El Konyka

Konika ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka komanso yokongola kwambiri ya spruce yaku Canada. Kapena kani, masinthidwe ake achilengedwe.

Canadian spruce, komanso imvi spruce (Picea glauca) wobadwira ku North America. Kumeneko imatenga gawo lalikulu kuchokera ku Labrador kupita ku Alaska ndipo imamera m'malo ovuta kwambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale pa permafrost masika. Ichi ndi mtengo waukulu kwambiri, 25 - 35 m kutalika. Ndipo imodzi mwa spruces iyi ili ndi masinthidwe - mtengo wamtengo wapatali wakula, womwe unapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Canadian Lake Ligan mu 1904. Kutalika kwake sikudutsa 3 - 4 m - izi ndizochepa 10 kuposa za achibale ake. Ndipo amafika kutalika koteroko pokha ndi zaka 60. Kutalika kwa korona sikuposa 2 m (1). Wamaluwa adakonda chomera chachilendo ndipo adayamba kufalitsa.

Konika imakula pang'onopang'ono - imangowonjezera 3 - 6 cm pachaka. Chiwopsezo cha kukula kwachangu chikuwoneka pazaka 6 - 7 - panthawiyi chimawonjezeka pachaka ndi 10 cm. Ndipo kuyambira zaka 12 - 15, kukula kwake kumachepa kwambiri ndipo sikudutsa 2 - 3 cm pa nyengo.

Mwa njira, Konik spruce ali ndi masinthidwe ake, omwe asanduka mitundu yosiyana.

Alberta Globe. Kusinthaku kudapezeka mu 1967 ku Holland. Ichi ndi chomera chaching'ono chokhala ndi korona wozungulira. Ali ndi zaka 10, ali ndi mainchesi 30 cm okha. Muzomera zazikulu, korona amafika kutalika kwa 90 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mpaka 120 cm. Singano ndi zobiriwira.

Blue Wonder (Blue Wonder). Kusintha kumeneku kunapezeka mu 1984 ku Germany (2). Imasiyanitsidwa ndi Konika wapachiyambi ndi korona wophatikizika kwambiri - pofika zaka 10 sipamwamba kuposa 70 cm, kutalika kwa mitengo yachikulire ndi pafupifupi 2 m, m'mimba mwake ndi 75 cm. Koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mtundu wa singano: uli ndi mtundu wa bluish.

White Daisy. Kusinthaku kunapezeka ku Belgium mu 1979. Korona wa mitundu iyi ndi piramidi, ali ndi zaka 10 sadutsa 80 cm. Ubwino waukulu wa spruce ndi mtundu wa mphukira zazing'ono: poyamba zimakhala zachikasu, kenako zimasanduka zoyera, kenako zimasanduka zobiriwira.

Chingwe (Gnom). Kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa Konik spruce - kumapereka kukula kwa 3-5 cm pachaka. Mtundu wa singano ndi imvi wobiriwira.

Laurin. Anapezeka mu 1950 ku Germany. Kusintha kwamtundu, kumakula pang'onopang'ono, kumangowonjezera 1,5 - 2,5 cm pachaka. Korona ndi wowerama. Singano ndi zobiriwira.

Kudzala mtengo wa dzombe

Vuto lalikulu la Konik spruce ndikuti korona wake amayaka kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa masika. Chifukwa chake ndikuti mitundu iyi ili ndi singano zofewa kwambiri komanso mizu yachiphamaso. Kumapeto kwa February - Marichi, dzuwa limakhala logwira ntchito, limatenthetsa singano, ndipo limayamba kutulutsa chinyezi. Ndipo mizu singapeze madzi, chifukwa ili mu nthaka yowuma. Zotsatira zake, singanozo zimauma. Vutoli limapezeka m'mitengo yambiri, mwachitsanzo, mu thuja ndi juniper, koma zaka 2-3 zokha. Ndipo Konika akhoza kutentha mpaka zaka 4 - 5. Ndipo ngati sanabzalidwe pamenepo, ndiye motalika.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake Konika sangabzalidwe m'malo otseguka - ngakhale pogona m'nyengo yozizira nthawi zina samamupulumutsa ku kutopa. Malo abwino kwa iye ndi pansi pa akorona a mitengo ikuluikulu ya coniferous, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa mapini. Kapena kuchokera kumpoto kwa nyumbayo, zomanga zakunja kapena mpanda wopanda kanthu. Zilibe phindu kubzala pansi pa mitengo yodula - m'nyengo yozizira amaima opanda masamba ndikulowetsa dzuwa lokwanira kuti liwononge mtengo wa Khirisimasi wosakhwima.

Popeza Koniks nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa m'mitsuko, sipafunika kukumba dzenje lalikulu la mbande - liyenera kukhala lokulirapo pang'ono kuposa chibulumwa chadothi. Ndizotheka kubzala mbande ndi mizu yotsekedwa (ZKS) kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.

Mukabzala, mmera uyenera kuthiriridwa bwino - zidebe 1 - 2, kutengera kukula kwa mbewu. Ndipo m'tsogolo, madzi osachepera kamodzi pa sabata mu ndowa.

Kusamalira spruce Konik

Popeza mitundu ya Konika ndi ya spruce ya ku Canada, idasungabe mbali yayikulu yamtunduwu - kukana chisanu (mpaka -40 ° C) ndipo imatha kukula m'madera onse komwe spruce yathu wamba imamera.

Ground

Spruce Konik amakonda dothi la loamy lokhala ndi chinyezi. Ngati dothi ndi lamchenga, dzenje lalikulu lobzala liyenera kukumbidwa ndi dothi la soddy, dongo ndi humus ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa pamenepo mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1.

Kuunikira

Tanena kale kuti Konik spruce salola dzuwa, choncho sankhani madera amthunzi.

Kuthirira

Mwachilengedwe, ma spruce aku Canada amamera pa dothi lonyowa, nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pafupi ndi madambo, ndipo Konica spruce adatengera chikondi cha chinyezi kuchokera kwa makolo ake. Iyenera kuthiriridwa pafupipafupi - kamodzi pa sabata, ndowa yamadzi pamtengo. Ndipo kutentha kwambiri - 1 pa sabata. Ngati izi sizingatheke, bwalo la thunthu liyenera kukumbidwa ndi pine kapena makungwa a larch, kapena ndi utuchi wa coniferous ndi wosanjikiza wa 2-7 cm - amachepetsa kutulutsa chinyezi m'nthaka.

Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira, ndizothandiza kutsanulira payipi pamtengo korona kamodzi pa sabata.

feteleza

Pa nthaka yachonde pobzala feteleza sangagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kwa osauka, ndi bwino kuwonjezera ndowa ya humus ku dzenje lobzala.

Kudyetsa

Konik spruce imatha kukula popanda kuvala pamwamba. Koma kuti korona ikhale yowala komanso yowoneka bwino, makamaka ikayaka mchaka, pakati pa Epulo, feteleza wapadera wa conifers angagwiritsidwe ntchito pansi pake. Kapena humus - theka la chidebe pamtengo.

Pogona m'nyengo yozizira

Zaka zisanu zoyambirira mutabzala, Konik spruce iyenera kuphimbidwa m'nyengo yozizira kuti isapse. Nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti azikulunga mu burlap, koma iyi ndi njira yoyipa - kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, dzuwa likayamba kutentha, kutentha kumakwera kwambiri pansi pa burlap, kutentha kwa thupi kumapangidwa ndi singano, monga dzuwa. , yambani kutulutsa chinyezi mwachangu ndikuwuma. Kuphatikiza apo, pansi pa burlap, imawolanso.

Ndi bwino kuphimba Konika ndi nthambi za coniferous: pine kapena spruce. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyika ndodo zolimba ngati kanyumba mozungulira mtengo ndikuyika nthambi za coniferous kwa iwo kuti aphimbe mbewuyo kwathunthu, pansi.

Kubala kwa spruce Konik

Kuti musunge zizindikiro zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, Konik spruce iyenera kufalitsidwa ndi kudula. Koma njirayi ndi yovuta, kunena zoona, n'zosavuta kugula mmera. Koma ngati muli ndi chikhumbo ndi nthawi, mukhoza kuyesa.

Ndi bwino kutenga cuttings kuti muzule kumayambiriro kwa masika: kumapeto kwa March - theka loyamba la April. Ayenera kung'ambika pamodzi ndi chidendene - chidutswa cha khungwa la thunthu. Ndipo makamaka pa tsiku mitambo. Kutalika koyenera kodula ndi 7-10 cm.

Zodulidwa zokolola ziyenera kusungidwa kwa tsiku limodzi ku Heteroauxin, chothandizira kupanga mizu. Pambuyo pake, amabzalidwa m'nthaka yachonde yopepuka pamtunda wa 30 °, kuzama ndi 2 - 3 cm. Kudula kulikonse kuli mumphika wosiyana.

Miphika yokhala ndi zodulidwa iyenera kuyikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena yokutidwa ndi mtsuko kapena pulasitiki. Kamodzi pa tsiku lobzala muyenera kutulutsa mpweya wabwino.

Zodulidwa za Konik spruce zimakhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali - kuyambira miyezi 6 mpaka chaka chimodzi. Nthawi yonseyi muyenera kuwathirira nthawi yake - nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Kamodzi pa masabata awiri aliwonse, heteroauxin iyenera kuwonjezeredwa m'madzi kuti ikhale yothirira.

Mizu yodulidwa imabzalidwa m'munda kumapeto kwa Epulo - kumapeto kwa Epulo. Choyamba, kusukulu - malo achinsinsi mumthunzi. Kumeneko akakhalenso chaka china. Ndipo pokhapo iwo akhoza kuziika ku malo okhazikika.

Matenda a spruce Konik

Tracheomycosis (fusarium). Chizindikiro choyamba cha matendawa ndi chophimba chofiira pa singano. Kenako imasanduka bulauni ndikuyamba kusweka. Matendawa amayamba ndi mafangasi omwe amawononga mizu ya mtengowo.

Tsoka ilo, ma pathological awa ndi osachiritsika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndizoopsa kwambiri - matendawa amalowa mwamsanga zomera zoyandikana nazo: spruce, pine, fir ndi larch. Njira yokhayo yoletsera mtengowo ndi kukumba mtengowo ndi mizu yake ndi kuuwotcha. Ndipo sakanizani nthaka ndi Fundazol (3).

Dzimbiri (spruce spinner). Zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa wa pathogenic. Matendawa amatha kudziwika ndi ang'onoang'ono, 0,5 masentimita awiri, kutupa kwalalanje pa khungwa. Singano zimasanduka zachikasu ndikugwa.

Paziwonetsero zoyamba za matendawa, ndikofunikira kudula ndikuwotcha nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa, kenako ndikuchiza mbewu ndi Hom (copper oxychloride) (3) kapena Rakurs.

Brown Shutte (chipale chofewa cha bulauni). Pali mitundu ingapo ya schütte, imakhudza kwambiri mitengo ya paini, koma schütte ya bulauni imapezekanso pamitengo ya spruce. Bowa wa pathogenic amakhazikika pa singano m'dzinja ndipo amakula mwachangu m'nyengo yozizira, pa mphukira zomwe zili pansi pa chisanu. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi singano zofiirira zokhala ndi zokutira zoyera.

Pochiza matendawa, mankhwala a Hom kapena Racurs amagwiritsidwa ntchito (3).

Tizilombo tinadya Chiwala

Spruce leaflet-needleworm. Ichi ndi njenjete yaying'ono. Akuluakulu alibe vuto, koma mphutsi zawo zimatha kuwononga kwambiri mitengo. Mbozi zimakhala mkati mwa singano - zimaluma pansi pawo ndikupanga migodi mkati. Pakapita nthawi, singanozo zimakutidwa ndi ulusi ndipo zimasweka ndi mphepo yamkuntho.

Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Calypso, Confidor kapena Engio.

Spider mite. Zizindikiro zoyamba zowonongeka zimatha kudziwika ndi mawanga achikasu pa singano. Ndi matenda amphamvu, mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi ma cobwebs, singano zimasanduka zofiirira ndikusweka. Spider mite imaswana mwachangu zaka zouma. M'nyengo yotentha, nkhupakupa zimapereka pafupifupi mibadwo isanu, kotero kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda chimachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe.

Mankhwala a Actellik kapena Fitoverm amathandizira kuchotsa tizirombo.

Spruce chishango chabodza. Tizilombo tating'ono toyamwa izi, zofanana ndi mipira ya bulauni, nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika pazitsamba zazing'ono - khungwa ndi singano. Mutha kuwazindikira ndi zokutira zawo zomata. Muzomera zomwe zakhudzidwa, singano zimasanduka zofiirira ndikugwa, nthambi zimapindika ndikuuma.

Mukhoza kuchotsa tizilombo kokha ndi zokhudza zonse mankhwala. Othandiza kwambiri mwa iwo ndi Aktara ndi Konfidor.

Matenda a Coniferous. Tizilombo toyamwa izi ndi zosadziwika ndi zina zilizonse - zimakhala ndi zoyera zoyera kumbuyo kwawo. M'zaka zouma, zimachulukana kwambiri kotero kuti mphukira zimakhala ngati zakutidwa ndi chisanu. Pazomera zomwe zakhudzidwa, singano zimasanduka zachikasu ndikupiringa.

Kuchotsa mphutsi kumathandiza mankhwala Pinocid.

Spruce sawfly. Ndi kachirombo kakang’ono kamene kamaoneka ngati ntchentche. Mphutsi zake zimawononga - zimadya singano. Sikophweka kuwawona - amadzibisa ngati mapini ndi singano. Mutha kuzindikira matendawa ndi mtundu wa singano zazing'ono - zimakhala zofiira-bulauni, koma nthawi yomweyo sizimagwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Polimbana ndi spruce sawfly, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala Pinocid. Komabe, sayenera kukonza korona wa mtengowo, komanso nthaka yozungulira, chifukwa mphutsi zimabisala pansi.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinafunsa za Konik agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mykhaylova - adayankha mafunso otchuka kwambiri a anthu okhala m'chilimwe.

Magwero a

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Zopangidwa ndi zomera zosatha za herbaceous, zamtengo wapatali komanso zowonongeka m'matawuni // Conifers of the boreal zone, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvenny rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
2. Kordes G. Picea glauca chomera chotchedwa Blue Wonder: pat. Mtengo wa PP10933 - 1999 https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP10933?oq=Picea+glauca+%27Sanders+Blue%27
3. Boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry- zambiri/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/