The fornix (kuchokera ku Latin fornix, kutanthauza chombo) ndi dongosolo la ubongo, la limbic system ndikupangitsa kuti zigwirizane ndi zigawo ziwiri za ubongo.

malo. The fornix ndi ya chapakati mantha dongosolo. Amapanga intra and inter-hemispherical commissure, kutanthauza kuti kamangidwe kamene kamapangitsa kuti athe kulumikiza zigawo ziwiri za ubongo, kumanzere ndi kumanja. The fornix ili pakatikati pa ubongo, pansi pa corpus callosum (1), ndipo imachoka ku hippocampus kupita ku thupi la mammillary la hemisphere iliyonse.

kapangidwe. The fornix imapangidwa ndi ulusi wa minyewa, makamaka kuchokera ku hippocampus, kapangidwe ka ubongo komwe kali mugawo lililonse (2). Fornix ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo angapo (1):

• Thupi la fornix, loyima mopingasa komanso lomatira kumunsi kwa corpus callosum, limapanga gawo lapakati.
• Mizati ya fornix, iwiri mu chiwerengero, imachokera m'thupi ndikupita kutsogolo kwa ubongo. Zipilalazi zimapindikira pansi ndi kumbuyo kuti zifike ndi kuthera pa matupi a mammillary, omwe ali mu hypothalamus.
• Mizati ya fornix, iwiri mu chiwerengero, imachokera m'thupi ndikupita kumbuyo kwa ubongo. Mtengo umachokera ku chipilala chilichonse ndipo umalowetsedwa mkati mwa chigawo chilichonse chanthawi yochepa kuti ufike ku hippocampus.

Wosewera wa limbic system. The fornix ndi ya limbic system. Dongosololi limagwirizanitsa mapangidwe a ubongo ndipo limalola kukonzanso kwamalingaliro, magalimoto ndi chidziwitso cha vegetative. Zimakhudza khalidwe komanso zimakhudzidwa ndi kuloweza pamtima (2) (3).

Za otsika, mitsempha kapena chotupa chiyambi, ena pathologies akhoza kukhala ndi kukhudza chapakati mantha dongosolo makamaka fornix.

Kuvulala mutu. Zimafanana ndi kugwedezeka kwa chigaza komwe kungayambitse ubongo. (4)

Chilonda. Ngozi ya cerebrovascular, kapena stroke, ikuwonetsedwa ndi kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya ubongo, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe a magazi kapena kupasuka kwa chotengera.5 Chikhalidwe ichi chingakhudze ntchito za fornix.

matenda a Alzheimer. Matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi kusinthidwa kwa zidziwitso makamaka makamaka kutaya kukumbukira kapena kuchepa kwa luso la kulingalira. (6)

Matenda a Parkinson. Zimafanana ndi matenda a neurodegenerative, omwe zizindikiro zake zimakhala makamaka kugwedezeka pakupuma, kapena kutsika ndi kuchepetsa kusuntha kosiyanasiyana. (7)

angapo sclerosis. Izi pathology ndi autoimmune matenda a chapakati mantha dongosolo. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimalimbana ndi myelin, sheath yozungulira mitsempha ya mitsempha, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa. (8)

Matenda a ubongo. Zotupa zabwino kapena zowopsa zimatha kukula muubongo ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a fornix. (9)

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kutengera matenda omwe amapezeka, mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa ngati mankhwala oletsa kutupa.

Kuphulika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamenyedwa, chithandizo ichi chimakhala kuthyola thrombi, kapena kuundana kwamagazi, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. (5)

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kutengera mtundu wamatenda omwe amapezeka, opaleshoni imatha kuchitidwa.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chithandizo chothandizira. Kutengera mtundu ndi chotupacho, mankhwalawa atha kuchitidwa.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Choyamba, kuyezetsa kuchipatala kumachitika kuti muwone ndikuwunika zomwe wodwala akuwona.

Kuyesa kuyerekezera kwachipatala. Kuti muwone kuwonongeka kwa fornix, kuwunika kwaubongo kapena MRI yaubongo kumatha kuchitika makamaka.

biopsy. Kuwunikaku kumakhala ndi zitsanzo zama cell, makamaka owunika maselo otupa.

Kupopera kwa Lumbar. Mayesowa amalola kuti madzi amtundu wa cerebrospinal awunikidwe.

Dera la Papez, lofotokozedwa ndi American neuroanatomist James Papez mu 1937, amaphatikiza zida zonse zaubongo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutengeka maganizo, kuphatikizapo fornix. (10).