Kuti timvetsetse matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis, choyamba ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti shuga ndiye mafuta ofunikira m'thupi lathu. Pamene thupi likusowa, kwa nthawi yayitali, m'malo mwake limachokera ku mafuta osungiramo mafuta kuti asakhale ndi mphamvu. Ngati m'magazi mulibe insulini yokwanira, zomwe nthawi zina zimachitika mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, maselo sangathenso kugwiritsa ntchito shuga omwe amapezeka m'magazi. Chifukwa insulin ndi mahomoni - opangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi kapamba - omwe amathandiza kubweretsa shuga m'maselo a ubongo, minofu ya adipose, chiwindi ndi chigoba. Chifukwa chake imasunga shuga m'magazi pamikhalidwe yabwinobwino.

Ndi acidocétose

Kuperewera kwa insulini kukakhala kwakukulu, thupi, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito shuga, limakakamizika kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kuti likhale ndi mphamvu. Zimagwira ntchito, koma vuto ndiloti kuthyola mafutawa kumapanga ma ketoni, kapena acetone. Komabe, matupi a ketone awa ndi zinyalala. Thupi limatha kuchotsa zinthu zapoizoni izi… mpaka pomwe. Pakachulukirachulukira, amadzipeza "atathedwa nzeru". "Maketoni ndi acidic. Mwa kudziunjikira m’mwazi, amapangitsa kukhala asidi kwambiri,” akudandaula motero Pulofesa Boris Hansel, katswiri woona za zakudya m’thupi pachipatala cha Bichat ku Paris (APHP). "Ndi ketoacidosis, vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga. Zimakhudza anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe sangathe kukhala popanda insulin. ” Chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala odwala matenda amtundu woyamba, nthawi zina amtundu wachiwiri.

Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis amawonetsedwa ndi "kuwonda kwakukulu komanso kofulumira, ludzu lalikulu, kufuna kukodza kwambiri, kutopa. Munthu wokhudzidwayo amakhalanso ndi mpweya wa apulo, chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa acetone, "akufotokoza Pulofesa Hansel. Kupuma mofulumira, kupweteka m'mimba, nseru ndi kusanza zingathenso kuchitika. Monga ngati kutaya madzi m'thupi, popeza timakodza kwambiri.

Kukula kwa jakisoni wa insulin, komanso maphunziro a odwala, kwachepetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis. "Koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, makamaka kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, omwe sanawazindikire," akuumiriza Pulofesa Hansel. Mwa ana, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a milandu, ndi gawo la matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis omwe amawulula matenda a shuga 1 (pamene kapamba satulutsanso insulin yokwanira). Ichi ndichifukwa chake zizindikiro zina mwa ana - ludzu lalikulu, kufuna kukodza pafupipafupi, kutopa, kuchepa thupi… - ziyenera kupangitsa makolo kuganiza kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndikufunsira. Ditto ngati adayambanso kunyowetsa bedi pomwe anali "woyera". Zonsezi ndizizindikiro za hyperglycemia. Zowonjezereka ngati pali mbiri m'banja. Zizindikiro zoyamba nthawi zambiri zimatengera matenda ena. Koma kukaonana ndi dokotala kudzakuthandizani kupeza matenda oyenera popanda kutaya nthawi. Kudziwa zizindikiro za hyperglycemia mwa mwana ndikofunika kwambiri: kungathandizedi kuteteza ngozi. Ngoziyi imathanso kuchitika chifukwa choyiwala mlingo wa insulin, insulin yotengedwa yocheperako, chithandizo cha matenda a shuga osasamalidwa bwino. Kapena zimachitika pambuyo pa matenda monga chimfine: matendawa angafunike mlingo woposa wamba wa insulin. Kuchotsa dzino, kusalolera m'mimba, ulendo wautali ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa.

Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis amayamba mkati mwa maola, kapena masiku. Pulofesa Hansel anachenjeza kuti: “Zimenezi n’zadzidzidzi. Pakukayikira pang'ono, kusinthika kumodzi kokha: kutenga njira yadzidzidzi. Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis ndi ngozi yowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa ikapanda chithandizo, imatha kuyambitsa chikomokere. Timalankhula za "ketoacidosis coma". Zingathe ngakhale kuika moyo wa wozunzidwayo pangozi.

Hyperglycemia, ndi acetone mumkodzo kapena m'magazi, "zizindikiro" za matendawa. Ngati ali ndi hyperglycemia (ndiko kuti, shuga wamagazi woposa 2,5 g / l), wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'ana mwadongosolo kupezeka kwa matupi a ketone mumkodzo wake (ndi zingwe za mkodzo) kapena m'magazi ake (wokhala ndi matupi a ketone). glucometer yamagazi). Ngati zili choncho, ayenera kupita kuchipatala mosazengereza, kuti akalandire chithandizo chogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa kale.

Ketoacidosis ndi vuto ladzidzidzi lomwe limafunikira kuchipatala. Chithandizocho chimazikidwa pazipilala zitatu: "Kupereka insulin, nthawi zambiri kudzera m'mitsempha, kuti muchepetse shuga m'magazi, kuti mukhale ndi madzi okwanira, kuwonjezera potaziyamu." "Pakangotha ​​​​maola 8 mpaka 12, zonse zabwerera mwakale… bola ngati sizitenga nthawi kuti ayambe kulandira chithandizo. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana m'mbuyo, kuti mudziwe chomwe chinayambitsa chochitika ichi, ndipo potero mupewe kuti zisachitikenso. Popewa, kuti mupewe ngozi yotere, ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha matenda a shuga iyenera kutsatiridwa mpaka kalekale. Mwanjira ina, kuwongolera shuga m'magazi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kwambiri, tsiku lililonse, kangapo patsiku. Ndipo kukhalapo kwa matupi a ketone kuyenera kuyesedwa mwamsanga pakangochitika hyperglycemia. Zomangamanga, zachidziwikire, koma ndizofunikira kuti mukhale mwamtendere ndi matenda anu a shuga.