46% | 1087 ga |
| Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 20 | Makilogalamu 70 | 28.6% | 143% | 350 ga |
| Nickel, ndi | Makilogalamu 2.3 | ~ | |||
| Rubidium, Rb | Makilogalamu 453 | ~ | |||
| Selenium, Ngati | Makilogalamu 0.5 | Makilogalamu 55 | 0.9% | 4.5% | 11000 ga |
| Olimba, Sr. | Makilogalamu 25 | ~ | |||
| Zamadzimadzi, F | Makilogalamu 70 | Makilogalamu 4000 | 1.8% | 9% | 5714 ga |
| Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 4 | Makilogalamu 50 | 8% | 40% | 1250 ga |
| Nthaka, Zn | 0.3 mg | 12 mg | 2.5% | 12.5% | 4000 ga |
| Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
| Wowuma ndi dextrins | 0.1 ga | ~ | |||
| Mono- ndi disaccharides (shuga) | 3.1 ga | maulendo 100 г | |||
| Mafuta okhutira | |||||
| Mafuta okhutira | 0.087 ga | maulendo 18.7 г | |||
| Mafuta a Polyunsaturated acids | |||||
| Omega-3 mafuta acids | 0.021 ga | kuchokera 0.9 mpaka 3.7 | 2.3% | 11.5% | |
| Omega-6 mafuta acids | 0.043 ga | kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 16.8 | 0.9% | 4.5% |
Mphamvu ndi 20 kcal.
- vitamini A imayambitsa chitukuko chabwinobwino, ntchito yobereka, khungu ndi maso, komanso kuteteza chitetezo chamthupi.
- B-carotene ndi provitamin A ndipo ali ndi zida za antioxidant. 6 mcg wa beta-carotene ndi wofanana ndi 1 mcg wa vitamini A.
- vitamini C amatenga nawo mbali pakuchita redox, magwiridwe antchito amthupi, amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo. Kulephera kumabweretsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'kamwa, kutuluka magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuperewera kwa magazi komanso kufooka kwa ma capillaries amwazi.
- vitamini K amayendetsa magazi. Kusowa kwa vitamini K kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito magazi, zomwe zimatsitsa prothrombin m'magazi.
- Silicon Imaphatikizidwa ngati gawo lazomangamanga mu glycosaminoglycans ndipo imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka collagen.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Molybdenum ndi cofactor wa michere yambiri yomwe imapatsa mphamvu kupangika kwa sulfure wokhala ndi amino acid, purines ndi pyrimidines.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.