Tili mwana, tinkaona kuti makolo athu ndi afiti amphamvu zonse: anatulutsa mapepala onyezimira m’matumba awo n’kusinthanitsa ndi ayisikilimu, zidole ndi madalitso onse a padziko lapansi. Monga akuluakulu, timakhulupiriranso kuti makolo athu ali ndi matsenga. Ife achinyamata, kaya mutipatsa malipiro otani, timasowa. Ndipo "anthu okalamba" nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zosunga zopulumutsira! Ndipo iwo si oligarchs konse. Kodi amachita bwanji zimenezi? Tiyeni tiyesetse kuphunzira pa zimene zinachitikira zofunika kwambiri.
Anthu a ku Russia oposa 50 ndi ana a USSR. Sanangokhala ndi ubwana wa Soviet, monga azaka makumi anayi, adakwanitsa kukhala akuluakulu Soviet Union isanagwe. Anthu awa adutsa sukulu yotere yopulumuka yomwe imangogwira. Makamaka ngati mukukumbukira kusauka kosatha kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi.
Kwa makolo athu, zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi ku Russia si nthawi yosangalatsa ya Tamagotchi ndi mapepala a maswiti ochokera ku "Chikondi ndi ..." chingamu. Anayenera kuphunzira kupeza chakudya, zovala, nyonga ndi kukhala ndi chiyembekezo kuchokera pachabe. Kusoka, kuluka, kulongedzanso, kukonza nsapato zowonongeka, kupeza ndalama zowonjezera usiku, kupanga mbale zinayi zodzaza nkhuku imodzi, kuphika makeke opanda mazira - amayi athu ndi abambo angathe kuchita chilichonse. Moyo unawaphunzitsa kwa nthawi yaitali kusunga zonse zomwe angathe, ndipo ngati zingatheke, musataye kalikonse.
Makolo athu adatha kukhala ndi moyo pomwe malipiro adachedwetsedwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuperekedwa ndi zinthu zamabizinesi. Choncho, si vuto kuti asunge pang'ono tsopano, pamene ndalama zenizeni, zenizeni zimawonekera nthawi zonse m'manja mwawo. Amadziwa kusunga tsiku lamvula chifukwa adawona masiku amdima ano ndi maso awo.
Anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza nkhani yofunika kwambiri monga kukonzekera bajeti. Atalandira ndalama zabwino m'manja mwawo patsiku lolipira, ambiri amagonja ndikupita kukagula: timayenda, moyo ndi wabwino! Pa funde ili, amagula mitundu yonse ya nkhanu za mfumu, cognac yamtengo wapatali, mlengi, koma osati yoyenera zovala, zikwama zam'manja ndi zamkhutu zambiri zosafunikira, zomwe zinali kukwezedwa m'misika.
Ndalama zanu ziyenera kuwerengedwa nthawi zonse. Osangopita ku sitolo yodzaza ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomveka bwino, koma nthawi zonse werengerani ndalama zanu mukangotaya chilichonse.
Podziwa ndalama zomwe mumapeza pamwezi, muyenera kukonzekera ndalama zolipirira pasadakhale: kulipira zofunikira, lendi yanyumba (ngati nyumbayo yabwereka), ndalama zoyendera, chakudya, ndalama zapakhomo, kulipira kwa sukulu ya kindergarten kapena makalabu amwana. Kuchokera ku ndalama zotsalira, mukhoza kupanga malo anu osungira mwadzidzidzi - izi ndi ndalama zosayembekezereka, mwachitsanzo, kugula nsapato zatsopano za nyengo kapena kuchiza matenda mwadzidzidzi. Kuwona m'maganizo ndikothandiza kwambiri: tulutsani ndalamazo, ziwaleni patsogolo panu ndikupanga milu yazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Popeza anthu okhala m’mudzimo ndi midzi yozungulira analoledwa kulima minda ndi ziweto momasuka, munthu waulesi ndi wosagwira ntchito yekha ndi amene angafe ndi njala. Ulendo wawung'ono m'mbiri: mu USSR, kwa nthawi yaitali, chuma chaumwini cha anthu chinali cholamulidwa ndi boma ndipo chinali chochepa. M'minda yaumwini ya anthu akumudzi, mtengo uliwonse unkawerengedwa, ndipo kuchokera pagawo la malo ndi gawo lililonse la ng'ombe, nzikayo inakakamizika kupereka gawo la zinthu zachilengedwe ku nkhokwe za Motherland.
Dziko lathu lomwe masiku ano limapereka chakudya chenicheni. Okalamba ambiri amakonda ulimi. Zikutanthauza chiyani? Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, amapatsidwa anyezi, adyo, maapulo, uchi, zipatso zouma ndi zouma, pickles, zimasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe, mwa njira, anthu ochuluka a ku Russia adyetsedwa. Oweta ng’ombe, nkhumba, mbuzi ndi nkhuku amachita pulogalamu ya chakudya cha mabanja awo mosangalala. Zotsalazo zikugulitsidwa pang’onopang’ono, ndipo ndalamazo zimasonkhanitsidwa kotero kuti pambuyo pake padzakhala chinachake chodabwitsa ana amene malipiro awo sakuwakwanira pa kalikonse.
Zoonadi akuluakulu, anthu okhwima (osati malinga ndi mapasipoti awo, koma malinga ndi maganizo awo) ali ndi khalidwe limodzi lofunika - kusakhalapo kwachinyengo chosafunika. Uwu ndiye katemera wabwino kwambiri wothana ndi kugula zinthu zokha.
Pausinkhu wa zaka 18, mukhoza kutsitsa theka la malipiro anu pa zodzoladzola chifukwa chakuti kutsatsa pa TV kunali kokhutiritsa kwambiri, ndipo munali mu mkhalidwe woterowo. Simungamvetse mayi wachikulire yemwe akudandaula kuti "zidzisangalatsa", "khala pano ndi pano".
Amadziwa motsimikiza: zowoneka bwino za m'maso ndi zonyezimira pamilomo sizisintha kukhala mafumu omwe, makamaka, sanakhalepo ndipo sadzakhalaponso. Ndipo palibe zonona zotsutsana ndi ukalamba zidzapereka moto wachinyamata m'maso, ndipo kukongola ndi unyamata wautali ndizo zotsatira za chibadwa chabwino, wokongoletsa waluso, komanso kulanga, kudziletsa ndi kuyesetsa mwa mawonekedwe a masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mukapanda kuthamangira kugwedezeka kulikonse kwa mafashoni osintha ndikuganiza mozama, ndalama zambiri zimakhala m'manja mwanu.
“Mu 2000, ndinasudzulana ndi mwamuna wanga ndipo ndinatsala ndekha ndi mwanayo. Ndinafunika kugula nyumba yangayanga mwachangu: Sindikanatha kupita ndi mwana wanga kuchipinda chimodzi cha amayi anga. Ndinaganiza kuti: simungathe kusiya ndikusiya, mwinamwake mudzagwedezeka m'dera lino kwa zaka zambiri kapena kwa moyo wanu wonse, - akutero Larissa wazaka 50. - Ndinali ndi ndalama za nyumba ya chipinda chimodzi, koma ndinadzipangira cholinga - nyumba ya zipinda ziwiri zokha, ndili ndi mwana wamwamuna! Ndinatenga ndalama zomwe zikusowa pa ngongole. Motero, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a malipiro anga linatsala. Ndipo nthawi zinali zovuta, zosauka - zotsatira za zovuta za 1998. Ndinafunika kusunga ndalama movutikira, mwachitsanzo, nthaŵi zina ndinalibe ngakhale ndalama za minibasi, ndipo ndinkayenda wapansi kukagwira ntchito wapansi kudutsa theka la mzinda. Ndinagula nyama, masamba ndi zipatso pang'ono chabe kwa mwana wanga wamwamuna, ndipo adadya chinthu chotsika mtengo kwambiri ku Russia - mkate. Zotsatira zake, ndinalemera kwambiri pamabandi, ndipo chimenecho chinali tsoka: zovala zanga zinakhala zochepa kwambiri kwa ine! Ndinayenera kuonda mwachangu, chifukwa ndinalibe chilichonse choti ndigule zovala zatsopano. Zinali zovuta, koma zinandithandiza: tsopano ndikudziwa kuti ndizotheka kusunga ndi kusunga, ngakhale ndalama zili zochepa. “
Mapeto ake ndi awa: aliyense amene amadziwa kupulumutsa - kwenikweni, amangodziwa momwe angakhazikitsire cholinga chake ndikuchikwaniritsa.
Moona mtima, timavomereza kuti nyumba zambiri ndi magalimoto aku Russia adagulidwa ndikutengapo gawo kwa ndalama za m'badwo wakale. Inde, opuma pantchito amathandiza ndipo apitiriza kuthandiza ana awo ndi adzukulu awo. Wina ali ndi penshoni ndi zopindulitsa zakale, wina ali ndi ndalama zambiri zaukalamba zomwe amapeza ali wachinyamata m'zigawo zakumpoto, wina amalandira ndalama zabwino kuchokera ku boma monga kale wantchito wakunyumba, wina ali ndi udindo wokhala pantchitoyo. , ndi zina zotero. Ndalama zambiri za penshoni za agogo kapena agogo nthawi zambiri zimadyetsa banja lonse.
Mfundo ina: anthu achikulire nthawi zambiri amatha kupeza zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, akaunti yakubanki pambuyo pogulitsa nyumba ya kholo, nyumba ndi magalasi a lendi. M'zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi zomwezo, pamene mabizinesi akusintha kukhala makampani ophatikizana, anthu anzeru adagula magawo, nthawi zina osakhulupirira kuti "mapepala" awa angapange phindu. Komabe, ambiri adakwanitsa kugulitsa magawo awo mopindulitsa ndikuyika pamodzi capital.
Kodi ndi mfundo yotani imene tingaipeze kuchokera kwa wachichepere ameneyu? Yesetsani kuphunzira masewerawa pa malonda ogulitsa, ndipo mwadzidzidzi muli ndi talente.
Amayi athu, abambo, agogo athu adapulumuka nthawi zovuta chifukwa amadziwa kuchita zambiri ndi manja awo. Okonda kuwerenga akhoza kulangizidwa monga chitsanzo cha buku lodabwitsa la Alexander Chudakov "Haze Lies Down on the Old Steps" (bukuli linalandira mphoto ya "Russian Booker"). Nkosangalatsa kwambiri kuŵerenga za mmene banja lina laukapolo lolimbikira ntchito linapulumukira nkhondo m’nkhalango za ku Kazakhstan. Ankachita chilichonse m'moyo wawo komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndipo adadabwitsa anansi awo powachitira tiyi wotsekemera panthawi ya njala: adatha kutulutsa shuga kuchokera ku ma beets omwe amakula m'mundamo.
Zidziwitso zamitundu yonse, luso ndi luso ndizolimba kwambiri. Izi zinali zofunika mu nthawi ya USSR, akadali pamtengo lero. Amisiri amasoka, kuluka, kukonza makeke a mastic, kupanga zokongoletsera kuchokera ku dongo la polima, ndi kupeta kuchokera ku ubweya. Amuna onyamula zida amamatira mapepalawo okha, amaika mapaipi, amayala matailosi, kukonza magalimoto awo, kukonza magetsi, ndi zina zotero. Amene sadziwa kuchita zonsezi amakakamizika kulipira.
Mwina, ngati n’kotheka, titengere chitsanzo kwa makolo athu kuti tisunge ndalama zathu.