Zamkatimu
Imodzi mwa bowa zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pamene kuswana ndikukula bowa m'dziko - chifukwa cha izi mumangofunika kuyang'ana m'nkhalango kuti mukhale ndi chitsa choyenera kapena chidutswa cha mtengo wagwa ndi mycelium wolemera ndikusunthira kumalo anu. Komanso, ndizotheka kukulitsa bowa wa autumn ndi chisanu kapena chilimwe mdziko muno. Njira yowawa kwambiri ndikubzala bowa kunyumba m'chipinda chokhala ndi zida izi.
Ukadaulo wokulitsa bowa mdziko muno komanso m'munda pazitsa (ndi kanema)
chilimwe uchi agaric (Kuehneromyces mutabilis) amadziwika bwino kwa anthu okhala m'dziko lathu. Ndi wotola bowa uti yemwe sanaonepo kuchuluka kwa matupi ang'onoang'ono obala zipatso okhala ndi miyendo yopyapyala pazitsa? Zipewazo ndi zodyedwa komanso zokoma. Ndi bowa ochepa omwe amatha kupereka zokolola zambiri pamitengo ngati bowa wachilimwe.
Bowa wa m'chilimwe amayamba kubala zipatso pamitengo ya birch patatha chaka chimodzi atabzala. Mycelium imamera bwino mumitengo. Zipatso mu zinthu mkulu chinyezi. Pakulima, amatembenuza matabwa a matabwa kukhala mycowood, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotetezera kutentha.
Kodi kukula bowa bowa kuseri? Njira yosavuta yolima bowa m'mundamo ndi kubweretsa nkhuni zakufa, zidutswa za mitengo kapena zitsa kuchokera m'nkhalango momwe bowawu amamera. Pansi pa kuthirira nthawi zonse pakauma, uchi wa chilimwe agaric umapereka mafunde angapo a fruiting pamitengo yobweretsedwa.
Pamitengo yofesedwa mu 2005 ndi theka anakumba, bowa amamera pafupi ndi nthaka. Bowa wa m'chilimwe amakonda zitsa zakale, zowonongeka ndi nthambi.
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Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri mukamakula bowa pazitsa, m'pofunika kupanga dzenje lophimba pansi - kotero kuti nsonga zapamwamba za matabwa zomwe zimakumbidwa pamenepo ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zidutswa za matabwa ndi bowa wa chilimwe zisafike padenga ndi 20. -30 cm. Chivundikirocho chimapangidwa bwino kuchokera ku matabwa opanda mipata pafupifupi ndikuchiyika pa njerwa.
Bowawu umakhazikikanso pamitengo yakale yomwe bowa wa shiitake ankamerapo. M'nyengo yathu yowuma, bowa wamtchire monga honey agaric ndi deer scourge akuchotsa shiitake kuchoka pamitengo. Mwachiwonekere, izi zikufotokozera kusowa kwake m'nkhalango zathu.
Plyutei nswala (Pluteus cervinus) ndi mzere wa autumn (Gyromitra esqulenta) imameranso pamitengo yofota komanso pa zitsa.
M'munda wa chumps, mutha kuberekanso ma agariki a uchi wachisanu. Winter Honey agaric (Flammulina velutipes) ndi bowa wodyedwa, wokoma komanso wochiritsa. Itha kudyedwa ngakhale yaiwisi. Amamera mosavuta pamitengo ya msondodzi, pa zitsa za msondodzi. Ndikothekanso kubzala bowa pamitengo ya birch. Matupi a zipatso amapangidwa osati pa khungwa la matabwa, komanso pamatako. Imabala zipatso kumapeto kwa autumn ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira pamene kutentha kwabwino kumachitika nthawi ya thaws. Pali milandu yodziwika bwino ya fruiting pa Chaka Chatsopano pansi pa chisanu. Pansi pa maikulosikopu, mutha kuwona momwe maselo oundana, ophulika a mycelial a m'nyengo yozizira amayambira kukulira limodzi kutentha kumakwera pamwamba pa ziro.
Kukula bowa wa autumn kuchokera ku mycelium pazitsa
autumn Honey agaric (Matenda a Armillaria) zimakhala zovuta kumera pachitsa chosiyana, koma zimatha kukhazikika paokha m'munda wamaluwa pazitsa za birch komanso pamitengo yofowoka ya maapulo. Kulima bowa pazitsa kumathekanso m'munda wamaluwa wokhala ndi madzi apansi panthaka. Pamene minda yamaluwa ikukula, tchire ndi mitengo imadulidwa m'malo mwa zitsamba zakale ndi nkhalango zotsika, ndipo mizu ya mitengo yodulidwa imakhalabe pansi. Uchi wa autumn agaric umachita bwino zotsalira izi ndi mycelium yake ndikumera pa iwo, kukwawa kuchokera pansi.
Momwe mungakulire bowa kuchokera ku mycelium mdziko? Kuswana m'minda ya autumn bowa akulepheretsedwa ndi kusafuna mizu pa osiyana chitsa. Mukakulitsa bowa kuchokera ku mycelium pazitsa, mycelium imayamba kupanga matabwa a chitsa, koma zonsezi zidzatha. Sizidzabala zipatso mpaka zitalanda malo aakulu. Bowa wa autumn amakonda kupanga munda pazitsa ndi mitengo yambiri nthawi imodzi, kuwagwira mothandizidwa ndi ma rhizomorphs aatali komanso amtundu wa mycelium. Zingwe zake za mycelium (rhizomorphs) zimawala mumdima. Koma kuti muwone chodabwitsa ichi, muyenera kuzolowera maso anu kumdima kwa ola limodzi.
Palinso malingaliro akuti imatha kukhala pamitengo yamaluwa ngati tizilombo. Choncho, ndi osafunika kwa munda. Koma apa pang'ono zimadalira ife. Kulima bowa m'dziko ndi m'munda sikophweka, koma ngati bowa atakhazikika paokha, sangathe kuwonongedwa. Choncho, palibe chimene chatsala koma kuwasonkhanitsa, mchere kapena mwachangu. Bowa wosaphika wa autumn ungayambitse kukhumudwa m'mimba. Ngakhale ndi mchere wozizira, pamodzi ndi bowa wamkaka kapena ma milkworts ena omwe safuna kuwira, bowa wa autumn ayenera kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 15 kuti asakhale ndi poizoni. Bowa wophika ndi wouma wa autumn ndi wopanda poizoni.
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Mungayesere kulenga munda wa mitengo anakumba pansi kulima bowa yophukira. Pamunda wamaluwa m'chigawo cha Solnechnogorsk m'chigawo cha Moscow, nkhalangoyi imayandikira pafupi ndi munda. Pafupi ndi malowa pali zitsa zomwe bowa wa autumn amamera chaka chilichonse. Mukhoza anakumba pansi mita imodzi ndi theka zidutswa za matabwa ku spruce kuonongeka ndi khungwa kachilomboka. Konzani kuthirira kwamitengo iyi ndikudikirira bowa wa autumn kuti agwire zipika zathu.
Kuti anyowetse bwino zipikazo mozungulira ma axis, dzenje la 2 cm m'mimba mwake ndi 60 cm kuya kwake lidabowoleredwa pakatikati pa chipikacho, ndipo ma cylindrical cavities adasankhidwa kumtunda pogwiritsa ntchito chodulira matabwa, ndikusewera ngati ma fanizi odzaza madzi. . Madzi amatha kutsanuliridwa mu ketulo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira drip. Madzi amaperekedwa kuchokera mumgolo kudzera mu machubu a silicone ndikudontha kuchokera mu syringe yotaya.
Ephedra ndi wothira kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa utomoni. Pakunyowetsa koyamba, nkhuni zosavunda zimanyowa pang'onopang'ono - pafupifupi sabata. Madzi amalowa mumtengo wonyowa kapena wowola mwachangu.
Vidiyo yakuti “Kulima bowa” ikusonyeza mmene tingawerere bowa m’dzikoli:
Momwe mungakulire bowa kuchokera ku mycelium kunyumba
Maziko a gawo lapansi pakukula bowa kachiwiri kunyumba ndi mankhusu ochokera ku mbewu za mpendadzuwa kapena utuchi wamitengo yolimba kapena matabwa owuma a paini.
Matupi a fruiting a bowa wachisanu ali ndi luso lapadera lokankhira zipewa zawo kumalo a mpweya wabwino mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yayitali. Katunduyu amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusonkhanitsa matupi a fruiting mwa kukula bowa m'nyengo yozizira mu thumba lapamwamba, momwe gawo lake lapansi lokha limadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi.
Momwe mungakulire bowa kunyumba kuti mukolole bwino? Kuti muchite izi, tengani thumba la manja a polypropylene 25,5 cm mulifupi ndi 28 cm mulitali. Ikani 2 malita a gawo lapansi. Mudzalandira phukusi ndi mainchesi 16 cm, kutalika kwa 28 cm ndi voliyumu ya malita 5, pomwe malita atatu ndi malo aulere pamwamba pa gawo lapansi.
Popanga gawo limodzi la gawo limodzi lokhala ndi malita 2, tengani 230 g wa mankhusu owuma a mpendadzuwa kapena 200 g utuchi wouma. Onjezerani 70 g wa tirigu (oats kapena balere). Onjezerani supuni ya tiyi ya choko kapena ufa wa laimu - CaCO3 kusakaniza. Onjezani madzi oyera ku gawo lapansi mu kuchuluka kotero kuti misa imakhala 900 g. Sakanizani gawo lapansi ndikuliyika pansi pa thumba.
Pambuyo pake, gawo lapansi m'matumba liyenera kusautsidwa mu autoclave kwa maola 1,5 kapena pasteurized ndi fractional pasteurization. Mapulagi a thonje amayenera kukulungidwa ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu ndi kutsekedwa kuti asanyowe.
Pambuyo kuziziritsa matumba ndi gawo lapansi ndi manja anu, kandani njere mycelium wa yozizira uchi agaric. Manja, tebulo ndi chipinda chomwe chiyenera kukhala choyera! Tsegulani khosi la thumba ndikuwaza mycelium pamwamba pa gawo lapansi (supuni yopanda slide). Gwirizanitsani mycelium ndi gawo lapansi mu thumba ndi supuni kapena manja. Ikani choyimitsira 3 cm chopangidwa ndi ubweya wa thonje wosabala m'mwamba mwa khosi la thumba. Mangitsani khosi la thumba mozungulira choyimitsira ndi twine.
Popanga makulitsidwe mukukula bowa mycelium mu gawo lapansi, ikani matumba pa maalumali kutentha kwa +12. . +20 °С. Panthawi imeneyi ya kukula kwa mycelium, chinyezi cha mpweya chilibe kanthu. Kupyolera mu filimu ya phukusi, mukhoza kuona momwe mycelium imakulira kuchokera ku mbewu ndi mycelium. Pambuyo pa masiku 30, gawo lapansili likhoza kuonedwa ngati lokonzekera fruiting. Zidzakhala zowuma komanso zopepuka. Ma tubercles ang'onoang'ono adzawonekera pamwamba pake - zoyamba za matupi a fruiting. M'pofunika kusamutsa midadada kumalo awo tsogolo fruiting mosamala, popanda kuchotsa thonje pulagi, kuyesera kuti kuwononga pamwamba chipika.
Kuti bowa awonekere, ingochotsani nkhono m'thumba ndikusiya thumba lotseguka. Gawo lapamwamba lopanda kanthu la thumba lidzakhala ngati "kolala", momwe zisoti za matupi a fruiting a honey agaric zidzatambasula kuchokera kumtunda wa carbon dioxide kupita kumlengalenga. Amathyola bowa zisoti zawo zitatuluka m'thumba, ndipo miyendo imakhala ngati pasitala yomwe yadzaza pamwamba, yopanda kanthu m'thumba. Bowa amadulidwa pamodzi ndi miyendo, yomwe imamangidwa ndi ulusi ngati maluwa. Zonse zipewa ndi miyendo zimadyedwa.