Khate

Kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa matendawa

Ichi ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Mycobacterium leprae… Matendawa akhala akudziwika kwa nthawi yayitali. Khate limakhudza khungu, dongosolo lamanjenje, ndipo nthawi zina mapazi, manja, maso ndi machende.

Khate kapena khate ndilofala kwambiri m’mayiko amene muli nyengo yotentha. M'zaka 50 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha odwala khate chatsika kwambiri. Komabe, kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 15 miliyoni odwala khate amapezeka chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi. Malo oyamba pamilandu yolembetsedwa ndi Nepal ndi India, Brazil ndi yachiwiri ndipo Burma ndi yachitatu. Okhala kumayiko omwe ali ndi mavuto okhala pangozi ali pachiwopsezo: osadya zakudya zabwino, madzi akuda, komanso omwe akuvutika ndi matenda omwe amawononga chitetezo cha mthupi - Edzi ndi chiwindi.

Matenda a khate amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, yomwe imatha kuyambira miyezi 5-6 mpaka zaka makumi angapo, imakhala yopanda tanthauzo, pafupifupi, imakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu. Gwero la matendawa ndi munthu wodwala khate. Kwa ana amene amakumana ndi munthu wodwala, matendawa amapezeka msanga kuposa achikulire.

Mitundu ndi zizindikiro za khate

• mawonekedwe akhate khate limaonedwa kuti ndi loopsa kwambiri. Pakhungu la nkhope, miyendo, matako, mikono yakutsogolo, mawanga ozungulira owoneka bwino osalala amapangidwa, monga lamulo, lofiira, koma pakapita nthawi limakhala lofiirira. Popita nthawi, khungu m'malo omwe akhudzidwa limakhala lolimba, ndipo khate kapena limalowa pamalo pomwe pamapezeka. Matendawa atadwala, thukuta limasiya kwathunthu, kuchuluka kwa khungu kumawonekera ndipo khungu limakhala labuluu. Kusintha kolowera kumapangika pakhungu, mphuno ndi nsidze, komanso mawonekedwe amaso amasintha. Perforation wa septum m'mphuno angasinthe mawonekedwe a mphuno. Ngati kholingo latenga kachilombo, mawu a wodwalayo amatha kusintha;
• mawonekedwe a chifuwa chachikulu sizikhudza ziwalo zamkati. Mtundu wa khate umakhudza khungu komanso zotumphukira zamanjenje. Ma papuleti ofiira amaoneka pach thunthu la wodwalayo, kumtunda kapena kumaso kwa wodwalayo. Popita nthawi, ma papule amaphatikizana ndikupanga zikwangwani, pomwe tsitsi la vellus limagwera ndikukula ndikuwuma. Ndi khate lamtunduwu, misomali ya manja imatha kukhudzidwa, imapunduka, imakhuthala ndikukhala imvi. Madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi khungu amataya chidwi, chifukwa chake amakhala ovulala komanso amawotcha, omwe samachira bwino komanso kumakula. Nthambi zamitsempha yamaso, parotid, ndi mitsempha yazowuma zimakhwima, mwina ndikuphwanya zoyendetsa zala zala ndi zala;
• mawonekedwe osasankhidwa zimakhudza kumapeto kwenikweni. Zilonda zam'mimba zimawoneka ngati ma nodule, zikwangwani, kapena zigamba zofiira. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumawonekera ngati asymmetric neuritis kapena polyneuritis ndi ziwalo. Kudwala kwamalire kumatha kukhala chifuwa chachikulu kapena khate.

Zimayambitsa khate

Matendawa amapezeka kudzera m'mphuno ndi mkamwa, mkaka wa m'mawere, umuna, mkodzo, mukamayanjana kwambiri ndi odwala khate. Matenda opatsirana ndi Mycobacterium leprae nthawi zambiri amapezeka kudzera m'madontho oyenda pandege. Wodwala khate amatulutsa mabakiteriya pafupifupi XNUMX miliyoni patsiku. Matendawa amatha ngati khungu likuphwanyidwa ndi kulumidwa ndi tizilombo kapena polemba ma tattoo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira chamankhwala amakana kwambiri matendawa. Mabakiteriya akhate akalowa m'thupi, ndi anthu pafupifupi 10-20% okha omwe amadwala. Kutenga kumafuna kuyanjana kwanthawi yayitali komanso pafupi ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti abambo amatenga khate kwambiri kuposa akazi.

Zovuta zakhate

Pankhani yothandizidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi mawonekedwe akhate, maso amatha kukhudzidwa, iridocyclitis ndi conjunctivitis zimayamba, nthawi zina khungu limatha kuchitika. Kope la khate pamphuno la mucosa limadzetsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'mimba, kutulutsa kwa septum, mpaka kufooka kwa mphuno. Kusintha pakhungu kumaso kumayambitsa kupunduka. Kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwalo kumabweretsa nephritis, prostatitis, orchitis, matenda a chiwindi.

Fomu ya chifuwa chachikulu imatha kubweretsa zilonda zamiyendo ndi manja, kufooka kwa minofu, paresis ndi ziwalo. Ngati ma granulomas amapangidwa m'mafupa, zotheka zimatha.

Kupewa khate

Mfundo yayikulu yopewa matendawa imadziwika kuti ndikutsata mosamalitsa zaukhondo, kukonza zikhalidwe ndi moyo wabwino. Wodwala khate ayenera kukhala ndi mbale payekha, chopukutira, bafuta. Ndizosowa kwambiri, komabe, milandu yakubwera kwa khate yatsimikiziridwa. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe adwala matendawa saloledwa kugwira ntchito kukhitchini, m'malo azachipatala ndi ana.

Ngati wina m'banjamo adadwala khate, ndiye kuti onse m'banjamo amayenera kukayezetsa chaka chilichonse. Ana obadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi khate nthawi yomweyo amakhala okhaokha ndikudyetsedwa.

Pazinthu zodzitetezera, anthu ayenera kuwunika pakatikati pa mliriwu kuti azindikire mwachangu milandu yamatenda ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake.

Chithandizo cha khate mu mankhwala ambiri

Pochiza khate, kufunsa kwa akatswiri angapo ndikofunikira: katswiri wa matenda opatsirana, orthopedist, ophthalmologist ndi neuropathologist. Akadwala matenda akhate kwakanthawi, amatha kuchiritsidwa.

Thandizo la khate liyenera kukhala lalitali komanso lokwanira. Choyamba, katswiri wa matenda opatsirana amapereka mankhwala osachepera atatu opatsirana a sulfone. Njira yothandizira khate ikhoza kukhala zaka zingapo, wodwalayo amalandila njira zingapo zamankhwala, zomwe zimafunikira kupumula. Pofuna kupewa kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mankhwala imasinthidwa. Pochiza khate, maantibayotiki, mankhwala odana ndi zotupa, ma immunomodulators, hepatoprotectors, othandizira okhala ndi iron, adaptogens ndi ma vitamini complex amafunika.

Akatswiri odwala matenda a khate amalimbikitsa kutikita minofu, kugwiritsa ntchito makina, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Chenjerani!

Otsogolerawo sali ndi udindo uliwonse poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa, ndipo sizikutsimikizira kuti sizikukuvulazani. Zipangizozo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuperekera chithandizo chamankhwala ndikupanga matenda. Nthawi zonse muzifunsa dokotala wanu!