Tangoganizani kuti sikweya mita iliyonse ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja padziko lonse lapansi yadzaza ndi matumba 15 a golosale odzaza ndi zinyalala zapulasitiki - ndiye kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikulowa m'nyanja padziko lonse lapansi m'chaka chimodzi chokha. , dziko limatulutsa matani 3,5 miliyoni a pulasitiki ndi zinyalala zina tsiku lililonse, zomwe ndi zaka 10 kuposa zaka 100 zapitazo. Ndipo United States ndiye mtsogoleri wosatsutsika pano, akupanga matani 250 miliyoni a zinyalala pachaka - pafupifupi 2 kg ya zinyalala pa munthu patsiku.
Koma panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chiŵerengero chomawonjezereka cha anthu akupereka miyoyo yawo ku ntchito yotaya ziro. Zina mwa izo zimatulutsa zinyalala zazing’ono kwambiri pachaka moti zonse zimatha kulowa m’chitini wamba. Anthu amenewa amakhala ndi moyo wamakono, ndipo chikhumbo chofuna kuchepetsa zinyalala chimawapulumutsa ndalama ndi nthawi komanso amalemeretsa moyo wawo.
Katherine Kellogg ndi m'modzi mwa anthu omwe achepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe sizinapangidwe kapena kubwezeredwanso mpaka kukwanira mu chitini chimodzi. Panthawiyi, anthu ambiri a ku America amatulutsa zinyalala zolemera makilogalamu 680 pachaka.
“Timasunganso pafupifupi $5000 pachaka pogula zatsopano m’malo mopakidwa, kugula zochuluka, ndi kupanga zinthu zathu tokha monga zoyeretsera ndi zonunkhiritsa,” akutero Kellogg, amene amakhala ndi mwamuna wake m’kanyumba kakang’ono ku Vallejo, California.
Kellogg ali ndi blog komwe amagawana tsatanetsatane wa moyo wopanda ziro, komanso upangiri wothandiza ndi chitsogozo kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuyamba moyo wopanda ziro. M'zaka zitatu, adakhala ndi owerenga 300 pafupipafupi pabulogu yake komanso mkati.
"Ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri ali okonzeka kuchepetsa zinyalala," akutero Kellogg. Komabe, iye safuna kuti anthu adzipachikidwa poyesa kuyika zinyalala zonse mu malata amodzi. "Kusokoneza ziro kumafuna kuchepetsa zinyalala komanso kuphunzira kupanga zisankho mwanzeru. Ingochitani zomwe mungathe ndikugula zochepa. ”
Ntchito yogwira ntchito
Ku koleji, chifukwa choopa khansa ya m'mawere, Kellogg anayamba kuwerenga malemba omwe amamusamalira komanso kufunafuna njira zochepetsera thupi lake kukhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe angakhale oopsa. Anapeza njira zina ndikuyamba kupanga zopangira zake. Monga owerenga blog yake, Kellogg adaphunzira kuchokera kwa anthu ena, kuphatikizapo Lauren Singer, mlembi wa blog yotchuka. Woimbayo adayamba kuchepetsa zinyalala zake monga wophunzira zachilengedwe mu 2012, zomwe zidakula kwambiri kukhala wokamba nkhani, mlangizi, komanso wogulitsa. Ali ndi masitolo awiri opangidwa kuti apangitse moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa aliyense amene akufuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala m'miyoyo yawo.
Pali gulu lapaintaneti lomwe limakonda kugawana malingaliro okhudzana ndi moyo wopanda zinyalala, pomwe anthu amagawananso nkhawa zawo ndikuthandizirana pomwe abwenzi ndi abale sagawana chikhumbo cha moyo wopanda zinyalala ndipo akuwona kuti ndi zachilendo. "Aliyense amawopa kukanidwa akayesa kuyamba kuchita zosiyana," akutero Kellogg. "Koma palibe chovuta pakutsuka madontho akukhitchini ndi chopukutira m'malo mwa pepala."
Njira zambiri zothandizira kuchepetsa zinyalala zinali zofala isanafike nthawi ya mapulasitiki ndi zotayira. Ganizirani zansalu zopukutira ndi mipango, viniga ndi madzi oyeretsera, zotengera zamagalasi kapena zitsulo, matumba ogulitsa nsalu. Zothetsera zamasukulu akale ngati izi siziwononga ndipo zimakhala zotsika mtengo pakapita nthawi.
Kodi chizolowezi ndi chiyani
Kellogg amakhulupirira kuti chinsinsi chothandizira kuchepetsa zinyalala ndikukayikira zomwe zili zachilendo ndikuganiza kunja kwa bokosi. Monga chitsanzo chimodzi, akunena kuti amakonda tortilla koma amadana ndi kuwapanga, ndipo ndithudi sakufuna kugula tortilla zopakidwa m'sitolo. Chifukwa chake adapeza yankho: gulani ma tortilla atsopano kumalo odyera aku Mexico. Malo odyera amakhala okondwa kudzazanso zotengera zakudya za Kellogg ndi ma tortilla ake chifukwa zimamupulumutsa ndalama.
"Njira zambiri zochepetsera zinyalalazi ndizosavuta," akutero. "Ndipo njira iliyonse yochepetsera zinyalala ndi njira yoyenera."
Rachel Felous wa ku Cincinnati, Ohio, adachitapo kanthu mu Januware 2017 ndikuchepetsa zinyalala zake kukhala thumba limodzi pachaka. Felus anadabwa ndi kusangalala ndi mmene zimenezi zinakhudzira moyo wake.
"Ziro zinyalala ndizabwino," akutero. “Ndapeza gulu labwino kwambiri, ndapeza mabwenzi atsopano, ndipo ndili ndi mwayi watsopano.”
Ngakhale kuti Felus nthawi zonse amasamala za chilengedwe, sanaganizirenso za kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe amawononga mpaka atasamuka. Apa ndipamene anazindikira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zidasokonekera mnyumba mwake, kuphatikiza shampu yogwiritsidwa ntchito theka ndi mabotolo owongolera. Atangowerenga nkhani yonena za kuchepetsa zinyalala, anaganiza zoti aiganizire mozama. Felus amakambanso za kulimbana kwake ndi zinyalala ndi zovuta ndi kupambana panjira yake.
Pakati pa 75 ndi 80 peresenti ya kulemera kwa zinyalala zonse zapakhomo ndi zinyalala zomwe zimatha kupangidwa ndi manyowa ndi kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka. Felous amakhala m’nyumba zogonamo, motero amaika zinyalala zake mufiriji. Kamodzi pamwezi amakapereka zinyalalazo kunyumba kwa makolo ake, kumene mlimi wa m’deralo amazitolera kuti azikadyetsa ziweto kapena kupanga manyowa. Ngati zinyalala za organic zikathera kutayirako, sizikhala ndi kompositi chifukwa mpweya wa mmenemo sungathe kuyendayenda bwino.
Felus, yemwe amayendetsa bizinesi yake yopanga ukonde komanso kujambula zithunzi, akuwonetsa kuti muzikhala ndi moyo wopanda zinyalala pang'onopang'ono osati kudzikakamiza kwambiri. Kusintha kwa moyo ndi ulendo, ndipo sizichitika modzidzimutsa. Koma m'pofunika. Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake sindinayambe msanga,” akutero Felus.
Banja wamba
Sean Williamson adayamba kukhala moyo wosataya ziro zaka khumi zapitazo. Pomwe anansi ake okhala kunja kwa Toronto amanyamula matumba atatu kapena anayi a zinyalala kupita kumalo ozizira madzulo ozizira, Williamson amakhala wofunda ndikuwonera hockey pa TV. M’zaka khumi zimenezo, Williamson, mkazi wake, ndi mwana wake wamkazi anangonyamula matumba asanu ndi limodzi a zinyalala. “Timakhala moyo wabwinobwino kotheratu. Tidangochotsamo zinyalala,” akutero.
Williamson akuwonjezera kuti, mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, kuchepetsa zinyalala sikovuta. Iye anati: “Timagula zinthu zambiri kuti tisamapite kusitolo pafupipafupi, ndipo zimenezi zimatiwonongera ndalama komanso nthawi.
Williamson ndi mlangizi wamabizinesi okhazikika omwe cholinga chake ndikungowononga pang'ono m'mbali zonse za moyo. “Ndi njira yoganizira zopezera njira zabwino zochitira zinthu. Nditazindikira zimenezi, sindinafunikire kuchita khama kwambiri kuti ndipitirizebe kukhala ndi moyo umenewu,” akutero.
Zimathandiza Williamson kuti dera lake lili ndi mapulasitiki abwino, mapepala, ndi zitsulo zobwezeretsanso zitsulo, ndipo ali ndi malo kuseri kwa nyumba yake ya manyowa ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono aŵiri - m'chilimwe ndi m'nyengo yozizira - omwe amabala nthaka yachonde yambiri m'munda wake. Amagula zinthu mosamala, kuyesera kupeŵa kutayika kulikonse, ndipo amaona kuti kutaya zinthu kumawononganso ndalama: kulongedza katundu kumawonjezera mtengo wa katunduyo, ndiyeno timalipira ndalama zogulira ndi misonkho.
Kuti agule chakudya ndi zinthu zina popanda kulongedza katundu, amapita kumsika wapafupi. Ndipo ngati palibe chochita, amasiya phukusilo polipira. Masitolo amatha kugwiritsanso ntchito kapena kubwezeretsanso zopangira, ndipo pozisiya, ogula akuwonetsa kuti sakufuna mapeyala awo atakulungidwa mupulasitiki.
Ngakhale patatha zaka khumi tikukhala opanda zinyalala, malingaliro atsopano akadali akutuluka mmutu mwa Williamson. Amayesetsa kuchepetsa zinyalala m'lingaliro lalikulu - mwachitsanzo, osagula galimoto yachiwiri yomwe idzayimidwe 95% ya masana, ndikumeta m'madzi kuti asunge nthawi. Malangizo ake: ganizirani zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mopanda nzeru pamoyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Iye anati: “Mukasintha zimenezi, mudzakhala ndi moyo wosangalala komanso wosangalala.
Mfundo zisanu zamoyo zopanda zinyalala zochokera kwa akatswiri:
1. Kukana. Kanani kugula zinthu ndi zolongedza zambiri.
2. Chepetsani. Osagula zinthu zomwe simukuzifuna.
3. Gwiritsaninso ntchito. Sinthani zinthu zomwe zatha, gulani zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito kale kapena zogwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mabotolo achitsulo amadzi.
4. Kompositi. Mpaka 80% ya kulemera kwa zinyalala padziko lapansi kungakhale zinyalala za organic. M'malo otayiramo, zinyalala za organic siziwola bwino.
5. Yambitsaninso. Kubwezeretsanso kumafuna mphamvu ndi zinthu, koma kuli bwino kusiyana ndi kutumiza zinyalala kumalo otayirako kapena kuziponya m’mbali mwa msewu.