M'mbiri, UK yakhala ikukangana kwambiri pankhani ya nkhanza za nyama komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nyama pakufufuza. Mabungwe angapo okhazikitsidwa bwino ku UK monga (National Anti-Vivisection Society) ndi (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) awunikira nkhanza za nyama ndikupeza chithandizo cha anthu kuti aziyendetsa bwino kafukufuku wa zinyama. Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi chotchuka chofalitsidwa mu 1975 chinadabwitsa oŵerenga magazini a The Sunday People ndipo chinali ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu pa lingaliro la kuyesa nyama.
Kuyambira pamenepo, miyezo yamakhalidwe ofufuza nyama yasintha kwambiri kuti ikhale yabwinoko, koma UK ikadali ndi imodzi mwamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri yoyesera nyama ku Europe. Mu 2015, panali njira zoyesera zomwe zinkachitika pa zinyama zosiyanasiyana.
Malamulo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito zinyama pa kafukufuku woyesera amachokera pa mfundo zitatu, zomwe zimatchedwanso "ma Rs atatu" (kusintha, kuchepetsa, kukonzanso): m'malo (ngati n'kotheka, m'malo mwa kuyesa nyama ndi njira zina zofufuzira), kuchepetsa (ngati palibe njira ina, ntchito zoyesera monga nyama zochepa momwe zingathere) ndi kusintha (kuwongolera njira zochepetsera ululu ndi kuvutika kwa nyama zoyesera).
Mfundo ya "ma R atatu" ndi maziko a ndondomeko zambiri zomwe zilipo padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo Directive of the European Parliament ndi Council of the European Union ya September 22, 2010 pa chitetezo cha nyama. Mwa zina zofunika, lamuloli limakhazikitsa miyezo yochepa ya nyumba ndi chisamaliro ndipo imafuna kuunika kwa ululu, kuzunzika ndi kuvulala kwanthawi yayitali kwa nyama. Chifukwa chake, osachepera ku European Union, mbewa ya labotale iyenera kusamalidwa bwino ndi anthu odziwa zambiri omwe amayenera kusunga nyama zomwe zimatsimikizira thanzi lawo komanso moyo wawo wokhala ndi zoletsa zochepa pazosowa zamakhalidwe.
Mfundo ya "ma Rs atatu" imazindikiridwa ndi asayansi ndi anthu ngati muyeso wovomerezeka wovomerezeka. Koma funso n’lakuti: n’chifukwa chiyani mfundo imeneyi imagwira ntchito pa nkhani yogwiritsa ntchito nyama pofufuza? N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi sizikugwiranso ntchito pa ziweto za m’mafamu ndiponso kupha nyama?
Poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha nyama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera, chiwerengero cha nyama zomwe zimaphedwa chaka chilichonse chimakhala chochuluka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2014 ku UK, nyama zonse zomwe zinaphedwa zinali . Chotsatira chake, ku UK, chiwerengero cha nyama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera ndi pafupifupi 0,2% ya chiwerengero cha nyama zomwe zimaphedwa popanga nyama.
, yochitidwa ndi kampani yaku Britain yofufuza za msika ku Ipsos MORI mu 2017, idawonetsa kuti 26% ya anthu aku Britain angathandizire kuletsa kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito nyama pakuyesa, komabe 3,25% yokha ya omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu sanadye. nyama nthawi imeneyo. N’chifukwa chiyani pali kusiyana koteroko? Chotero anthu samasamala kwenikweni za nyama zimene amadya kuposa nyama zimene amagwiritsira ntchito pofufuza?
Kuti tipitirize kutsatira mfundo za makhalidwe abwino, tiyenera kuchitira mofanana nyama zonse zimene anthu amagwiritsa ntchito pa cholinga chilichonse. Koma ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mfundo yofanana ya “ma Rs atatu” pakugwiritsa ntchito nyama popanga nyama, izi zikutanthauza kuti:
1) Ngati n'kotheka, nyama ya nyama iyenera kusinthidwa ndi zakudya zina (mfundo yolowa m'malo).
2) Ngati palibe njira ina, ndiye kuti nyama zocheperako zokha zomwe zimafunikira kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zazakudya ziyenera kudyedwa (mfundo yochepetsera).
3) Popha nyama, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti achepetse ululu ndi kuvutika kwawo (mfundo yabwino).
Choncho, ngati mfundo zonse zitatuzi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupha nyama popanga nyama, malonda a nyama adzatha.
Kalanga, n’zokayikitsa kuti miyezo ya makhalidwe abwino idzatsatiridwa mogwirizana ndi nyama zonse posachedwapa. Miyezo iwiri yomwe ilipo pokhudzana ndi nyama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera ndi zomwe zimaphedwa kuti zidye ndizokhazikika mu zikhalidwe ndi malamulo. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti anthu angagwiritse ntchito ma Rs atatuwo posankha zochita, kaya anthu akudziwa kapena ayi.
Malinga ndi bungwe lachifundo la The Vegan Society, kuchuluka kwa ma vegans ku UK kumapangitsa veganism kukhala njira yomwe ikukula mwachangu. amati amayesa kupeŵa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotengedwa kapena kuphatikizirapo nyama. Kupezeka kwa nyama zoloŵa m'malo kwawonjezeka m'masitolo, ndipo kachitidwe ka ogula kakusintha kwambiri.
Mwachidule, palibe chifukwa chomveka chosagwiritsira ntchito "ma Rs atatu" pakugwiritsa ntchito nyama popanga nyama, popeza mfundoyi imayang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito nyama poyesera. Koma sizikukambidwanso pokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyama popanga nyama - ndipo ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha miyezo iwiri.