Pali kusamvana komwe kukukulirakulira pakati pa anthu, akuluakulu aboma akuwonetsa kusachita bwino, ndipo timakhala opanda mphamvu ndi mantha. Kodi mungayang'ane pati zothandizira muzochitika zotere? Tikuyesera kuyang'ana moyo wa anthu kudzera m'maso mwa katswiri wa ndale Ekaterina Shulman.
Kuposa chaka chapitacho, tinayamba kutsatira mwachidwi zofalitsa ndi zokamba za wasayansi wandale Ekaterina Shulman: tinachita chidwi ndi kumveka kwa ziweruzo zake ndi kumveka kwa chinenero chake. Ena amamutcha kuti "collective psychotherapist." Tinayitanira katswiri ku ofesi ya akonzi kuti tiwone momwe izi zimachitikira.
Psychology: Pali malingaliro akuti chinachake chofunika kwambiri chikuchitika padziko lapansi. Kusintha kwapadziko lonse komwe kumalimbikitsa anthu ena, pomwe ena amadandaula.
Ekaterina Shulman: Zomwe zikuchitika pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "kusintha kwachuma kwachinayi". Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Choyamba, kufalikira kwa robotics, automation and informatization, kusintha kwa zomwe zimatchedwa "post-labor economics". Ntchito ya anthu imatenga mitundu ina, popeza kupanga mafakitale mwachiwonekere kukuyenda m'manja amphamvu a maloboti. Phindu lalikulu silidzakhala zinthu zakuthupi, koma mtengo wowonjezera - zomwe munthu akuwonjezera: kulenga kwake, malingaliro ake.
Gawo lachiwiri lakusintha ndikuwonetsetsa. Zinsinsi, monga zimamvekera kale, zikutisiya ndipo, mwachiwonekere, sizidzabwerera, tidzakhala pagulu. Koma boma lidzakhalanso poyera kwa ife. Kale tsopano, chithunzi cha mphamvu chatsegulidwa padziko lonse lapansi, momwe mulibe amuna anzeru a Ziyoni ndi ansembe ovala miinjiro, koma pali osokonezeka, osaphunzira kwambiri, odzikonda komanso osamvera chisoni anthu omwe amachita zinthu zawo. zilakolako mwachisawawa.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa za kusintha kwa ndale zomwe zikuchitika padziko lapansi: kuchotseratu mphamvu, kuchotsedwa kwa halo yake yopatulika yachinsinsi.
Zikuoneka kuti padzikoli pali anthu ambiri opanda nzeru.
Kusintha kwa intaneti, makamaka kupezeka kwa intaneti kuchokera kuzipangizo zam'manja, kwabweretsa pagulu la anthu omwe sanachitepo nawo gawo m'mbuyomu. Kuchokera apa pali kumverera kuti kulikonse kuli kodzaza ndi anthu osaphunzira omwe akuyankhula zopanda pake, ndipo malingaliro aliwonse opusa ali ndi kulemera kofanana ndi lingaliro lokhazikitsidwa bwino. Zikuoneka kwa ife kuti khamu la anthu ankhanza abwera kudzavota ndipo akuvotera ena ngati iwo. M'malo mwake, izi ndi demokalase. M'mbuyomu, iwo omwe anali ndi zothandizira, chikhumbo, mwayi, nthawi adatenga nawo gawo pachisankho ...
Ndipo chidwi china…
Inde, kutha kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika, chifukwa chiyani kuvota, ndi ndani kapena chipani chomwe chikugwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda. Izi zimafuna khama lalikulu laluntha. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, kuchuluka kwa chuma ndi maphunziro m’magulu a anthu—makamaka m’dziko loyamba—kwakwera kwambiri. Malo azidziwitso atsegulidwa kwa aliyense. Aliyense sanalandire ufulu wolandira ndikufalitsa uthenga, komanso ufulu wolankhula.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene ndimaona ngati zifukwa zokhalira ndi chiyembekezo? Ndimakhulupirira chiphunzitso cha kuchepetsa chiwawa
Ichi ndi kusintha kofanana ndi kupangidwa kwa makina osindikizira. Komabe, njira zomwe timaziona ngati zodabwitsa sizimawononga anthu. Pali kukonzanso mphamvu, machitidwe opangira zisankho. Nthawi zambiri, demokalase imagwira ntchito. Kukopa anthu atsopano omwe sanachite nawo ndale m'mbuyomu ndikuyesa dongosolo la demokalase. Koma ndikuwona kuti pakadali pano atha kupirira, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti pamapeto pake apulumuka. Tiye tiyembekeze kuti machitidwe omwe sanakwaniritsidwe ma demokalase sangagwe mumsampha wa mayesowa.
Kodi kukhala nzika watanthauzo kungaoneke bwanji mu demokalase yosakhwima kwenikweni?
Palibe zinsinsi kapena njira zachinsinsi pano. Nthawi ya Information Age imatipatsa zida zazikulu zothandizira kulumikizana molingana ndi zokonda. Ndikutanthauza chidwi cha anthu, osati kutolera masitampu (ngakhale kuti izi zili bwinonso). Chidwi chanu monga nzika chingakhale chakuti simutseka chipatala m’dera lanu, kusadula paki, kumanga nsanja pabwalo lanu, kapena kugwetsa chinachake chimene mumakonda. Ngati mwalembedwa ntchito, ndizothandiza kuti ufulu wanu wogwira ntchito utetezedwe. Ndizodabwitsa kuti tilibe gulu la mabungwe ogwira ntchito - ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi ntchito.
Sizophweka kutenga ndikupanga mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito ...
Mukhoza kuganizira. Zindikirani kuti maonekedwe ake ndi ofunika kwa inu. Uku ndiye kulumikizana ndi zenizeni zomwe ndikuyitanira. Mgwirizano wa zokonda ndikukhazikitsa gululi lomwe limalowa m'malo mwa mabungwe aboma osatukuka komanso osagwira ntchito bwino.
Kuchokera mu 2012, takhala tikuchita kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wa ku Ulaya za umoyo wa anthu - Eurobarometer. Imaphunzira kuchuluka kwa maubwenzi a anthu, amphamvu ndi ofooka. Amphamvu ndi maubwenzi apamtima ndi kuthandizana, ndipo ofooka amangopatsirana chidziwitso, odziwana. Chaka chilichonse anthu m'dziko lathu amalankhula za kulumikizana kochulukirapo, kofooka komanso kolimba.
Mwina ndi zabwino?
Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri kotero kuti amabwezera kusakhutira ndi dongosolo la boma. Timaona kuti sitili tokha, ndipo tili ndi chisangalalo chosakwanira. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene (malinga ndi malingaliro ake) ali ndi mayanjano ambiri amayanjano amakonda kutenga ngongole: "Ngati pali chilichonse, adzandithandiza." Ndipo ku funso lakuti "Ngati ntchito yako itachotsedwa, kodi n'zosavuta kuti uyipeze?" akufunitsitsa kuyankha kuti: “Inde, m’masiku atatu!”
Kodi njira yothandizirayi ndi abwenzi ochezera?
kuphatikiza. Koma kugwirizana mu malo enieni kumathandizira kukula kwa chiwerengero cha maulumikizidwe enieni. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsenderezo cha boma la Soviet, chomwe chinaletsa atatu a ife kusonkhana, ngakhale kuwerenga Lenin, chinatha. Chuma chakula, ndipo tinayamba kumanga pazipinda zapamwamba za "piramidi ya Maslow", ndipo pakufunikanso ntchito yogwirizana, kuti avomerezedwe ndi mnansi.
Zambiri zomwe boma liyenera kutichitira, timadzipangira tokha chifukwa cha kulumikizana
Ndipo kachiwiri, informatization. Kale zinali bwanji? Munthu amachoka mumzinda wake kukaphunzira - ndipo ndizomwezo, amabwerera kumeneko kokha kumaliro a makolo ake. M'malo atsopano, amalenga kugwirizana kwa anthu kuyambira pachiyambi. Tsopano timanyamula malumikizano athu ndi ife. Ndipo timakhala osavuta kulumikizana ndi ena chifukwa cha njira zatsopano zolumikizirana. Zimakupatsirani malingaliro olamulira moyo wanu.
Kodi chidalirochi chimakhudza moyo waumwini kapena bomanso?
Timayamba kudalira kwambiri boma chifukwa ndife unduna wa zaumoyo ndi maphunziro athu, apolisi komanso ogwira ntchito m'malire. Zambiri zomwe boma liyenera kutichitira, timadzipangira tokha chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwathu. Chotsatira chake, chodabwitsa, pali chinyengo chakuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino, choncho, boma likugwira ntchito bwino. Ngakhale kuti sitimuona nthawi zambiri. Tinene kuti sitipita ku chipatala, koma muimbire dokotala mwachinsinsi. Timatumiza ana athu kusukulu yovomerezedwa ndi anzathu. Tikuyang'ana oyeretsa, anamwino ndi osamalira m'nyumba m'malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.
Ndiko kuti, timangokhala «pakati pathu», popanda kukhudza kupanga zisankho? Pafupifupi zaka zisanu zapitazo, zinkawoneka kuti kugwirizana kudzabweretsa kusintha kwenikweni.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu ndale mphamvu yoyendetsa si munthu payekha, koma bungwe. Ngati mulibe bungwe, mulibe, mulibe ndale. Tikufuna dongosolo: Society for the Protection of Women to Violence, bungwe la ogwira ntchito, chipani, mgwirizano wa makolo okhudzidwa. Ngati muli ndi dongosolo, mutha kuchitapo kanthu pazandale. Apo ayi, zochita zanu ndi episodic. Anapita m'misewu, anachoka. Kenako china chake chinachitika, iwo anachokanso.
Ndizopindulitsa komanso zotetezeka kukhala mu demokalase poyerekeza ndi maulamuliro ena
Kuti munthu akhale wotalikirapo, ayenera kukhala ndi bungwe. Kodi gulu lathu la anthu wachita bwino kuti? M'magulu a chikhalidwe cha anthu: kuyang'anira ndi kusunga, malo osungira odwala, kuchepetsa ululu, kuteteza ufulu wa odwala ndi akaidi. Zosintha m'maderawa zidachitika mokakamizidwa makamaka kuchokera ku mabungwe osachita phindu. Amalowa m'mabungwe azamalamulo monga makhonsolo a akatswiri, kulemba ma projekiti, kutsimikizira, kufotokoza, ndipo patapita kanthawi, mothandizidwa ndi atolankhani, kusintha kwa malamulo ndi machitidwe kumachitika.
Kodi sayansi yandale imakupatsani zifukwa zokhalira ndi chiyembekezo lerolino?
Zimatengera chomwe mumachitcha kuti chiyembekezo. Kuyembekezera zabwino ndi kukayika ndi malingaliro owunikira. Tikamalankhula za kukhazikika kwa ndale, kodi izi zimalimbikitsa chiyembekezo? Ena akuopa kulanda boma, pamene ena, mwinamwake, akungoyembekezera. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene ndimaona ngati zifukwa zokhalira ndi chiyembekezo? Ndimakhulupirira chiphunzitso chochepetsera chiwawa chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo Steven Pinker. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiwawa ndi ndendende boma lapakati, lomwe limatenga chiwawa m'manja mwake.
Palinso zifukwa zina. Malonda: wogula wamoyo ndi wopindulitsa kuposa mdani wakufa. Feminization: Amayi ambiri amatenga nawo gawo pazachikhalidwe cha anthu, chidwi pazikhalidwe za amayi chikukula. Kudalirana kwa mayiko: tikuwona kuti anthu amakhala paliponse ndipo palibe komwe amakhala ndi mutu wa galu. Pomaliza, kulowa kwa chidziwitso, liwiro komanso kumasuka kwa chidziwitso. M’dziko loyamba, nkhondo zachindunji, pamene magulu ankhondo aŵiri akumenyana wina ndi mnzake, n’zokayikitsa kale.
Ndiko koyipitsitsa komwe kuli kumbuyo kwathu?
Mulimonsemo, ndizopindulitsa komanso zotetezeka kukhala pansi pa demokalase poyerekeza ndi maulamuliro ena. Koma kupita patsogolo kumene tikunena sikukhudza dziko lonse lapansi. Pakhoza kukhala "matumba" a mbiriyakale, mabowo akuda momwe mayiko amagwera. Pomwe anthu akumayiko ena akusangalala ndi zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, kuphana mwaulemu, zikhulupiriro "zachikhalidwe", kukwapulidwa, matenda ndi umphawi zikuchulukirachulukira kumeneko. Chabwino, ndinganene chiyani - sindikufuna kukhala pakati pawo.