Endocarditis

Kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa matendawa

Endocarditis ndi njira yotupa yomwe imapezeka mkatikati mwa mtima (endocardium) ndipo imakhudza zida zamagetsi ndi maselo omwe amayenda pamwamba pazombo zomwe zili pafupi.

Nthawi zambiri, endocarditis ndimatenda ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka motsutsana ndi matenda ena, pomwe zaka sizigwirizana ndi matendawa (amatha kukhala ndi msinkhu uliwonse, popeza asayansi amawona mitundu yoposa 128 ya tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matendawa) .

Kutengera ndi zamankhwala, zizindikilo za etiological ndi morphological, endocarditis itha kukhala:

• Opatsirana (pachimake) - nawonso, amatha kukhala mabakiteriya kapena septic - amakhudza kuyika kwa mavavu amtima, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa kulephera kwa mtima, matenda amtima, arrhythmias, hypertrophy, ngakhale matenda amtima.
• Matenda kapena subacute (otalika) - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: pneumococci kapena streptococci, zimakhudza mavavu am'mapapo, pomwe ma thrombotic deposits ndi zilonda zimachitika. Pakapita nthawi yayitali, imayambitsa kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imatha kubweretsa vuto la mtima lachiwalo komwe kutsekeka kunachitika. Komanso, ndulu imakulirakulira, pamakhala kuchepa kwama magazi mwachangu.
• Parietal fibroplastic eosinophilic (apo ayi amatchedwa Leffler's endocarditis) - pamakhala kuchuluka kwama eosinophil m'magazi ndi fibrosis ya parietal endocardium, chifukwa chomwe zipinda za mtima zimatha kukhuthala kapena, kuchepera.

Leocler's endocarditis imachitika magawo atatu:

1. 1 zovuta (necrotic) siteji, yomwe nthawi yake imakhala mpaka masabata 6. Njira yotupa imakhudza gawo lakumtunda kwa mtima ndi ma ventricles. Maselo okufa amadzikundikira eosinophil, maselo am'magazi a m'magazi ndi ma lymphocyte. Mawonetseredwe awa amatha kufalikira kuzombo za ziwalo zamkati ndi khungu.
2. 2 zokhumudwitsa, pomwe pali mapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi azithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumanzere kwamitsempha ya endocardium, chifukwa chake endocardium imakhuthala ndi zone yokhala ndi maselo ambiri amwazi ndi zotengera zimapangidwa. Tisaiwale kuti pa nthawi imeneyi ena minofu ulusi manja, pamene ena hypertrophy. Chifukwa cha njirazi, focal sclerosis imayamba ndipo minofu yatsopano (yaying'ono) imayamba kukula.
3. 3 gawo la fibrosis… Pakadali pano, minofu ya mtima ndiyopapatiza, zingwe za tendon zimakhala ndi zipsera (pakadali pano vuto la mtima limatha. Sclerosis imadziwika, komanso kukhathamira kwa endocardium ndi zotengera zomwe zimayandikana nayo. zombozo zikupitirirabe.

• Non-opatsirana thromboendocarditis - kumachitika chifukwa kuledzera mkati ndi kunja, ndi senile marasmus ndi anthu ofooka chitetezo chokwanira. Vuto lamanzere lakumapeto kwa endocarditis valavu limakhudzidwa, pomwe pamwamba pake pamakhala matambasula a thrombotic (zizindikiro za njira yotupa sizingawoneke kapena kuwonetsedwa mopanda tanthauzo ngati mawonekedwe a fibroblasts, macrophages ndi monocytes m'malo omwe akhudzidwa).
• Rheumatic - choyambitsa chachikulu ndi rheumatism, yomwe imafalitsa kutupa kwa matumbo a tendon, minofu yolumikizana yamavalo amtima. Endocarditis yamtunduwu imatha kupitilira motere: kufalikira (kutupa kwa endocarditis kumawonedwa, koma osawonongeka kwa endothelial minofu; pochiza rheumatism munthawi yake, palibe zotsatirapo), pachimake warty (imayamba pomwe endothelium yawonongeka kwambiri; pa Pamwamba, kuchokera kumbali yotuluka magazi, zophukira zimawoneka ngati ma tubercles ofiira - njerewere, zomwe zimakhala ndi fibrin ndi maselo amwazi), ma warty omwe amabwereranso (zosintha ndizofanana ndi zam'mbuyomu, ma warts okhawo amapezeka kale pamakoma a valavu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi sclerosis) ndi fibroplastic - ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a endocarditis omwe ali pamwambapa, momwe kufa kwaminyewa kumayambira, kuli kuchuluka kwa maselo amwazi, chifukwa chake ziphuphu za valavu (aortic ndi mitral) zimatha kuchitika.

Zizindikiro zotheka za endocarditis:

1. 1 malungo limodzi ndi thukuta ndi kuzizira (chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira);
2. Kutentha kwa 2 (zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndizotheka: mutha kuvutika miyezi ingapo kuchokera kutentha kwakukulu, kapena mutha kutentha kwambiri masiku angapo, kenako mubwerere mwakale, koma njira yotupa yamkati ipitilira);
3. 3 m'mnyewa wamtima phokoso;
4. 4 kufooka, kupweteka mutu;
5. 5 mawonekedwe a khungu loyera lachikaso, mawanga pa thunthu, mapazi ndi mitengo ya kanjedza;
6. 6 kupezeka kwa kutayika kwazing'ono zazing'ono pamatumbo;
7. Zala za 7 zala ndi phalanges zitha kukhala ngati ndodo;
8. 8 exudative kapena youma pericarditis;
9. 9 zikuluzikulu mwanabele;
10. 10 impso, nephritis;
11. 11 kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yam'mimba ndi valavu (mitral kapena aortic);
12. 12 kulephera kwa mtima.

Zina mwazizindikirozi zidzakhalapo ngati chithunzi chazachipatala chimawonetsedwa. Mwina matendawa amapitilira popanda zizindikiro. Ndi zizindikilo zambiri zotere, zimatha kuzindikirika molakwika - iyi ndiye ngozi yayikulu komanso chinyengo cha endocarditis.

Chenjerani!

Otsogolerawo sali ndi udindo uliwonse poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa, ndipo sizikutsimikizira kuti sizikukuvulazani. Zipangizozo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuperekera chithandizo chamankhwala ndikupanga matenda. Nthawi zonse muzifunsa dokotala wanu!