Zipatso zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pamsika wabwino uliwonse kapena m'sitolo yayikulu zimagawika Magulu a 3:
Zotsalira zokolola zomaliza
· Zogulitsa kunja
Zomera kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha
Gulu lililonse lili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake, koma ndizosangalatsanso kwa ogula munyengo zosiyanasiyana za chaka. Zachidziwikire, wogulitsa aliyense amatengera zomwe amagulitsa, kuwonetsetsa kuti ndiwo zamasamba kapena zipatso zake ndi zachilengedwe zokha, zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri komanso zimakula m'malo oyenera. Koma n'zosavuta kukumbukira momwe ogula ozindikira amadabwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi mabulosi ofiira ofiira pakati pa nyengo yozizira, mabulosi ndi mabulosi osankhidwa ndi alimi okoma mtima, okongola komanso ofanana kukula kwake, koma, tsoka, kawirikawiri amakhala ndi chidziwitso chakutali. kukoma ndi fungo. Kodi zipatso zotere zimabzalidwa bwanji ndipo ndi zoopsa kuzidya? Tiyeni tione bwinobwino.
Kutsindika pa mathamangitsidwe
Malinga ndi deta ya Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness, mu 2017 gawo la zogulitsa kunja kwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya zipatso ku Russia lidakwera ndi matani 12,9 poyerekeza ndi 2016, mwa kuyankhula kwina, zogulitsa zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera kunja zinali pafupifupi 70. % ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masitolo. Si chinsinsi kuti zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimatumizidwa kudziko losacha ndipo zimabweretsedwa ku "mikhalidwe" kale ku Russia. Ndi njira ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zipse msanga komanso kuti mitundu ina ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zikhale zatsopano?
1. Kutentha mu chipinda cha gasi.
Chifukwa chake, kuti nthochi zobiriwira zifikire boma lodziwika bwino kwa anthu aku Russia, ziyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda cha mpweya pa +18 digiri Celsius, ndikuziwonetsa kusakaniza kwa ethylene ndi nayitrogeni. Nthawi yakucha pansi pamikhalidwe yotereyi ndi masiku 6, ndiye mabulosi (omwe, kuchokera ku botany, nthochi) amapeza chikasu chowala cha peel, ndipo zamkati zimakhala zokoma komanso zachifundo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachokera kunja, monga momwe tikuonera kuchokera ku ziwerengero, sizilola ogulitsa kuti azisunga zipatso m'chipinda choposa 10, maola ambiri a 12. Chifukwa chake, m'masitolo ambiri, timawona nthochi zitapsa pansi pamikhalidwe yopangira ndi kuchuluka kwa gasi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawapangitsa kukhala opanda kukoma.
Ngati tilankhula za kuchuluka kwa momwe chakudya choterechi chimakhudzira thupi la munthu, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuzitcha kuti ndizovulaza kwambiri - chisakanizo cha ethylene ndi nayitrogeni ndi njira ina yosinthira dzuwa, popanda kusintha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala. Komabe, kukhala m'mikhalidwe yopangira sikumapangitsa zipatso zotere kukhala zothandiza, kulepheretsa mavitamini onse omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu - pambuyo pake, amatha kupangidwa mu zipatso pokhapokha chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kodi pali chifukwa chilichonse chodyera chinthu chokhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, koma chosakhala ndi ma microelement?
2. Kupopera zipatso ndi mankhwala apadera.
Mosakayikira mwawona kuti mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, maapulo, imapezeka pogulitsidwa mu nyengo iliyonse ya chaka, pamene maonekedwe awo adzakhala angwiro. Kuti akwaniritse izi, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa "apple botox" - chowonjezera cha E230 chotchedwa diphenyl. Izi zimachotsedwa kuchokera kumafuta achilengedwe monga mafuta. Mwa njira, samakonza maapulo okha, komanso mapeyala, tsabola, tomato, zukini ndi zipatso zina zambiri. Biphenyl imalepheretsa kukula kwa bowa ndi mabakiteriya pamwamba pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, imalepheretsa kuwola, kuti ikhale yoyera komanso yosangalatsa.
Koma, monga chinthu chilichonse chopezedwa ndi mankhwala, E230 ili ndi poizoni omwe ali owopsa kwa thanzi la munthu, kotero kuti zowonjezerazo zaletsedwa kale m'mayiko angapo a EU ndi ku United States. Chifukwa chake, diphenyl imatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa zotupa zoyipa, kuyambitsa kutopa kwamanjenje, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa khunyu, ndi zina zotero. Kuti mudziteteze, ndikofunika kukonza bwino kutsuka kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba musanagwiritse ntchito ndi yankho lapadera, Chinsinsi chomwe timapereka kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi.
Moyo kuthyolako kuchokera ku VEGETARIAN
Kuti muwone ngati chipatso cha E230 chomwe mwagula chakonzedwa, chigwireni pansi pa madzi otentha kwa masekondi pafupifupi 20-30 ndikuyang'ana pamwamba. Ngati filimu yamafuta idawonekera pa peel, zipatso kapena masambawo zidakutidwa ndi biphenyl!
3. Kupopera mpweya wa mankhwala ophera bowa pamitengo yonse.
Kuonetsetsa kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa zomera m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu, kumene angadikire kwa miyezi ingapo kuti atumizidwe kuti awonetsere milandu, amachiritsidwa ndi fungicide, chinthu cha gasi chomwe chimachepetsa kuwola ndikupha nkhungu.
Fungicide ilibe vuto kwa anthu, chifukwa imasowa zipatso zitangobweretsedwa ku counter.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito nitrates ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo polima.
Pafupifupi mayiko onse otukuka padziko lapansi, mankhwala monga nitrates ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popopera mbewu mankhwalawa mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba. Ndizotetezeka kwa anthu ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, ndikukulolani kuti mufulumizitse kucha kwa zipatso, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso kupewa kuoneka kwa tizirombo pa iwo.
Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri, alimi ndi minda yonse yamaluwa amawonjezera pawokha mlingo wa mankhwala kuti akolole mwachangu komanso mokulirapo - zinthu zotere sizikhala zothandiza ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zaumoyo. Pali njira zingapo zowonera kuchuluka kwa nitrates ndi mankhwala ena pachipatso chimodzi:
Yesetsani kuwaphwanya pamtunda - khoma kapena galasi - ngati chipatso kapena masamba amakhalabe kumbali zonse pambuyo pa kukhudzidwa, sayenera kudyedwa, ngati akusweka, alibe vuto. Njirayi si ya aliyense, koma imodzi mwazothandiza kwambiri!
Gwiritsani ntchito chipangizo chapadera - mita ya nitrate, yomwe ili ndi chizindikiro chapadera cha nitrate chosonyeza makhalidwe otetezeka komanso owopsa. Ndi kafukufuku yemwe woyesa wotere ali ndi zida, amaboola pamwamba pa mabulosi, zipatso kapena masamba, dinani batani ndikusunga chipangizocho osasuntha kwa masekondi osapitilira 5. Deta yomwe imapezeka pa kafukufuku wofulumira wotere, malinga ndi ziwerengero, ikhoza kudaliridwa muzochitika zambiri.
Dulani pamwamba pa chipatso - ngati mikwingwirima yoyera kapena malo owala mu zamkati akuwoneka, musadye.
Samalani mtundu wa khungu - mwachitsanzo, nkhaka yomwe sinagwiritsidwepo ndi mankhwala, mtundu wa khungu nthawi zonse umakhala wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndipo ziphuphu zimakhala zofewa. Koma posankha kaloti kapena mbatata, ndikofunika kuganizira za kusowa kwa mawanga obiriwira kapena achikasu pamtunda.
Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji?
Choyamba, musakhulupirire zolemba zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi sitolo kapena wogulitsa kumbali yawo. Pakukayikira pang'ono za chilengedwe cha masamba, zipatso kapena zipatso zomwe mumaziwona pawindo, muli ndi ufulu wofuna chiphaso cha khalidwe mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wopanga.
Chachiwiri, musanagwiritse ntchito, mitundu ina ya zomera iyenera kuthiridwa mu njira yapadera kuchokera kuzinthu zosavuta:
1. Maapulo, mapeyala, mbatata, kaloti, tsabola, nkhaka, mavwende, radishes, zukini ndi zipatso zina zolimba khungu zimatha kuchotsedwa pamwamba pa mankhwala ndi zosavuta: 1 tbsp soda ndi 1 tbsp. mandimu wothira kapu ya madzi ndi kuthira mu botolo kutsitsi. Timathira mankhwala pa zomera, ndipo pambuyo pa mphindi 5 timatsuka pansi pa madzi. Zogulitsazo zitha kusungidwa mufiriji kwa masiku 4.
2. Magulu a masamba amatha kumasulidwa ku nitrates mwa kungoyika kwa mphindi 10-20 mu njira yothetsera madzi ofunda ndi supuni 1 ya mchere. Pambuyo pake, masambawo ayenera kutsukidwanso ndi madzi othamanga.
3. Kuti muchotse zipatso za definil (E230), parafini, ndi bwino kudula peelyo musanagwiritse ntchito.
4. Strawberries, strawberries zakutchire, raspberries adzatsukidwa ndi mankhwala owopsa mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate, ngati muwatsitsa kumeneko kwa mphindi zosapitirira 3-4.
5. Ngati palibe chikhumbo chopanga zothetsera, zipatso zilizonse zimatha kumizidwa mu beseni la madzi ozizira kwa maola 3-4, m'malo mwa madzi mumtsuko mphindi 40-50 zilizonse. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, mankhwala onse amatsuka kachiwiri pansi pa mtsinje wa madzi ozizira kapena ofunda.