Ficus Benjamin

Munali m'mbuyomu ku Soviet Dziko Lathu pomwe ma ficuses anali chizindikiro cha ma bourgeoisie. Tsopano chomera ichi chimachitidwa mosiyana. M'mayiko aku Asia, kumene ficus amachokera, amaika kufunika kwapadera kwa izo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mupereka ficus ku China, zikutanthauza kuti mwachisawawa mumafunira eni ake moyo wautali ndi chitukuko. Ku Thailand, ficus ndi chizindikiro cha likulu la boma. Ndipo ku Sri Lanka kuli ficus wazaka 150, yemwe amalemekezedwa ngati mulungu.

Ndipo zizindikiro za kum'maŵa zimanenanso kuti: ngati mupereka ficus kwa banja lopanda mwana, ndipo idzaphuka bwino ndikuyamba kukula mofulumira, ndiye kuti posachedwa mwana yemwe akuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali adzawonekera m'nyumba.

- Mukamagula ficus ya Benjamin, kumbukirani - ndi yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono pokhapokha zaka 5 - 7 zoyambirira, - akuchenjeza. Tatyana Zhashkova, wapampando wa kalabu ya Moscow Flower Growers. - Ficus wanga ali kale ndi zaka zoposa 20, ndipo wakhala kale mtengo wamphamvu, wotambalala wokhala ndi thunthu lalikulu komanso korona mpaka padenga. Chifukwa chake khalani okonzekera kuti pakapita nthawi chiweto chanu chingafune malo ochulukirapo.

Mitundu ya ficus Benjamin

Ficus benjamina (Ficus benjamina) amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha masamba ake okongola - muzomera zamitundu ndi zobiriwira zakuda, zozungulira, kutalika kwa 5-12 cm ndi 2-5 cm mulifupi (1). Pali mitundu yambiri ya ficus iyi, zomwe sizodabwitsa - chomerachi chimakonda kwambiri olima maluwa. Ndipo obereketsa, kuyesera kukondweretsa zopempha, adatulutsa njira zosangalatsa kwambiri:

• Anastasia - ndi masamba obiriwira, okongoletsedwa ndi malire obiriwira owala;
• Baroque - mitundu yaying'ono, yomwe masamba amapindika kukhala chubu;
• Buklee - masamba opindika pang'ono mkati;
• Wiandi - mitundu yaying'ono yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira ndi thunthu lopindika, lomwe limapangitsa kuti chomeracho chiwoneke ngati bonsai;
• Golden King - ili ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mzere wonyezimira wachikasu m'mphepete;
• Golden Monique (Golden Monique) - ndi masamba owala obiriwira-golide, opindika mwamphamvu m'mphepete, ndi zikwapu zobiriwira zakuda m'mbali mwa mtsempha wapakati;
• lopotana - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono yokhala ndi masamba opunduka kwambiri nthawi zambiri oyera;
• Monique (Monique) - ndi masamba obiriwira a malata;
• Naomi (Naomi) - ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, ozungulira pang'ono m'mphepete;
• Naomi Gold - masamba ake ang'onoang'ono amapakidwa utoto wobiriwira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pakati, koma akamakalamba amakhala wobiriwira;
• Samantha - masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mizere yopyapyala yoyera m'mphepete;
• Safari - mitundu yaying'ono yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira okongoletsedwa ndi madontho a kirimu;
• Nyenyezi (Starlight) - masamba omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera, okongola kwambiri, koma osangalatsa: pakuphwanya pang'ono kwa chisamaliro, masamba ake amaphwanyidwa.

Benjamin ficus kusamalira kunyumba

Ficus Benjamin nthawi zambiri amakhala wodzichepetsa, koma amakhudzidwa ndi kuphwanya kwakukulu kwaukadaulo waulimi. Ndipo nthawi zambiri mitundu yosowa imakhala yosasinthika.

Ground

Dothi la Benjamini ficus liyenera kukhala lachonde, lopanda chinyezi komanso lopuma. Mutha kugula dothi lazomera zamasamba zokongoletsera m'sitolo, koma ndizothandiza kuwonjezera dothi la soddy, mchenga, ndi humus wamasamba.

kutentha

Ficus Benjamin ndi thermophilic - m'chilimwe amafunika kutentha kwa 22 - 28 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira kutsika pang'ono - 12 - 16 ° C (2). Kukazizira, mbewuyo imataya masamba ake. Ndipo iye sangakhoze kupirira drafts.

Kuunikira

Chomerachi chimafuna kuwala kosiyana. Direct dzuwa ndi contraindicated kwa iye, kotero iye alibe malo kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa mawindo. Pa mfundo za kardinali, ndi bwino kuziyika pansi pafupi ndi zenera. Ndipo pa mazenera akumadzulo ndi kumpoto, akhoza kukula pawindo.

Koma izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa mitundu yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Ngati masamba a ficus amakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yoyera, mawanga kapena malire abwino, ndiye kuti chomerachi chimafunikira kuwala kochulukirapo kuti chisunge mtundu. Komabe, pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti musawotche mbewu.

chinyezi

Ficus Benjamin kwenikweni samalekerera chilala komanso kusefukira. Ngati palibe chinyezi chokwanira, masamba amayamba kusanduka achikasu ndikugwa mwachangu. Ndipo ngati pali kusayenda pafupipafupi kwa chinyezi mu poto, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imayamba kuvulaza - mizu imavunda. Choncho, theka la ola mutatha kuthirira, madzi owonjezera amatsanulidwa mu poto.

M'nyengo yozizira, ndi mabatire othamanga, muyenera kupopera mbewu nthawi zambiri kuposa m'chilimwe. Mukhoza kuika chidebe chamadzi pafupi ndi mphikawo ngati mulibe chinyezi. Koma m'nyengo yozizira mukhoza kuthirira nthawi zambiri - kamodzi pa sabata kapena ngakhale imodzi ndi theka.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

M'chilimwe, ficus ya Benjamin imadyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata limodzi ndi feteleza wovuta wa mbewu zokongoletsa komanso zodula kapena makamaka ficuses. M'nyengo yozizira, kuvala pamwamba kumafunikanso, koma kawirikawiri - 1 nthawi 2 - 1 masabata.

Kukonza

Ficus imakula mwachangu, mphukira zazing'ono zimasinthasintha kwambiri. Ndipo ngati safupikitsidwa munthawi yake, mbewuyo imatambasula motalika. Choncho, muyenera kudula nthawi zonse. Komanso, mtengo waung'ono, umakhala bwino. Zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kupanga chimphona cholimba chomwe chakula.

Kudulira kumachitika kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo. Komanso, amachita ndi ficus, monga mitengo ya mdziko - amafupikitsa nthambi zazitali kwambiri, kudula nthambi zolunjika mkati mwa korona. M'nyengo yotentha, kudulirani kapena kutsina mphukira zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino. Kudulira ndi kukanikiza kumasiya kumapeto kwa Seputembala kuti musunge zomanga m'nthambi ndi masamba.

Pofuna kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, magawo amatha kuwazidwa ndi makala oyendetsedwa kapena kuphimbidwa ndi phula lamunda.

Kubereka kwa ficus Benjamin kunyumba

Pali njira ziwiri zofalitsira Ficus Benjamin kunyumba, ndipo palibe chomwe chingatchulidwe chosavuta.

Zodula. Sikofunikira konse kudula pamwamba pa izi. Njanji zam'mbali zidzagwiranso ntchito. Koma ndikofunikira kuganizira ma nuances angapo:

• mbewuyo iyenera kukhala yokhwima;
• tsinde la mbande lamtsogolo liyenera kukhala laling'ono, ndiye kuti, losinthika, koma losakhalanso wobiriwira (zobiriwira zobiriwira sizidzazika mizu, koma zimangofa), komabe, ngati pali nthambi za lignified, ndiye kuti palinso mwayi. nawo;
• pa chogwirira cha phesi payenera kukhala masamba 4 mpaka 6 osatambasulidwa.

Madzi amkaka pa odulidwa ayenera kutsukidwa bwino kapena kuchotsedwa ndi chopukutira, masamba apansi amathanso kuchotsedwa.

Ngati nthambi za lignified zilipo, ndiye kuti muyenera kudula mosamala mazikowo m'magawo angapo ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Kuletsa mabala kuti asakhudze, machesi akhoza kuikidwa pakati pawo. Choncho, ife, titero, timapanga mizu yamtsogolo ndikulimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu.

Kenako zodulidwazo ziyenera kuikidwa m'madzi, kapena kubzalidwa mu gawo lapansi lopepuka la mbande kapena perlite. Ngati mutabzala zodulidwa m'nthaka, konzekerani zina ngati nyumba yotenthetsera kutentha, kuphimba pamwamba ndi thumba lapulasitiki kapena kapu yapulasitiki kapena botolo lapulasitiki lodulidwa.

Ngati nyumbayo ili yotentha mokwanira (osachepera 20 ° C), ndiye kuti mizu imapangidwa pambuyo pa masabata 2-3. Akakhala amphamvu (patatha milungu ingapo), mutha kuyika phesi pamalo okhazikika mumphika. Masabata angapo oyambilira, mutha kupitilizabe kutentha, kuphimba mmera, ndikuchotsa ndikutumiza kwa "wamkulu" kusambira.

Zigawo. Njira iyi ndi yoyenera kwa chomera chachikulire chomwe sichikufuna kupanga mphukira zazing'ono, koma nthawi yomweyo zonse zimaphimbidwa ndi mphukira zazikulu za lignified.

Mosamala, poyesera kuti musakhudze nkhuni, pangani annular kudula pa khungwa la mphukira imodzi, kuchotsa mosamala pamwamba. Tetezani minofu ya chomera chowonekera ndi cholimbikitsa kukula ndikukulunga ndi sphagnum yonyowa kapena osakaniza potengera izo. Konzani mosamala kapangidwe kake ndi filimu, ndikukonza m'mphepete mwa waya kapena tepi.

Patapita kanthawi, mizu yopangidwa idzawonekera kudzera mufilimuyi. Iyenera kudulidwa mosamala pansi pa mizu ndi kubzalidwa mwachizolowezi. Malo odulidwa pachomera chachikulu ayenera kupakidwa ndi makala kapena phula lamunda.

Kuyika kwa Ficus Benjamin kunyumba

Ficus ali wamng'ono, nthawi zambiri amafunika kubzalidwanso, chifukwa mizu imakula mofulumira monga nthambi. Ndikoyenera kuyika mbewu zazing'ono (mpaka zaka 7) chaka chilichonse ndikuzitumiza mumphika wokulirapo pang'ono (pafupifupi 2-3 cm yayikulu m'mimba mwake, popeza mizu ikukula mwachangu).

Zomera zakale zimabzalidwa kamodzi pazaka 1 - 2, kapena kuchepera. Onetsetsani kuti mizu sikuwonekera kuchokera ku dzenje la ngalande - ichi chidzakhala chizindikiro chakuti mphika wa ficus wanu ndi wochepa kwambiri.

Ngati mbewuyo ili kale ndi zaka 12, ndiye kuti m'malo moziika, mutha kungosintha gawo la gawo lapansi.

Matenda a ficus Benjamin

Mtundu uwu wa ficus umakonda kudwala, choncho ndikofunika kuwazindikira mwamsanga kuti ayambe kulandira chithandizo panthawi yake.

Kuwola kwa mizu. Ngati mizu ya ficus yavunda, masambawo amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kenako amadetsedwa ndikugwa. Ndipo chifukwa cha matenda nthawi zambiri madzi a m'nthaka.

Mizu yowola imatha kuchiritsidwa ikangoyamba kumene. M'pofunika kuchotsa chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa, kudula mizu yonse yowola, kutsuka mizu mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate, kuumitsa, ndikuyiyika mumphika watsopano ndi nthaka yatsopano.

Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, chomeracho sichingapulumutsidwe. Koma mutha kudula zodulidwazo ndikuyesera kuzizula.

Anthracnose. Zizindikiro za matenda a mafangasi ndi mawanga a bulauni pamasamba. Pang’onopang’ono, amakula n’kukhala ngati zilonda. Masamba kugwa. Ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu, chomeracho chimafa.

Fitosporin kapena Alirin ndi oyenera kuchiza matendawa (3).

Cercosporosis. Ichi ndi matenda a fungal, ndipo zizindikiro zake zoyamba zimawonekera pansi pa masamba - awa ndi madontho akuda. Pachomera chodwala, masamba amayamba kusanduka achikasu ndikugwa, zomwe zimatha kufa.

Matendawa amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala omwewo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthracnose - Fitosporin ndi Alirin (3).

Tizilombo ta Ficus Benjamin

Nthawi zambiri, ficus ya Benjamin imakhudzidwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mealybugs и akangaude. Mutha kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala amodzi - Actellika (3). Koma pankhani ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafunika chithandizo chambiri.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinakambirana za mavuto kukula ficus Benjamin ndi Agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mikhailova.

Magwero a

1. Visyashcheva LV, Sokolova TA Industrial floriculture. Buku la masukulu aukadaulo // M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 - 368 p.
2. Tulintsev VG Floriculture yokhala ndi zofunikira pakusankha ndi kupanga mbewu // Stroyizdat, nthambi ya Leningrad, 1977 - 208 p.
3. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation, https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii- khimizatsii -i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/